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Valentine's Day's coming up.
I wish all of you
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00:00:02,536 --> 00:00:04,538
a happy, happy Valentine's.
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May it be blissful,
may it be peaceful,
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and may it be filled
with whatever you need.
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That's what we say back home.
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Valentine's
is a very important day
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in South Africa.
We celebrate it in church.
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Has nothing to do with, like,
like, sex and romance.
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You go to church,
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00:00:21,054 --> 00:00:23,223
and then you pray
about sex and romance.
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(laughs)
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You know, what's crazy
about Valentine's Day
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is that it's based
on Saint Valentine.
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Like, you know what I mean?
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Like, it's, like,
the saint of Valentine's Day.
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And do you ever think
about, like, how shitty it is
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for certain saints? Like,
what they have to look after?
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Do you know what I mean?
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'Cause, like,
some saints have cool things.
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Saint Christopher,
the saint of travel.
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Saint... (kisses)
Look after me
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as I take on
this treacherous journey.
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Please, Saint Christopher.
(kisses) Look after me.
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Saint Sebastian,
the saint of martyrdom.
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You're going to die.
You're gonna give up your life.
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Saint Sebastian.
(kisses)
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Look after my soul
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as I give my life up
for a great cause.
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Saint Valentine.
(kisses)
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Saint Valentine.
Yo, man, can you help me
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find chocolate at CVS?
(kisses)
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Please, man.
Let me figure out the aisle,
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'cause I'm trying
to smash tonight, yo.
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(kisses)
And the cheap chocolates,
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not those, like,
super expensive Belgian ones.
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(kisses) Just good enough that
she thinks I thought about her
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ahead of time.
(kisses)
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All right, Saint Valentine.
Thanks, my dude. (kisses)
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ANNOUNCER: Coming to you
from the heart of Times Square
40
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in New York City,
the only city in America,
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00:01:25,786 --> 00:01:27,988
it's The Daily Show.
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Tonight, roads are racist,
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reading up for Valentine's Day,
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00:01:33,927 --> 00:01:36,730
and Frances Haugen.
45
00:01:36,830 --> 00:01:41,268
This is
The Daily Show with Trevor Noah.
46
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Hey! What's going on, everybody?
47
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Welcome to The Daily Show.
I'm Trevor Noah.
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Let's just straight
into today's headlines.
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♪ ♪
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We kick things off with Bitcoin,
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the only money that doesn't
have slaveholders on it.
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One of the advantages
of cryptocurrency
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00:01:57,117 --> 00:02:00,187
was supposed to be
how it was secure from theft.
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00:02:00,287 --> 00:02:03,056
And I would explain why,
but instead,
55
00:02:03,156 --> 00:02:05,626
just ask that one dude
at the next party you go to.
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00:02:05,726 --> 00:02:08,128
He'll be very happy
to go into great detail.
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00:02:08,228 --> 00:02:10,364
But despite the super security
of crypto,
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00:02:10,464 --> 00:02:11,698
there have, unfortunately,
59
00:02:11,798 --> 00:02:14,535
been some major crypto heists
over the years.
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And the same technology
that makes it hard to steal
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00:02:17,104 --> 00:02:21,074
also makes the perpetrators
extremely hard to catch.
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00:02:21,175 --> 00:02:25,078
Hard but not impossible.
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NEWSWOMAN: This morning,
the Justice Department
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announcing the largest
