1 00:00:01,134 --> 00:00:02,436 Valentine's Day's coming up. I wish all of you 2 00:00:02,536 --> 00:00:04,538 a happy, happy Valentine's. 3 00:00:04,638 --> 00:00:07,241 May it be blissful, may it be peaceful, 4 00:00:07,341 --> 00:00:10,344 and may it be filled with whatever you need. 5 00:00:10,444 --> 00:00:12,513 That's what we say back home. 6 00:00:12,613 --> 00:00:14,147 Valentine's is a very important day 7 00:00:14,248 --> 00:00:16,750 in South Africa. We celebrate it in church. 8 00:00:16,850 --> 00:00:19,753 Has nothing to do with, like, like, sex and romance. 9 00:00:19,853 --> 00:00:20,954 You go to church, 10 00:00:21,054 --> 00:00:23,223 and then you pray about sex and romance. 11 00:00:23,323 --> 00:00:25,993 (laughs) 12 00:00:26,093 --> 00:00:27,594 You know, what's crazy about Valentine's Day 13 00:00:27,694 --> 00:00:29,196 is that it's based on Saint Valentine. 14 00:00:29,296 --> 00:00:30,531 Like, you know what I mean? 15 00:00:30,631 --> 00:00:33,433 Like, it's, like, the saint of Valentine's Day. 16 00:00:33,534 --> 00:00:35,836 And do you ever think about, like, how shitty it is 17 00:00:35,936 --> 00:00:38,338 for certain saints? Like, what they have to look after? 18 00:00:38,438 --> 00:00:39,640 Do you know what I mean? 19 00:00:39,740 --> 00:00:40,941 'Cause, like, some saints have cool things. 20 00:00:41,041 --> 00:00:44,278 Saint Christopher, the saint of travel. 21 00:00:44,378 --> 00:00:46,346 Saint... (kisses) Look after me 22 00:00:46,446 --> 00:00:48,148 as I take on this treacherous journey. 23 00:00:48,248 --> 00:00:49,983 Please, Saint Christopher. (kisses) Look after me. 24 00:00:50,083 --> 00:00:53,287 Saint Sebastian, the saint of martyrdom. 25 00:00:53,387 --> 00:00:55,155 You're going to die. You're gonna give up your life. 26 00:00:55,255 --> 00:00:56,957 Saint Sebastian. (kisses) 27 00:00:57,057 --> 00:00:58,625 Look after my soul 28 00:00:58,725 --> 00:01:01,562 as I give my life up for a great cause. 29 00:01:01,662 --> 00:01:03,697 Saint Valentine. (kisses) 30 00:01:03,797 --> 00:01:05,532 Saint Valentine. Yo, man, can you help me 31 00:01:05,632 --> 00:01:07,568 find chocolate at CVS? (kisses) 32 00:01:07,668 --> 00:01:09,069 Please, man. Let me figure out the aisle, 33 00:01:09,136 --> 00:01:10,404 'cause I'm trying to smash tonight, yo. 34 00:01:10,504 --> 00:01:12,372 (kisses) And the cheap chocolates, 35 00:01:12,472 --> 00:01:13,941 not those, like, super expensive Belgian ones. 36 00:01:14,074 --> 00:01:16,276 (kisses) Just good enough that she thinks I thought about her 37 00:01:16,376 --> 00:01:17,978 ahead of time. (kisses) 38 00:01:18,078 --> 00:01:20,414 All right, Saint Valentine. Thanks, my dude. (kisses) 39 00:01:20,514 --> 00:01:22,950 ANNOUNCER: Coming to you from the heart of Times Square 40 00:01:23,083 --> 00:01:25,686 in New York City, the only city in America, 41 00:01:25,786 --> 00:01:27,988 it's The Daily Show. 42 00:01:28,088 --> 00:01:31,091 Tonight, roads are racist, 43 00:01:31,191 --> 00:01:33,827 reading up for Valentine's Day, 44 00:01:33,927 --> 00:01:36,730 and Frances Haugen. 45 00:01:36,830 --> 00:01:41,268 This is The Daily Show with Trevor Noah. 46 00:01:41,368 --> 00:01:43,103 Hey! What's going on, everybody? 47 00:01:43,136 --> 00:01:44,638 Welcome to The Daily Show. I'm Trevor Noah. 48 00:01:44,738 --> 00:01:47,207 Let's just straight into today's headlines. 49 00:01:47,307 --> 00:01:49,276 ♪ ♪ 50 00:01:49,376 --> 00:01:51,979 We kick things off with Bitcoin, 51 00:01:52,112 --> 00:01:54,748 the only money that doesn't have slaveholders on it. 52 00:01:54,848 --> 00:01:56,950 One of the advantages of cryptocurrency 53 00:01:57,117 --> 00:02:00,187 was supposed to be how it was secure from theft. 54 00:02:00,287 --> 00:02:03,056 And I would explain why, but instead, 55 00:02:03,156 --> 00:02:05,626 just ask that one dude at the next party you go to. 56 00:02:05,726 --> 00:02:08,128 He'll be very happy to go into great detail. 57 00:02:08,228 --> 00:02:10,364 But despite the super security of crypto, 58 00:02:10,464 --> 00:02:11,698 there have, unfortunately, 59 00:02:11,798 --> 00:02:14,535 been some major crypto heists over the years. 60 00:02:14,635 --> 00:02:17,070 And the same technology that makes it hard to steal 61 00:02:17,104 --> 00:02:21,074 also makes the perpetrators extremely hard to catch. 62 00:02:21,175 --> 00:02:25,078 Hard but not impossible. 63 00:02:25,112 --> 00:02:26,446 NEWSWOMAN: This morning, the Justice Department 64 00:02:26,547 --> 00:02:28,849 announcing the largest single seizure of funds 65 00:02:28,949 --> 00:02:30,484 in the department's history. 66 00:02:30,584 --> 00:02:33,654 Investigators say hackers broke into an online currency exchange 67 00:02:33,754 --> 00:02:37,424 back in 2016, stealing 120,000 Bitcoin, 68 00:02:37,524 --> 00:02:40,761 which, at the time, was worth $71 million. 69 00:02:40,861 --> 00:02:45,232 But today, it's worth a staggering $4.5 billion. 70 00:02:45,332 --> 00:02:47,601 Ilya Lichtenstein and his wife, Heather Morgan, 71 00:02:47,701 --> 00:02:49,269 are charged with laundering Bitcoin 72 00:02:49,369 --> 00:02:52,372 tied to the hack using thousands of small transitions 73 00:02:52,472 --> 00:02:54,575 and accounts set up with fake IDs. 74 00:02:54,675 --> 00:02:58,545 Holy shit. Four and a half billion dollars 75 00:02:58,645 --> 00:03:00,914 in stolen Bitcoin. 76 00:03:01,048 --> 00:03:02,516 This is huge. 77 00:03:02,616 --> 00:03:06,086 You realize... You realize there's 330 million people 78 00:03:06,186 --> 00:03:07,254 in the United States, 79 00:03:07,354 --> 00:03:10,824 and that's $4.5 billion. 80 00:03:10,924 --> 00:03:14,928 So that means you could give each person in the U.S. 81 00:03:15,062 --> 00:03:17,531 te-ten... 82 00:03:17,631 --> 00:03:19,066 ♪ ♪ 83 00:03:19,099 --> 00:03:21,802 If you... Five... 84 00:03:24,638 --> 00:03:27,241 You could give everyone some money. 85 00:03:27,341 --> 00:03:28,642 And by the way, you might think 86 00:03:28,742 --> 00:03:30,377 that everyone who uses Bitcoin would be happy 87 00:03:30,477 --> 00:03:33,080 that the police were able to track down the stolen crypto, 88 00:03:33,180 --> 00:03:34,281 but it turns out no. 89 00:03:34,381 --> 00:03:35,983 Turns out a lot of the crypto community 90 00:03:36,083 --> 00:03:37,684 actually took this as bad news 91 00:03:37,784 --> 00:03:40,787 because cryptocurrency is supposed to be anonymous. 92 00:03:40,888 --> 00:03:42,956 And if the FBI can trace Bitcoin 93 00:03:43,090 --> 00:03:44,491 to someone who might have stolen it, 94 00:03:44,591 --> 00:03:47,094 what's to stop them from tracking innocent people 95 00:03:47,127 --> 00:03:48,295 who are just using Bitcoin 96 00:03:48,395 --> 00:03:50,097 to buy heroin and automatic weapons? 97 00:03:50,197 --> 00:03:51,932 This is scary stuff. 98 00:03:52,099 --> 00:03:54,201 But where some people see a problem, 99 00:03:54,301 --> 00:03:56,103 I like to see opportunities. 100 00:03:56,136 --> 00:03:57,671 Which is why, my friends, 101 00:03:57,771 --> 00:04:00,440 I've created a new form of currency 102 00:04:00,541 --> 00:04:04,678 that is totally anonymous and completely untraceable. 103 00:04:04,778 --> 00:04:06,313 And it comes 104 00:04:06,413 --> 00:04:09,883 with just a little bit of cocaine on it. 105 00:04:10,851 --> 00:04:14,054 (sniffs) So, if you're interested, 106 00:04:14,087 --> 00:04:17,824 I'm gonna be selling these on my website for $50 each. 107 00:04:17,925 --> 00:04:19,960 Think it's a steal. 108 00:04:21,161 --> 00:04:22,329 Now, you're probably wondering 109 00:04:22,429 --> 00:04:24,231 who are the criminal geniuses who are part 110 00:04:24,331 --> 00:04:26,366 of one of the biggest financial crimes in history? 111 00:04:26,466 --> 00:04:29,570 Well, you know when they say you should never meet your heroes? 112 00:04:29,670 --> 00:04:32,072 Yeah. This is why. 113 00:04:32,139 --> 00:04:34,474 NEWSWOMAN: Lichtenstein, a U.S. and Russian citizen 114 00:04:34,575 --> 00:04:37,811 is described in a profile online as a tech entrepreneur. 115 00:04:37,911 --> 00:04:40,113 And according to Morgan's social media profiles, 116 00:04:40,214 --> 00:04:43,083 she's a serial entrepreneur and a part-time rapper. 117 00:04:43,183 --> 00:04:45,452 In one of her songs, Morgan calls herself 118 00:04:45,552 --> 00:04:47,955 "the infamous crocodile of Wall Street." 119 00:04:48,088 --> 00:04:49,089 ♪ I'm many things ♪ 120 00:04:49,122 --> 00:04:50,757 ♪ A rapper, an economist ♪ 121 00:04:50,858 --> 00:04:53,460 ♪ A journalist, a writer, a CEO. ♪ 122 00:04:53,560 --> 00:04:55,329 I know what you're thinking. 123 00:04:55,429 --> 00:04:57,097 The Bitcoin crimes are nothing 124 00:04:57,164 --> 00:04:59,299 compared to calling this shit rap. 125 00:04:59,399 --> 00:05:00,801 What was that? ♪ A rapper ♪ 126 00:05:00,901 --> 00:05:02,469 ♪ An economist, a jour... ♪ 127 00:05:02,569 --> 00:05:05,305 Yo, rap is not just, like, saying wo... (sighs) 128 00:05:05,405 --> 00:05:07,307 What is that? 129 00:05:07,407 --> 00:05:08,909 And, also, even if you are a rapper, 130 00:05:09,042 --> 00:05:10,777 you know it's never a good sign for your rap career 131 00:05:10,878 --> 00:05:13,046 when you're listing all your other jobs in a song. 132 00:05:13,080 --> 00:05:15,048 You're just a rapper. This person's running around, like, 133 00:05:15,148 --> 00:05:18,051 ♪ Yo, yo, yo, this definitely doesn't pay the bills ♪ 134 00:05:18,085 --> 00:05:20,053 ♪ I have to do a bunch of other things ♪ 135 00:05:20,153 --> 00:05:23,257 ♪ 'Cause, as you can tell, no one would pay for this. ♪ 136 00:05:23,357 --> 00:05:26,059 And this wasn't a once-off crime, by the way. 137 00:05:26,159 --> 00:05:28,295 The rap video, not-not the money. 138 00:05:28,395 --> 00:05:31,532 This woman, it turns out, has been spitting wet fire 139 00:05:31,632 --> 00:05:34,134 everywhere that she's been given a chance. 140 00:05:56,490 --> 00:05:59,560 Please, Jesus, I beg you, no mo. 141 00:05:59,660 --> 00:06:01,562 Like, what... What is she... 142 00:06:01,662 --> 00:06:03,096 Which rap is she listening to 143 00:06:03,197 --> 00:06:04,731 that she thought that that was a reference for rap? 144 00:06:04,831 --> 00:06:06,099 That's what I want to know. 145 00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:07,868 Like, where was she listening to rap and she's like, 146 00:06:08,035 --> 00:06:09,069 "I could do that. 147 00:06:09,169 --> 00:06:11,038 I'm gonna go and do the exact same thing." 148 00:06:11,104 --> 00:06:13,240 ♪ No, no, yo-yo! ♪ 149 00:06:13,340 --> 00:06:14,842 Imagine if you were sitting next to her in a room, 150 00:06:14,942 --> 00:06:16,743 what are you thinking is-- "Are you okay in there?!" 151 00:06:16,844 --> 00:06:18,745 (chuckling) 152 00:06:18,846 --> 00:06:21,048 Here's a tip-- kids, if you want to look cool 153 00:06:21,114 --> 00:06:22,549 while doing your rap, 154 00:06:22,649 --> 00:06:25,118 don't read your lyrics off to the side. 155 00:06:25,219 --> 00:06:26,653 Practice and learn the thing. 156 00:06:26,753 --> 00:06:28,422 'Cause, otherwise, it sort of eliminates your swag. 157 00:06:28,522 --> 00:06:29,823 The whole time, she's, like, doing this 158 00:06:29,923 --> 00:06:31,625 to catch the next... rhyme 159 00:06:31,725 --> 00:06:33,527 that's ditto. 160 00:06:33,627 --> 00:06:35,162 You can't do that. No rapper would have succeed-- 161 00:06:35,262 --> 00:06:37,064 Can you imagine if Tupac was reading his rhymes off 162 00:06:37,130 --> 00:06:38,932 on the side? ♪ You claim to be a player ♪ 163 00:06:39,066 --> 00:06:40,934 ♪ But I f... just... screw ♪ S-Sorry, guys. 164 00:06:41,068 --> 00:06:43,170 ♪ Screwed your wife, we bust on the Bad... ♪ 165 00:06:43,270 --> 00:06:45,305 Can we get a-- can we get a different font? 166 00:06:45,405 --> 00:06:47,774 If you have four-- five-- $4.5 billion, 167 00:06:47,875 --> 00:06:50,310 why are you on TikTok? What are you doing on TikTok? 168 00:06:50,410 --> 00:06:53,313 Huh? The whole point of being on TikTok is to get followers 169 00:06:53,413 --> 00:06:55,082 so that you can get paid so you can be rich enough 170 00:06:55,182 --> 00:06:57,317 so you don't have to be on TikTok anymore. 171 00:06:57,417 --> 00:06:58,852 No one wants to be on TikTok. 172 00:06:58,952 --> 00:07:01,588 You think Shaq is dancing for fun? 173 00:07:01,688 --> 00:07:04,725 That man has danced-- Look at the pain in his eyes! 174 00:07:04,825 --> 00:07:06,927 They're coming for his family. 175 00:07:08,328 --> 00:07:09,696 I'll never understand how people are smart enough 176 00:07:09,796 --> 00:07:11,331 to commit the biggest crimes but then dumb enough 177 00:07:11,431 --> 00:07:13,400 to never get away with it. I mean... 178 00:07:13,500 --> 00:07:14,835 like... (sighs) 179 00:07:14,935 --> 00:07:16,203 there's a better way to do this crime. 180 00:07:16,303 --> 00:07:17,771 And I'm not trying to give anyone advice 181 00:07:17,871 --> 00:07:19,173 on how to do crime. 182 00:07:19,273 --> 00:07:20,874 Please, I'm not giving advice. 183 00:07:21,041 --> 00:07:22,676 But here's the thing. 184 00:07:22,776 --> 00:07:26,280 If you steal crypto, don't just keep it all in one place, yo. 185 00:07:26,380 --> 00:07:28,415 What you got to do is break it up into multiple wallets. 186 00:07:28,515 --> 00:07:31,051 You keep those wallets offline in separate drives, right? 187 00:07:31,118 --> 00:07:33,287 Then you make sure that your keys are not in the cloud 188 00:07:33,387 --> 00:07:34,454 or written down anywhere. 189 00:07:34,555 --> 00:07:36,290 Then you move to a country that doesn't have 190 00:07:36,390 --> 00:07:38,125 any extradition laws to the U.S. 191 00:07:38,225 --> 00:07:40,060 Then you launder the money slowly 192 00:07:40,160 --> 00:07:42,930 using other crypto or NFTs. 193 00:07:43,063 --> 00:07:47,401 And, again, I'm not giving advice on doing crime. 194 00:07:47,501 --> 00:07:50,671 ♪ This has been Trevor's Advice on Doing Crime. ♪ 195 00:07:50,771 --> 00:07:53,240 All right, let's move on to our top story. 196 00:07:53,340 --> 00:07:55,909 One of President Biden's biggest accomplishments so far, 197 00:07:56,076 --> 00:07:58,946 I mean, aside from allowing students to keep their debt, 198 00:07:59,079 --> 00:08:01,315 has been the infrastructure package. 199 00:08:01,415 --> 00:08:03,483 It's a $1.2 trillion law 200 00:08:03,584 --> 00:08:05,452 that's gonna help rebuild roads, 201 00:08:05,552 --> 00:08:07,621 expand access to clean drinking water, 202 00:08:07,721 --> 00:08:11,091 and finally get around to adding all the other colors 203 00:08:11,191 --> 00:08:12,492 to stoplights. 204 00:08:12,593 --> 00:08:13,794 And while most of the infrastructure package 205 00:08:13,894 --> 00:08:15,529 was pretty uncontroversial, 206 00:08:15,629 --> 00:08:18,532 there was one thing that was buried deep in the package 207 00:08:18,632 --> 00:08:21,101 that has actually got a lot of people riled up. 208 00:08:21,201 --> 00:08:23,704 NEWSMAN: Democrats, led by President Biden, 209 00:08:23,804 --> 00:08:26,507 say now is the time to build back better. 210 00:08:26,607 --> 00:08:29,409 But leaders don't just want to build and update roads. 211 00:08:29,510 --> 00:08:32,779 In some cases, they want highways torn down. 212 00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:35,716 Democrats would like to provide funding to tear down highways 213 00:08:35,816 --> 00:08:38,719 that had a damaging effect on urban minority communities. 214 00:08:38,819 --> 00:08:42,055 There is racism physically built into some of our highways. 215 00:08:42,155 --> 00:08:45,626 And that's why the jobs plan has dollars specifically committed 216 00:08:45,726 --> 00:08:49,096 to reconnect some of the communities that were divided. 217 00:08:49,196 --> 00:08:50,697 NEWSMAN 2: Critics though slamming the secretary 218 00:08:50,797 --> 00:08:52,900 after he said Biden's infrastructure bill 219 00:08:53,066 --> 00:08:55,335 would address racism in highways. 220 00:08:55,435 --> 00:08:57,137 I guess now, according to Democrats, 221 00:08:57,237 --> 00:08:58,939 roads are now racist 222 00:08:59,072 --> 00:09:00,774 and you need to apologize for it. 223 00:09:00,874 --> 00:09:02,276 Roads can't be racist. 224 00:09:02,376 --> 00:09:04,077 You can't build racism into a road. 225 00:09:04,178 --> 00:09:06,280 Roads are made of sand and gravel and asphalt. 226 00:09:06,380 --> 00:09:07,581 Ask any road builder. 227 00:09:07,681 --> 00:09:09,816 Roads cannot be racist any more than toasters 228 00:09:09,917 --> 00:09:11,818 or sectional couches can be racist. 229 00:09:11,919 --> 00:09:14,154 They are inanimate objects. They're not alive. 230 00:09:14,254 --> 00:09:18,592 Okay, first of all, toasters can totally be racist. 231 00:09:18,692 --> 00:09:21,028 Yeah. I can't even count how many times 232 00:09:21,094 --> 00:09:22,796 I've put a piece of white bread into a toaster, 233 00:09:22,896 --> 00:09:24,431 and it came out wearing blackface. 234 00:09:24,531 --> 00:09:27,067 That shit wasn't cool. 235 00:09:27,167 --> 00:09:28,602 But yes, look, the idea 236 00:09:28,702 --> 00:09:31,104 that highways can be racist has completely blown the minds 237 00:09:31,205 --> 00:09:33,640 over at Fox News, and I get why. I get why. 238 00:09:33,740 --> 00:09:36,243 I mean, I get why Tucker is so puzzled by this. 239 00:09:36,343 --> 00:09:38,245 If highways were racist, 240 00:09:38,345 --> 00:09:40,881 then, surely they would have been a guest on his show by now. 241 00:09:41,048 --> 00:09:43,183 It must be very confusing for him. 242 00:09:43,283 --> 00:09:45,052 But there is actually a real explanation 243 00:09:45,152 --> 00:09:47,254 for why Pete Buttigieg is so mad about America's roads. 244 00:09:47,354 --> 00:09:48,722 And it's not just because 245 00:09:48,822 --> 00:09:50,157 he keeps failing his driver's ed test. 246 00:09:50,257 --> 00:09:51,725 No, there's another reason. 247 00:09:51,825 --> 00:09:54,595 So let's find out why in another installment of 248 00:09:54,695 --> 00:09:56,730 "If You Don't Know, Now You Know." 249 00:09:56,830 --> 00:09:59,433 ♪ ♪ 250 00:10:04,438 --> 00:10:07,307 Highways. They are the vital arteries 251 00:10:07,407 --> 00:10:09,042 that crisscross America, 252 00:10:09,142 --> 00:10:12,045 helping the country's truckers transport goods, 253 00:10:12,145 --> 00:10:15,015 its workers commute to and from the office, 254 00:10:15,115 --> 00:10:18,619 and its O.J.s flee the LAPD. 255 00:10:18,719 --> 00:10:20,220 But what you may not know is 256 00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:22,623 that when America first started building its highway system 257 00:10:22,723 --> 00:10:25,225 back in the 1950s, people were often forced 258 00:10:25,325 --> 00:10:27,494 to leave their homes to make room 259 00:10:27,594 --> 00:10:29,396 for all these fancy new roads. 260 00:10:29,496 --> 00:10:34,835 And guess which people were moved the most. Guess. 261 00:10:34,935 --> 00:10:36,236 NEWSWOMAN: The Federal Aid Highway Act 262 00:10:36,336 --> 00:10:39,406 of 1956 was one the largest public works projects 263 00:10:39,506 --> 00:10:40,908 in American history. 264 00:10:41,008 --> 00:10:43,677 It added 41,000 miles to our interstate system. 265 00:10:43,777 --> 00:10:45,679 NEWSMAN: Pretty much every major city in the country-- New York, 266 00:10:45,779 --> 00:10:48,282 D.C., San Francisco, Philadelphia, you have 267 00:10:48,382 --> 00:10:50,651 major highways cutting through neighborhoods, 268 00:10:50,751 --> 00:10:51,885 requiring the demolition of lots 269 00:10:51,985 --> 00:10:53,554 of housing and other sorts of buildings. 270 00:10:53,654 --> 00:10:54,821 That as they're thinking about 271 00:10:54,922 --> 00:10:56,256 where they're gonna drop highways 272 00:10:56,356 --> 00:10:58,392 and destroy neighborhoods, they invariably single out 273 00:10:58,492 --> 00:11:00,561 what they see as the worst neighborhoods 274 00:11:00,661 --> 00:11:01,962 in their communities. 275 00:11:02,062 --> 00:11:03,397 NEWSMAN 3: It became a pattern in cities 276 00:11:03,497 --> 00:11:05,899 across the country. Poorer and minority residents 277 00:11:06,066 --> 00:11:07,801 were displaced to make way for highways, 278 00:11:07,901 --> 00:11:09,903 and white residents used those highways to commute 279 00:11:10,070 --> 00:11:12,339 into the city for jobs and commute back home at night. 280 00:11:12,439 --> 00:11:14,074 NEWSMAN 4: Planners had an uncanny ability 281 00:11:14,174 --> 00:11:16,109 to pick out the Black neighborhoods. 282 00:11:16,210 --> 00:11:19,580 The route for I-94 in St. Paul displaced one in seven 283 00:11:19,680 --> 00:11:21,982 of the city's Black residents. 284 00:11:22,082 --> 00:11:23,817 "Very few Blacks were living in Minnesota," 285 00:11:23,917 --> 00:11:26,787 one critic noted, "but the road builders found them." 286 00:11:26,887 --> 00:11:28,322 Yeah, that's right. 287 00:11:28,422 --> 00:11:32,092 Highway I-94 could have been anywhere in Minnesota, 288 00:11:32,192 --> 00:11:35,329 but it just happened to displace the very few Black people 289 00:11:35,429 --> 00:11:37,231 living in Minnesota. 290 00:11:37,331 --> 00:11:39,299 More commonly known as the Minnesota Timberwolves. 291 00:11:39,399 --> 00:11:41,201 And look, don't get me wrong. Don't get me wrong. 292 00:11:41,301 --> 00:11:43,403 These highways had to go somewhere, right? 293 00:11:43,504 --> 00:11:46,373 I'm not saying "no highways," but more often than not, 294 00:11:46,473 --> 00:11:49,843 that somewhere was right through a Black neighborhood. 295 00:11:49,943 --> 00:11:52,179 Because you see, rich white neighborhoods-- 296 00:11:52,279 --> 00:11:54,214 they didn't allow this to happen to them. 297 00:11:54,314 --> 00:11:57,117 But brown and Black families didn't have any political power 298 00:11:57,150 --> 00:11:58,886 to stop it. 299 00:11:58,986 --> 00:12:00,621 I mean what were they going to do? Take to the streets? 300 00:12:00,721 --> 00:12:03,423 It was impossible. They hadn't been built yet. 301 00:12:03,524 --> 00:12:05,626 And look, Black people are used to being displaced 302 00:12:05,726 --> 00:12:07,294 by gentrification, even today. 303 00:12:07,394 --> 00:12:08,896 But at least when that happens, 304 00:12:09,062 --> 00:12:11,265 they get to enjoy Shake Shack for a few months first. 305 00:12:11,365 --> 00:12:12,733 These highways, on the other hand-- 306 00:12:12,833 --> 00:12:15,502 they didn't provide any improvement to the neighborhood. 307 00:12:15,602 --> 00:12:16,970 They slashed a hole through it. 308 00:12:17,070 --> 00:12:18,372 And whatever was left 309 00:12:18,472 --> 00:12:21,642 of that neighborhood just withered and died. 310 00:12:21,742 --> 00:12:22,876 NEWSMAN: From the beginning, the Rondo neighborhood 311 00:12:22,976 --> 00:12:25,279 was a haven for people of color. 312 00:12:25,379 --> 00:12:28,081 At its peak, from the '30s to the '50s, 313 00:12:28,148 --> 00:12:31,084 it had Black-owned grocery stores, credit unions 314 00:12:31,185 --> 00:12:32,686 and social clubs. 315 00:12:32,786 --> 00:12:36,356 During construction from 1956 to 1968, 316 00:12:36,456 --> 00:12:40,093 Rondo lost 700 houses, 300 businesses, 317 00:12:40,194 --> 00:12:43,463 and the population declined by 61%. 318 00:12:43,564 --> 00:12:46,333 NEWSWOMAN: In Florida, Overtown was the center of Black Miami. 319 00:12:46,433 --> 00:12:48,836 The I-95 tore through the neighborhood, 320 00:12:48,936 --> 00:12:50,137 wiping out countless homes 321 00:12:50,237 --> 00:12:52,539 as well as its thriving business district. 322 00:12:52,639 --> 00:12:56,276 Kansas City, Chicago, Boston, Detroit, New York City, 323 00:12:56,376 --> 00:12:59,880 Montgomery, Los Angeles. The list goes on and on. 324 00:13:00,047 --> 00:13:01,548 Man, it's actually pretty heartbreaking to see 325 00:13:01,648 --> 00:13:03,050 how devastating these highways were 326 00:13:03,116 --> 00:13:06,153 for the Black communities that they ran through. 327 00:13:06,253 --> 00:13:08,722 Streets that were once filled with Black people 328 00:13:08,822 --> 00:13:12,326 are still empty to this day. 329 00:13:12,426 --> 00:13:14,228 And of course, of course these communities crumbled 330 00:13:14,328 --> 00:13:15,896 once a highway ran through it. 331 00:13:16,063 --> 00:13:18,098 I mean, highways, think of all the things they bring. 332 00:13:18,198 --> 00:13:20,434 Highways bring noise, they bring pollution, 333 00:13:20,534 --> 00:13:23,203 and if you're really unlucky, spontaneous musical numbers. 334 00:13:23,303 --> 00:13:25,205 I'm trying to get to work! 335 00:13:25,305 --> 00:13:27,474 I mean, have you ever looked on the side of a highway 336 00:13:27,574 --> 00:13:28,709 and thought to yourself: 337 00:13:28,809 --> 00:13:31,111 Yeah, that looks like a nice place to live. 338 00:13:31,211 --> 00:13:32,513 No. You probably thought: 339 00:13:32,613 --> 00:13:34,515 I wonder if I could use the bathroom in that gas station 340 00:13:34,615 --> 00:13:36,316 without being murdered. 341 00:13:36,416 --> 00:13:38,085 And the fact that they destroyed Black neighborhoods 342 00:13:38,151 --> 00:13:39,553 wasn't the only racist thing 343 00:13:39,653 --> 00:13:41,321 about how highways were designed. 344 00:13:41,421 --> 00:13:44,157 You see, around the time the highways were being built, 345 00:13:44,258 --> 00:13:47,961 segregation laws were being struck down in America. 346 00:13:48,095 --> 00:13:49,730 But, lucky for the racists, 347 00:13:49,830 --> 00:13:53,166 they didn't need the laws to enforce segregation, 348 00:13:53,267 --> 00:13:56,436 because now the highways did it for them. 349 00:13:56,537 --> 00:13:58,839 NARRATOR: Infrastructure didn't just break up Black communities, 350 00:13:58,939 --> 00:14:00,641 it reinforced segregation. 351 00:14:00,741 --> 00:14:03,043 The 1938 Federal Housing Administration 352 00:14:03,143 --> 00:14:05,445 Underwriting Manual said an artificial barrier, 353 00:14:05,546 --> 00:14:07,881 like a highway, could protect a neighborhood 354 00:14:08,048 --> 00:14:09,883 from "adverse influences," 355 00:14:10,050 --> 00:14:12,553 like "inharmonious racial groups." 356 00:14:12,653 --> 00:14:15,122 They laid the interstate down right on the black-white line. 357 00:14:15,222 --> 00:14:18,225 Bam! And what that meant was, that it would be much harder 358 00:14:18,325 --> 00:14:20,327 to have school integration. 359 00:14:20,427 --> 00:14:22,362 I mean, you couldn't have kids walking across the interstate, 360 00:14:22,462 --> 00:14:24,064 for heaven's sakes. 361 00:14:24,164 --> 00:14:26,166 NARRATOR: A report from the Georgia Historical Society says 362 00:14:26,266 --> 00:14:28,569 that while deciding the route of I-20, 363 00:14:28,669 --> 00:14:31,238 the Atlanta Bureau of Planning said it would be 364 00:14:31,338 --> 00:14:34,608 the boundary between white and African American communities. 365 00:14:34,708 --> 00:14:36,577 Because the highways in Atlanta were laid down 366 00:14:36,677 --> 00:14:39,246 primarily with a regard to keeping the racists apart, 367 00:14:39,346 --> 00:14:41,849 rather than keeping traffic moving efficiently, 368 00:14:41,949 --> 00:14:44,618 it laid them down in a way that, today, 369 00:14:44,718 --> 00:14:47,087 traffic in Atlanta is incredibly snarled. 370 00:14:47,187 --> 00:14:51,758 I-20 zigzags from east to west in a route that makes no sense 371 00:14:51,859 --> 00:14:55,896 unless you know it was laid down with the desire to segregate. 372 00:14:55,996 --> 00:14:58,165 Man, racism is a hell of a drug. 373 00:14:58,265 --> 00:15:00,067 I mean, think about it, instead of designing 374 00:15:00,167 --> 00:15:03,770 the most efficient highway, they instead made it zigzag 375 00:15:03,871 --> 00:15:08,809 around the city like some kind of racist Mario Kart. 376 00:15:08,909 --> 00:15:11,078 Well, if you... if you're real about it, 377 00:15:11,178 --> 00:15:13,080 Mario Kart is pretty racist. 378 00:15:13,180 --> 00:15:15,549 'Cause in real life, when Italians get in a car accident, 379 00:15:15,649 --> 00:15:18,886 they don't yell: Mamma mia! I love-a the spaghetti! 380 00:15:19,052 --> 00:15:20,921 Do you have any insurance on you? 381 00:15:21,054 --> 00:15:22,923 And, guys, I don't know about you, 382 00:15:23,056 --> 00:15:27,261 but there is nobody that I hate more than I hate traffic. 383 00:15:27,361 --> 00:15:30,831 Like, I will literally shake hands with my worst enemy 384 00:15:30,931 --> 00:15:34,134 if it means I can get where I'm going 30 minutes faster. 385 00:15:34,234 --> 00:15:36,136 I'm still not friends with you, Winter, 386 00:15:36,236 --> 00:15:38,305 but at least we're both gonna get home at 5:00. 387 00:15:38,405 --> 00:15:41,241 And I'll make the sun set at 5:00. 388 00:15:41,341 --> 00:15:44,811 -Ooh, I hate you so much! -(laughing) 389 00:15:44,912 --> 00:15:47,614 Oh, can you turn on the AC, please? 390 00:15:47,714 --> 00:15:51,218 So yes, highways might not be following Black people 391 00:15:51,318 --> 00:15:54,721 around department stores or turning them down for loans, 392 00:15:54,821 --> 00:15:57,391 but the way that highways were built in America 393 00:15:57,491 --> 00:16:00,394 was inarguably racist. 394 00:16:00,494 --> 00:16:03,430 In ways that still affect American society to this day. 395 00:16:03,530 --> 00:16:05,666 And I know, like, that people like Tucker and Sean Hannity, 396 00:16:05,766 --> 00:16:07,734 they love to make it seem like talking 397 00:16:07,835 --> 00:16:09,937 about the racist history of highways 398 00:16:10,037 --> 00:16:12,439 means that you're somehow calling people racist today 399 00:16:12,539 --> 00:16:14,441 because they still drive on those freeways. 400 00:16:14,541 --> 00:16:16,276 Waah, you're a racist, you're a racist! 401 00:16:16,376 --> 00:16:18,045 No, no, that's not the case. 402 00:16:18,111 --> 00:16:21,548 Nobody's telling you to walk to your next family vacation. 403 00:16:21,648 --> 00:16:25,118 What we're saying is, if we can try to understand the history 404 00:16:25,219 --> 00:16:28,188 of how a thing came to be, then maybe we can figure out 405 00:16:28,288 --> 00:16:32,259 how to make it better when we build new roads in the future. 406 00:16:32,359 --> 00:16:34,695 And if you don't know, now you know. 407 00:16:34,795 --> 00:16:36,396 All right, when we come back, 408 00:16:36,496 --> 00:16:39,066 Dulcé Sloan is gonna get us in the mood 409 00:16:39,132 --> 00:16:42,903 for Valentine's Day. Oh, yeah. 410 00:16:44,338 --> 00:16:45,706 Welcome back to The Daily Show. 411 00:16:45,806 --> 00:16:48,575 This Monday is Valentine's Day, 412 00:16:48,675 --> 00:16:51,612 the day that will be the reason couples break up 413 00:16:51,712 --> 00:16:53,146 six months from now. 414 00:16:53,247 --> 00:16:55,883 But for all the people out there who are already single, 415 00:16:55,983 --> 00:16:57,417 we turn to Dulcé Sloan 416 00:16:57,517 --> 00:17:01,021 for a Valentine's Day episode of Dul-sayin'. 417 00:17:01,121 --> 00:17:03,156 ♪ ♪ 418 00:17:07,127 --> 00:17:09,863 Hello, friends. I want to wish all the couples 419 00:17:09,963 --> 00:17:11,832 a happy Valentine's Day. 420 00:17:11,932 --> 00:17:13,901 I hope you all have a romantic evening 421 00:17:14,001 --> 00:17:16,136 and your carriage ride around the park 422 00:17:16,236 --> 00:17:18,305 is filled with horse farts. 423 00:17:18,405 --> 00:17:20,007 I've been single for too long 424 00:17:20,107 --> 00:17:23,176 because, you know, dating apps are digital dumpster diving. 425 00:17:23,277 --> 00:17:25,812 The only thing that's got me through it 426 00:17:25,913 --> 00:17:27,214 are romance novels. 427 00:17:27,314 --> 00:17:28,849 Mmm! (kisses) 428 00:17:28,949 --> 00:17:31,184 But not just any romance novel. 429 00:17:31,285 --> 00:17:33,720 I'm talking about the unsung heroines 430 00:17:33,820 --> 00:17:36,156 of the erotic: all the Black women 431 00:17:36,256 --> 00:17:37,591 writing the best ones. 432 00:17:37,691 --> 00:17:41,061 For example, the queen of Black historical romance, 433 00:17:41,161 --> 00:17:42,529 Beverly Jenkins. 434 00:17:42,629 --> 00:17:45,966 Just check out the passage from her novel Indigo, 435 00:17:46,066 --> 00:17:49,670 which I imagine is read to me by Jesse Williams. 436 00:17:49,770 --> 00:17:53,440 "She moved her hands over the strength of his back, 437 00:17:53,473 --> 00:17:54,875 "kissing him, 438 00:17:54,975 --> 00:17:57,644 "flicking her tongue against the edges of his lips, 439 00:17:57,744 --> 00:17:59,880 "experimenting with the boldness 440 00:17:59,980 --> 00:18:02,482 "his passion had planted within her 441 00:18:02,583 --> 00:18:05,819 "while his hands beneath her gown toured lustily. 442 00:18:05,919 --> 00:18:09,856 No man had ever touched her this way." 443 00:18:09,957 --> 00:18:12,759 (exhales) Damn. 444 00:18:12,859 --> 00:18:14,461 I remember the first time I read this, 445 00:18:14,561 --> 00:18:16,463 I fell right out of my chair. 446 00:18:16,563 --> 00:18:18,599 No, I slid out. 447 00:18:18,699 --> 00:18:20,934 I love how she was flicking her tongue 448 00:18:21,034 --> 00:18:22,669 against the edges of his lips. 449 00:18:22,769 --> 00:18:26,073 Ooh, you know a writer is good if they make kissing sound sexy 450 00:18:26,173 --> 00:18:27,507 even when it's wrong. 451 00:18:27,608 --> 00:18:29,309 Like, don't be licking his lips, 452 00:18:29,476 --> 00:18:31,311 Get that poor man some Chapstick. 453 00:18:31,478 --> 00:18:34,982 Now, if you want to go a bit more old-school in your romance, 454 00:18:35,082 --> 00:18:37,084 you can try Rubie Saunders. 455 00:18:37,184 --> 00:18:40,787 She was best known for a series following Nurse Marilyn Morgan 456 00:18:40,888 --> 00:18:43,023 and her steamy affairs with doctors. 457 00:18:43,123 --> 00:18:46,260 The series was coming at you with some hot lines. 458 00:18:46,426 --> 00:18:49,029 Hank was standing behind her now 459 00:18:49,129 --> 00:18:52,432 and, somehow, his arms were around her waist. 460 00:18:52,466 --> 00:18:54,501 Hank pressed close to her. 461 00:18:54,601 --> 00:18:57,471 She could feel his breath on the back of her neck. 462 00:18:57,571 --> 00:18:59,439 "I won't hurt you, honey," 463 00:18:59,506 --> 00:19:03,143 he murmured as his arms tightened around her. 464 00:19:03,243 --> 00:19:05,212 They sank into the cushions, 465 00:19:05,312 --> 00:19:07,080 together. 466 00:19:07,180 --> 00:19:08,448 Shit! 467 00:19:08,482 --> 00:19:09,716 Listen, everyone knows 468 00:19:09,816 --> 00:19:12,185 that sinking into the cushion means good sex. 469 00:19:12,286 --> 00:19:13,654 Or your couch is too old. 470 00:19:13,754 --> 00:19:15,956 Either way, you're gonna be sore in the morning. 471 00:19:16,056 --> 00:19:19,560 By the way, we would never have known many of these authors 472 00:19:19,660 --> 00:19:22,996 if it wasn't for book publishers like Vivian Stephens. 473 00:19:23,096 --> 00:19:24,331 She was groundbreaking, 474 00:19:24,464 --> 00:19:26,934 not just because she sought out writers of color 475 00:19:27,034 --> 00:19:29,069 who wrote about women with real depth 476 00:19:29,169 --> 00:19:30,704 but also because she wasn't afraid 477 00:19:30,804 --> 00:19:33,073 to publish explicit sex scenes. 478 00:19:33,173 --> 00:19:35,275 She changed the game with her publishing company 479 00:19:35,375 --> 00:19:37,144 Candlelight Ecstasy, 480 00:19:37,244 --> 00:19:40,280 which is one of those terms that only belongs in a romance novel. 481 00:19:40,380 --> 00:19:43,050 If you combine candlelight and ecstasy in real life, 482 00:19:43,150 --> 00:19:45,052 you're gonna lose your eyebrows. 483 00:19:45,152 --> 00:19:48,322 Stephens helped publish great authors like Sandra Kitt, 484 00:19:48,422 --> 00:19:51,758 who wrote love stories featuring both Black and white characters. 485 00:19:51,858 --> 00:19:54,428 So she referred to herself as a "switch hitter," 486 00:19:54,494 --> 00:19:58,432 which I feel like means something different now? 487 00:19:58,465 --> 00:20:00,801 Is that when a dick is ambidextrous? 488 00:20:00,901 --> 00:20:04,771 Like it can hold a pen with his left and his right testicle? 489 00:20:04,872 --> 00:20:07,975 Anyway, one of Sandra Kitt's greatest contributions 490 00:20:08,075 --> 00:20:11,211 was the novel Adam and Eva. 491 00:20:11,311 --> 00:20:12,980 This novel is about Eva Duncan 492 00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:15,148 escaping the death of her husband. 493 00:20:15,249 --> 00:20:17,084 She takes a vacation to the Virgin Islands, 494 00:20:17,184 --> 00:20:19,086 and basically by the time she leaves, 495 00:20:19,186 --> 00:20:21,889 ha, they're just called "The Islands." (laughs) 496 00:20:21,989 --> 00:20:24,825 What I like about Sandra's writing is how she evokes 497 00:20:24,925 --> 00:20:28,629 the physical sensation of sex, and also the butts. 498 00:20:28,729 --> 00:20:30,831 Just check out this passage. 499 00:20:30,931 --> 00:20:33,533 "...when Maxwell's other hand made a sensuous journey 500 00:20:33,634 --> 00:20:35,869 "up the back of one thigh, 501 00:20:35,969 --> 00:20:38,238 "causing a quaking through the center of her body 502 00:20:38,338 --> 00:20:40,107 "as he pressed her buttocks to bring her 503 00:20:40,207 --> 00:20:43,610 "against his distinct, hard masculine form. 504 00:20:43,710 --> 00:20:47,414 "She finally came... to her senses, 505 00:20:47,514 --> 00:20:49,182 "pulling her mouth away with a gasp 506 00:20:49,283 --> 00:20:52,753 and turning completely within the circle of his arms." 507 00:20:55,022 --> 00:20:57,057 ♪ ♪ 508 00:20:59,826 --> 00:21:03,430 Dulcé, I'm... finished. 509 00:21:03,463 --> 00:21:05,165 Well, I wasn't. 510 00:21:05,265 --> 00:21:07,935 Well, I guess that about raps it up for book club. 511 00:21:08,035 --> 00:21:10,037 So when your single ass is curled up with a book 512 00:21:10,137 --> 00:21:12,072 about people curling up with each other, 513 00:21:12,172 --> 00:21:14,741 make sure not to forget the Black women that paved the way 514 00:21:14,841 --> 00:21:18,178 for you to hear lines in your head like this. 515 00:21:18,278 --> 00:21:21,448 "They could resist each other no longer. 516 00:21:21,481 --> 00:21:25,586 "She in her robe, skin aglow, lips pursed. 517 00:21:25,686 --> 00:21:29,256 "He hovered above her, lustful, yet firm, 518 00:21:29,356 --> 00:21:31,725 whispering her name, 'Dulcé.'" 519 00:21:31,825 --> 00:21:33,460 Ooh. 520 00:21:33,493 --> 00:21:36,096 All right, Dulcé, really? Did you write this? 521 00:21:36,196 --> 00:21:39,466 Dawg, great character. Didn't you go to acting school? 522 00:21:39,533 --> 00:21:41,335 No. 523 00:21:41,468 --> 00:21:43,503 Ah, self-taught. 524 00:21:43,604 --> 00:21:45,439 Okay. I see you. 525 00:21:45,539 --> 00:21:48,876 ♪ ♪ 526 00:21:48,976 --> 00:21:50,444 Thank you so much for that Dulcé. 527 00:21:50,544 --> 00:21:52,546 All right, when we come back, I'll be talking to the woman 528 00:21:52,646 --> 00:21:54,815 who exposed Facebook's biggest secret. 529 00:21:54,915 --> 00:21:57,084 You don't want to miss it. 530 00:21:58,652 --> 00:21:59,986 Welcome back to The Daily Show. 531 00:22:00,086 --> 00:22:01,588 My guest tonight is former Facebook product manager 532 00:22:01,688 --> 00:22:03,557 turned whistleblower Frances Haugen. 533 00:22:03,657 --> 00:22:04,991 She's here to talk about how Facebook 534 00:22:05,091 --> 00:22:07,694 prioritizes profits over public safety 535 00:22:07,794 --> 00:22:10,797 and teen mental health. 536 00:22:10,897 --> 00:22:12,265 Frances Haugen, welcome to The Daily Show. 537 00:22:12,365 --> 00:22:13,767 Thank you for inviting me. Happy to be here. 538 00:22:13,867 --> 00:22:15,902 Um, your name 539 00:22:16,002 --> 00:22:18,438 isn't as big as the story 540 00:22:18,538 --> 00:22:21,841 that you really, I mean, leaked to the world. 541 00:22:21,942 --> 00:22:24,444 You know? A lot of people, you say, "Frances Haugen," 542 00:22:24,544 --> 00:22:25,478 they'll be like, "Who is that?" 543 00:22:25,579 --> 00:22:26,780 But then if you say to people, 544 00:22:26,880 --> 00:22:28,682 "Hey, remember how we all learned 545 00:22:28,782 --> 00:22:31,451 "that Facebook and what social media is doing 546 00:22:31,551 --> 00:22:33,620 "is essentially destroying teenagers' brains 547 00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:35,155 and it's harming all of us?" 548 00:22:35,255 --> 00:22:37,557 Yeah, that report happened because of you. 549 00:22:37,657 --> 00:22:39,926 So, let's start with the question of "why?" 550 00:22:40,026 --> 00:22:41,928 -Mm-hmm. -You've worked for, um, Google. 551 00:22:42,028 --> 00:22:43,763 -You've worked for Pinterest. You've worked for Yelp. -Mm-hmm. 552 00:22:43,864 --> 00:22:46,233 And yet you blew the whistle on Facebook. 553 00:22:46,333 --> 00:22:47,601 -Mm-hmm. -Why did you feel like, "Oh, this... 554 00:22:47,701 --> 00:22:49,502 This is something I can't sit on"? 555 00:22:49,603 --> 00:22:53,139 So, when I joined, uh, Facebook, I thought I was gonna work 556 00:22:53,240 --> 00:22:55,408 on misinformation in the United States. 557 00:22:55,508 --> 00:22:58,178 And I was surprised, and I-I actually was charged 558 00:22:58,278 --> 00:22:59,980 with working on information outsi... 559 00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:01,748 -only outside the United States. -Okay. 560 00:23:01,815 --> 00:23:04,985 And, um, like many people and many technologists, 561 00:23:05,085 --> 00:23:06,653 I had never really focused 562 00:23:06,753 --> 00:23:08,588 on Facebook's impact internationally. 563 00:23:08,755 --> 00:23:11,925 And very rapidly, um, 564 00:23:12,025 --> 00:23:15,195 I realized kind of the horrifying magnitude 565 00:23:15,295 --> 00:23:16,763 of the danger that we were facing. 566 00:23:16,830 --> 00:23:19,633 That Facebook's algorithms give the most reach 567 00:23:19,766 --> 00:23:21,868 -to the most extreme and divisive ideas. -Mm-hmm. 568 00:23:21,968 --> 00:23:25,772 Um, and that-that process is destabilizing 569 00:23:25,839 --> 00:23:27,641 some of the most fragile places in the world, 570 00:23:27,774 --> 00:23:30,110 like Ethiopia or what happened in Myanmar. 571 00:23:30,210 --> 00:23:32,312 It... You see, when-when you say that, 572 00:23:32,412 --> 00:23:34,314 there are some people who will accept it immediately, 573 00:23:34,414 --> 00:23:35,815 and then there are some people who will be like, 574 00:23:35,916 --> 00:23:36,950 "That's-that's not true at all." 575 00:23:37,050 --> 00:23:38,318 But I'm sure there are a lot of people 576 00:23:38,418 --> 00:23:40,086 who will say, "But, I mean, 577 00:23:40,187 --> 00:23:42,622 "aren't they always going to be extreme people in the world? 578 00:23:42,789 --> 00:23:44,791 You know, there's always somebody saying something." 579 00:23:44,891 --> 00:23:46,359 You know, Facebook themselves say... 580 00:23:46,459 --> 00:23:48,528 They go like, "Hey, we're not... We're not part of the problem. 581 00:23:48,628 --> 00:23:51,831 "We're merely a platform that people put their views on. 582 00:23:51,932 --> 00:23:54,534 We are not part of the problem." And you disagree with that. 583 00:23:54,634 --> 00:23:56,803 So, let's imagine you had a relative 584 00:23:56,903 --> 00:23:59,139 who had particularly extreme ideas. 585 00:23:59,239 --> 00:24:01,608 You know, I've... We often say, like, the crazy uncle. 586 00:24:01,741 --> 00:24:03,543 -Right, right, right. -'Cause, mm, some of us have those. 587 00:24:03,643 --> 00:24:06,179 Uh, that person, if they're... 588 00:24:06,279 --> 00:24:07,614 If we're talking to them one-on-one 589 00:24:07,747 --> 00:24:09,182 or we're talking to them at a family gathering, 590 00:24:09,282 --> 00:24:12,619 that scale allows for resolution of ideas. 591 00:24:12,752 --> 00:24:14,521 -Okay. -What's happening on Facebook right now 592 00:24:14,621 --> 00:24:18,158 is ideas that are the most able to elicit a reaction-- 593 00:24:18,258 --> 00:24:21,027 and the shortest path to a click is anger-- 594 00:24:21,127 --> 00:24:23,029 those get the most reach, 595 00:24:23,129 --> 00:24:24,631 and ideas that are more moderate 596 00:24:24,764 --> 00:24:26,433 or that try to bring us into synthesis 597 00:24:26,533 --> 00:24:28,602 or to-to help us find a middle path, 598 00:24:28,768 --> 00:24:31,771 those aren't as likely to elicit a comment from you 599 00:24:31,805 --> 00:24:33,340 -or elicit a like. -Right. 600 00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:35,609 And so Facebook doesn't give it as much distribution. 601 00:24:35,775 --> 00:24:37,844 So, Facebook is essentially propelling 602 00:24:37,944 --> 00:24:39,012 certain ideas out there. 603 00:24:39,112 --> 00:24:40,780 So, they may say, "We're the platform," 604 00:24:40,881 --> 00:24:42,115 but, really, what they're also doing 605 00:24:42,215 --> 00:24:43,650 is they're advocating for certain viewpoints 606 00:24:43,783 --> 00:24:45,919 because they push those out because those get people engaged 607 00:24:46,019 --> 00:24:47,787 -and spinning in the cycle. -So, I think it's a thing 608 00:24:47,821 --> 00:24:49,489 where it's not they sit down and go, 609 00:24:49,589 --> 00:24:50,924 "How can we get more extreme ideas?" 610 00:24:51,024 --> 00:24:52,325 I don't think that's what they're trying to do. 611 00:24:52,425 --> 00:24:54,861 But they do know that there are lots of solutions 612 00:24:54,961 --> 00:24:56,630 that are not about censorship. 613 00:24:56,796 --> 00:24:58,365 It's not about picking good or bad ideas 614 00:24:58,465 --> 00:24:59,833 -or good or bad people. -Mm-hmm. 615 00:24:59,933 --> 00:25:03,103 It's about how do we change the dynamics of these systems 616 00:25:03,203 --> 00:25:04,738 so that you could have 617 00:25:04,804 --> 00:25:06,873 good speech counter-counter bad speech. 618 00:25:06,973 --> 00:25:09,442 How do we give those more of an equal say at the table? 619 00:25:09,543 --> 00:25:11,444 You know, it's-it's interesting that you lay it out like this. 620 00:25:11,545 --> 00:25:13,513 Because I remember talking to my friends about this, 621 00:25:13,613 --> 00:25:17,350 -saying, "Have we become angrier in the world? -Mm. 622 00:25:17,450 --> 00:25:20,954 Have we become less able to have misunderstandings?" 623 00:25:21,054 --> 00:25:22,556 'Cause I-- 'cause I'll sit with my friends and I go, like, 624 00:25:22,656 --> 00:25:25,392 I don't agree on so many things with my friends. 625 00:25:25,492 --> 00:25:27,394 But I don't remember a time when that meant 626 00:25:27,494 --> 00:25:29,162 -that I couldn't be friends with them. -Yeah. 627 00:25:29,262 --> 00:25:30,597 In the world of social media right now, 628 00:25:30,764 --> 00:25:32,832 -it feels like if I disagree with you on this... -Mm. 629 00:25:32,933 --> 00:25:35,068 ...I disagree with you on everything. 630 00:25:35,168 --> 00:25:37,337 It seems like, Facebook world, if you disagree on this, 631 00:25:37,437 --> 00:25:39,606 -we're gonna make or we're gonna find more ways... -Oh, yeah. 632 00:25:39,773 --> 00:25:41,908 ...to-to, you know-- to find where you disagree 633 00:25:42,008 --> 00:25:43,510 -or-or how to make you disagree. -Mm-hmm. 634 00:25:43,610 --> 00:25:45,612 Yeah, so some people have said this idea of, like, uh, 635 00:25:45,779 --> 00:25:47,414 Facebook's always looking for fault lines. 636 00:25:47,514 --> 00:25:50,417 Right? So-so, a "high quality" piece of content 637 00:25:50,517 --> 00:25:52,219 is one that gets lots of engagement. 638 00:25:52,319 --> 00:25:54,454 And it turns out an angry comment thread 639 00:25:54,554 --> 00:25:56,890 where, you know, it causes us to yell at each other, 640 00:25:56,990 --> 00:25:59,559 that is viewed as a higher quality piece of content. 641 00:25:59,726 --> 00:26:02,529 And so, uh, you know, during, um, COVID, 642 00:26:02,629 --> 00:26:05,365 I've had friends who wrote very long, thoughtful pieces. 643 00:26:05,465 --> 00:26:07,834 They went and digested lots of information. 644 00:26:07,934 --> 00:26:10,503 -Ah. -That's gonna cause less knee-jerk reaction 645 00:26:10,604 --> 00:26:13,173 than something that really offends you. 646 00:26:13,273 --> 00:26:15,008 So, "masks don't work." 647 00:26:15,108 --> 00:26:16,543 -People are clicking on that. -Yeah. Yeah. Psh-shh-shh. 648 00:26:16,643 --> 00:26:18,211 "Here's the thing about masks we have to consider 649 00:26:18,311 --> 00:26:20,280 -in our society." Boo. -Yeah, yeah. Yeah, yeah. 650 00:26:20,380 --> 00:26:21,548 -Facebook's not pushing that. -Or... 651 00:26:21,648 --> 00:26:23,216 So, what's interesting, you know, 652 00:26:23,316 --> 00:26:25,018 -in-in everything that you've done is... -Mm. 653 00:26:25,118 --> 00:26:26,219 ...even though you're a whistleblower, 654 00:26:26,319 --> 00:26:27,754 even though you came out with this information, 655 00:26:27,821 --> 00:26:29,523 you've never said, "I'm anti-Facebook." 656 00:26:29,623 --> 00:26:30,924 -You've never said, "Shut Facebook down." -Mm-hmm. 657 00:26:31,024 --> 00:26:32,526 -You've never said this thing needs to go away. -Yeah. 658 00:26:32,626 --> 00:26:34,361 What you're arguing for is 659 00:26:34,461 --> 00:26:36,796 we change our relationship with not just Facebook 660 00:26:36,897 --> 00:26:38,465 -but social media companies as a whole. -Mm. 661 00:26:38,565 --> 00:26:40,066 -E-Explain what that means. -Mm-hmm. 662 00:26:40,166 --> 00:26:41,434 So, often, when people talk about this idea 663 00:26:41,535 --> 00:26:43,670 of we need to change our relationship with social media, 664 00:26:43,770 --> 00:26:45,906 it's more about, like, should we use our phones so much? 665 00:26:46,006 --> 00:26:47,974 But I-I'm encouraging us to have a conversation 666 00:26:48,074 --> 00:26:50,076 about what's our relationship with companies. 667 00:26:50,176 --> 00:26:52,145 -Or what's the companies' relationships with us? -Okay. 668 00:26:52,245 --> 00:26:55,615 Facebook knows that they have a level of-of, um, 669 00:26:55,782 --> 00:26:57,417 unaccountability that's very different 670 00:26:57,517 --> 00:27:00,353 than either Google or Apple or other big platforms. 671 00:27:00,453 --> 00:27:01,988 Because, in the case of Google, 672 00:27:02,088 --> 00:27:04,758 we can scrape, we can download their results and analyze them 673 00:27:04,858 --> 00:27:06,226 and see if there are biases. 674 00:27:06,326 --> 00:27:08,562 -Okay. -In the case of Apple, we can take apart the phones 675 00:27:08,728 --> 00:27:10,030 and put up YouTube videos saying 676 00:27:10,130 --> 00:27:12,732 -Apple phones do or don't work the way they claim. -Huh. 677 00:27:12,766 --> 00:27:14,501 But in the case of Facebook, 678 00:27:14,601 --> 00:27:17,170 researchers and activists have been telling Facebook, 679 00:27:17,270 --> 00:27:19,839 "Hey, we have found all these examples. 680 00:27:19,940 --> 00:27:21,241 "We think there's a pattern here. 681 00:27:21,341 --> 00:27:22,742 "We think there's too much human trafficking. 682 00:27:22,776 --> 00:27:24,211 -We think kids are suffering." -Right. 683 00:27:24,311 --> 00:27:26,413 And Facebook keeps coming back because they know 684 00:27:26,513 --> 00:27:28,281 no one can call them on it 685 00:27:28,381 --> 00:27:31,084 and saying, "That's just anecdotal. That's not real." 686 00:27:31,184 --> 00:27:32,552 But when you released the information, 687 00:27:32,652 --> 00:27:34,521 we realized it wasn't anecdotal, it was real, because Facebook 688 00:27:34,621 --> 00:27:35,889 -had done the research. -And Facebook knew about it. 689 00:27:35,989 --> 00:27:37,324 -Right. You see, now, this is interesting. -Yeah. Yeah. 690 00:27:37,424 --> 00:27:39,292 -'Cause this reminds me of the tobacco companies. -Yes. 691 00:27:39,392 --> 00:27:41,161 -Yeah. Yeah. -It reminds us of the, you know... 692 00:27:41,261 --> 00:27:43,263 -the fossil fuel companies. -Yeah. 693 00:27:43,363 --> 00:27:44,464 They do the research, 694 00:27:44,564 --> 00:27:45,966 they find out something really bad, 695 00:27:46,066 --> 00:27:47,367 and then, I mean, obviously, they go, like, 696 00:27:47,467 --> 00:27:49,936 "We're not gonna put this out there, but-but we know." 697 00:27:50,036 --> 00:27:52,639 One of the biggest things that's really gotten people worried 698 00:27:52,772 --> 00:27:56,109 -is how social media affects younger brains. -Mm-hmm. 699 00:27:56,209 --> 00:27:57,577 I mean, it affects my brain. I'm-- 700 00:27:57,711 --> 00:28:00,447 I don't consider myself younger anymore, but 701 00:28:00,547 --> 00:28:02,616 young people are-are like... 702 00:28:02,716 --> 00:28:05,252 -it seems like the highest... at the highest risk. -Mm-hmm. 703 00:28:05,352 --> 00:28:07,587 Yeah, Facebook's internal research says 704 00:28:07,721 --> 00:28:11,024 that the highest rates of problematic use peak at age 14. 705 00:28:11,124 --> 00:28:13,393 So you're not allowed to be on the platform until you're 13. 706 00:28:13,493 --> 00:28:14,728 -Uh-huh. -So I guess it takes a little bit of time 707 00:28:14,828 --> 00:28:17,764 to form that habit. But the largest fraction 708 00:28:17,864 --> 00:28:19,432 of any of those age cohorts they sampled... 709 00:28:19,533 --> 00:28:21,635 And they've done studies that have 100,000 people in them. 710 00:28:21,735 --> 00:28:23,470 -Okay. -These are not tiny studies. 711 00:28:23,570 --> 00:28:26,339 Um, they find that the largest fractions say, 712 00:28:26,439 --> 00:28:29,643 "I can't control my usage, and I know it's impacting my health, 713 00:28:29,743 --> 00:28:32,746 -"my employment or my school" is at age 14. -Wow. 714 00:28:32,812 --> 00:28:36,316 And so, there's a real thing where young people have both... 715 00:28:36,416 --> 00:28:38,084 -You know, they're struggling with issues in their life. -Yes. 716 00:28:38,185 --> 00:28:40,153 And they don't have the self-control yet. 717 00:28:40,253 --> 00:28:42,189 And they say this. They say this to researchers. 718 00:28:42,289 --> 00:28:45,325 They say, "I know this is making me feel bad, 719 00:28:45,425 --> 00:28:46,760 "and I can't stop. 720 00:28:46,793 --> 00:28:49,329 -I fear I'll be ostracized if I leave." -Mm-hmm. 721 00:28:49,429 --> 00:28:53,133 And those factors mean it's not easy for kids just to walk away. 722 00:28:53,233 --> 00:28:55,302 It's also not easy for people to understand how to, um... 723 00:28:55,402 --> 00:28:57,304 how to fix it. You have lawmakers now... 724 00:28:57,404 --> 00:28:59,806 -Mm. -...who are trying to figure this thing out. 725 00:28:59,906 --> 00:29:02,709 -Silicon Valley is way ahead of them. -Yup. 726 00:29:02,742 --> 00:29:03,977 Like, way ahead of them. Lawmakers. 727 00:29:04,077 --> 00:29:05,378 You see these hearings. They'd be like, 728 00:29:05,478 --> 00:29:07,914 "What if... what if my Facebook is an insta flap?" 729 00:29:08,014 --> 00:29:09,516 They don't understand what's happening. 730 00:29:09,616 --> 00:29:13,286 So how do we begin creating a world 731 00:29:13,386 --> 00:29:14,855 -where we're not destroying the companies... -Mm. 732 00:29:14,955 --> 00:29:18,258 ...but we're-we're regulating them the way they should be? 733 00:29:18,358 --> 00:29:21,094 So the main thing I'm advocating for is around transparency. 734 00:29:21,194 --> 00:29:22,729 Because one of the problems today is because 735 00:29:22,829 --> 00:29:24,865 -Facebook is the only one that holds the cards... -Mm-hmm. 736 00:29:24,965 --> 00:29:26,233 ...like, they can see... they can see whether or not 737 00:29:26,333 --> 00:29:28,535 they're holding, you know, a royal flush or not. 738 00:29:28,635 --> 00:29:30,103 -Right. -What they claim. 739 00:29:30,203 --> 00:29:31,371 Um, we need to move to a world 740 00:29:31,471 --> 00:29:33,306 where we have more access to data. 741 00:29:33,406 --> 00:29:34,741 And that can be aggregate data. 742 00:29:34,774 --> 00:29:36,176 It can be privacy-sensitive data. 743 00:29:36,276 --> 00:29:38,311 It doesn't have to, you know, expose people. It's not... 744 00:29:38,411 --> 00:29:41,281 -It's a false choice of privacy versus transparency. -Right. 745 00:29:41,381 --> 00:29:43,650 And once we have the ability to have conversations, 746 00:29:43,750 --> 00:29:46,586 we can stop talking about boogie man social media... 747 00:29:46,753 --> 00:29:48,755 -I see. -...and we start having conversations 748 00:29:48,788 --> 00:29:50,023 on how do we solve these problems. 749 00:29:50,123 --> 00:29:51,491 I think what we need to do, 750 00:29:51,591 --> 00:29:53,393 and this is what I'm gonna spend 2022 doing, 751 00:29:53,493 --> 00:29:55,328 is we need to start organizing people. 752 00:29:55,428 --> 00:29:57,931 Like, I want to plant a youth-directed movement 753 00:29:58,031 --> 00:29:59,833 where we can begin putting pressure on Facebook 754 00:29:59,933 --> 00:30:01,835 -to release this information. -Mm-hmm. 755 00:30:01,935 --> 00:30:03,837 Because I don't think Facebook is just gonna do it 756 00:30:03,937 --> 00:30:05,405 automatically out of the goodness of its heart. 757 00:30:05,505 --> 00:30:07,507 -Right. Right. -We have to force them to. 758 00:30:07,607 --> 00:30:09,276 And I think there's lots and lots of opportunities 759 00:30:09,376 --> 00:30:11,111 where we can begin putting pressure on them, 760 00:30:11,211 --> 00:30:12,612 either socially or financially. 761 00:30:12,712 --> 00:30:14,614 -Yeah. -As a user of social media, 762 00:30:14,714 --> 00:30:16,550 as a person who speaks to all my friends on social media, 763 00:30:16,716 --> 00:30:18,451 and I have my enemies on social media, 764 00:30:18,552 --> 00:30:20,487 I appreciate this conversation 'cause I think, um, 765 00:30:20,587 --> 00:30:22,722 -Yeah. -...if we're not careful, we end up in a world 766 00:30:22,789 --> 00:30:25,625 where we're all fighting really just because 767 00:30:25,725 --> 00:30:27,894 an algorithm is trying to make us fight half of those fights. 768 00:30:27,994 --> 00:30:30,397 -Mm-hmm. -I've noticed even with the show, 769 00:30:30,497 --> 00:30:34,167 -if I say a thing on the show... -Mm-hmm. Mm. 770 00:30:34,267 --> 00:30:36,503 This'd be, like, the most interesting thing for me, is, 771 00:30:36,603 --> 00:30:38,939 depending on what I say, 772 00:30:39,039 --> 00:30:40,740 -Facebook sends that to different people. -Ooh. 773 00:30:40,807 --> 00:30:42,475 -One time we had on the show where... -That's a real thing. 774 00:30:42,576 --> 00:30:44,010 One... Yeah. One time we had on the show 775 00:30:44,110 --> 00:30:46,813 where, um, literally I'd laid out both arguments. 776 00:30:46,913 --> 00:30:49,049 -I said, "Here's one way to see it." -Yeah. 777 00:30:49,149 --> 00:30:50,584 "Here's another way to see it." 778 00:30:50,750 --> 00:30:53,653 -But then, on Facebook, only one way went to each group. -Yeah. 779 00:30:53,753 --> 00:30:55,288 -Yeah. Mm-hmm. -And I was fascinated by that. 780 00:30:55,388 --> 00:30:56,790 'Cause then people are like, "Why didn't you say it 781 00:30:56,890 --> 00:30:58,491 the other way?" I was like, "But that's exactly what I said." 782 00:30:58,592 --> 00:31:00,327 They're like, "Oh, well, I didn't see that." 783 00:31:00,427 --> 00:31:02,329 -And then you realize... You know? -Yeah. 784 00:31:02,429 --> 00:31:03,897 So, one of the things that happens is, um, 785 00:31:03,997 --> 00:31:05,799 so let's say you take a video clip. 786 00:31:05,899 --> 00:31:08,168 So let's say you have, out of any given one of your shows, 787 00:31:08,268 --> 00:31:11,471 people go and put on YouTube lots of different little chunks. 788 00:31:11,571 --> 00:31:14,040 People can re-seed those onto Facebook over and over again, 789 00:31:14,140 --> 00:31:15,709 -and they do. -Right, right. 790 00:31:15,742 --> 00:31:17,510 And each time that enters into Facebook-- 791 00:31:17,611 --> 00:31:19,846 you know, someone posts it to a group, someone does this-- 792 00:31:19,946 --> 00:31:21,715 it enters into the network in a different way. 793 00:31:21,748 --> 00:31:24,184 And the algorithm begins picking up data on that, 794 00:31:24,284 --> 00:31:25,886 and it says: Oh, interesting, 795 00:31:25,986 --> 00:31:28,555 like, these kinds of people engage, these ones don't. 796 00:31:28,722 --> 00:31:30,524 And so, and because it's entering 797 00:31:30,624 --> 00:31:32,893 from so many different points, it actually gets a chance 798 00:31:32,993 --> 00:31:34,828 to learn what kinds of people or communities 799 00:31:34,928 --> 00:31:36,296 it engages the most with. 800 00:31:36,396 --> 00:31:38,365 And so that echo chamber is real. 801 00:31:38,465 --> 00:31:41,368 -Like, the algorithm pulls us towards homogeneity. -Yes. 802 00:31:41,468 --> 00:31:45,005 It's almost like Facebook knows 803 00:31:45,105 --> 00:31:47,007 that you react most to your neighbor 804 00:31:47,107 --> 00:31:48,341 when they play loud music. 805 00:31:48,441 --> 00:31:50,043 -(laughs) -There's no reaction from you 806 00:31:50,143 --> 00:31:51,511 when your neighbor's doing other things, 807 00:31:51,611 --> 00:31:53,280 but when your neighbor plays loud music, 808 00:31:53,380 --> 00:31:54,848 that's when you react-- so then Facebook goes, 809 00:31:54,948 --> 00:31:57,017 -"I'm just gonna..." -It's even worse than that, actually. 810 00:31:57,117 --> 00:31:59,553 -How can it be worse? -Imagine there's music that you like, 811 00:31:59,653 --> 00:32:02,189 -and there's music you don't like. -Oh, wow. 812 00:32:02,289 --> 00:32:03,890 It actually knows you really don't like, 813 00:32:03,990 --> 00:32:05,492 -I don't know, reggaeton or something. -Oh, wow. 814 00:32:05,592 --> 00:32:07,627 -And one of the things that's, like, really sad is, um, -Okay. 815 00:32:07,727 --> 00:32:09,362 one of the things that was in the documents 816 00:32:09,462 --> 00:32:11,264 is that people talk about, um, 817 00:32:11,364 --> 00:32:13,166 especially people from marginalized communities, 818 00:32:13,266 --> 00:32:17,771 that they will go and correct people who are spreading, um, 819 00:32:17,871 --> 00:32:21,141 you know, racist, sexist, homophobic comments, 820 00:32:21,241 --> 00:32:23,143 and guess what, now Facebook knows you engage 821 00:32:23,243 --> 00:32:25,545 -with these keywords... -So they send you more of that. 822 00:32:25,645 --> 00:32:27,514 -And so they send more of it. -Yeah. Yeah. 823 00:32:27,614 --> 00:32:29,182 I didn't know they were doing that... 824 00:32:29,282 --> 00:32:31,818 They don't do it on purpose. It's a side effect. 825 00:32:31,918 --> 00:32:34,054 -It's a side effect of the way the algorithm works. -Yep. Yep. 826 00:32:34,154 --> 00:32:35,856 So the algorithm is designed to get 827 00:32:35,956 --> 00:32:37,290 as much engagement as possible, 828 00:32:37,390 --> 00:32:38,692 and then engagement, unfortunately, 829 00:32:38,792 --> 00:32:41,528 means you're more likely-- there's a car accident, 830 00:32:41,628 --> 00:32:43,697 -I'm going to engage. -Yeah. Yeah. 831 00:32:43,797 --> 00:32:46,199 Or more of, um, if they had an option of showing you a stream 832 00:32:46,299 --> 00:32:48,568 of different things, they know you gawk at car accidents, 833 00:32:48,668 --> 00:32:50,070 so they show you more. 834 00:32:50,170 --> 00:32:52,472 Man. This is hard, because on the one hand, I go like, 835 00:32:52,572 --> 00:32:54,374 well, I need to stop looking at car accidents, 836 00:32:54,474 --> 00:32:56,409 -but the brain is the brain. -It's the brain. 837 00:32:56,509 --> 00:32:59,646 You know, if all the-- AI is not intelligent. 838 00:32:59,746 --> 00:33:01,781 -Right? We like to say Artificial Intelligence. -Yes. 839 00:33:01,882 --> 00:33:03,984 But the people who actually study it 840 00:33:04,084 --> 00:33:06,219 call it "machine learning," because it's not intelligent. 841 00:33:06,319 --> 00:33:08,555 It's just a hill climber. Optimizing. 842 00:33:08,655 --> 00:33:11,525 And, you know, think of all the different pieces of content 843 00:33:11,625 --> 00:33:13,393 -you've been exposed to. -Mm-hmm. 844 00:33:13,493 --> 00:33:16,763 Uh, it's not trying to show you the most extreme content. 845 00:33:16,796 --> 00:33:19,566 It happens to be, to fulfill its goal function, 846 00:33:19,666 --> 00:33:22,502 -it mindlessly pushes you towards them. -I understand. 847 00:33:22,602 --> 00:33:25,772 And so this is about Facebook making choices to not fix it. 848 00:33:25,872 --> 00:33:27,774 Facebook has lots and lots of options that... 849 00:33:27,874 --> 00:33:29,910 They're letting the machine run wild. 850 00:33:30,010 --> 00:33:31,912 They're letting the machine run wild. 851 00:33:32,012 --> 00:33:33,380 -Money. -Money. 852 00:33:33,480 --> 00:33:34,481 That's what it is. 853 00:33:34,581 --> 00:33:36,249 Thank you so much for being here. 854 00:33:36,349 --> 00:33:37,784 This has really been enlightening. 855 00:33:37,817 --> 00:33:40,053 -Good luck on the rest of your journey. -Thank you so much. 856 00:33:40,153 --> 00:33:43,290 If you want to learn more about Frances's advocacy work, 857 00:33:43,390 --> 00:33:45,458 then you can go to franceshaugen.com. 858 00:33:45,559 --> 00:33:46,893 We're gonna take a quick break, 859 00:33:46,993 --> 00:33:48,962 but we'll be right back after this. 860 00:33:50,864 --> 00:33:52,298 Well, that's our show for tonight, but before we go-- 861 00:33:52,399 --> 00:33:54,868 please consider supporting Young, Black & Lit. 862 00:33:54,968 --> 00:33:57,437 They're an organization that sources and distributes 863 00:33:57,537 --> 00:34:00,006 new books featuring Black main characters 864 00:34:00,106 --> 00:34:02,108 to elementary and middle schools at no cost. 865 00:34:02,208 --> 00:34:04,244 So if you want to support them in their work 866 00:34:04,344 --> 00:34:05,812 promoting access to children's books 867 00:34:05,912 --> 00:34:07,714 that reflect the experiences of Black children, 868 00:34:07,814 --> 00:34:10,417 then please donate at the link below. 869 00:34:10,517 --> 00:34:12,052 Until tomorrow, stay safe out there, 870 00:34:12,152 --> 00:34:13,987 get your vaccine, and remember, 871 00:34:14,087 --> 00:34:17,023 they can hack the Bitcoins in your digital wallets, 872 00:34:17,123 --> 00:34:20,760 but they can't hack the Bitcoins in your hearts. 873 00:34:20,860 --> 00:34:23,897 Now, here it is, Your Moment of Zen. 874 00:34:23,997 --> 00:34:27,434 Not only do we have the DC jail, which is the DC gulag, 875 00:34:27,534 --> 00:34:30,403 but now we have Nancy Pelosi's gazpacho police 876 00:34:30,503 --> 00:34:32,572 spying on members of Congress, 877 00:34:32,672 --> 00:34:34,674 spying on the legislative work that we do, 878 00:34:34,774 --> 00:34:37,944 spying on our staff and spying on American citizens 879 00:34:38,044 --> 00:34:41,181 that want to come talk to their representatives.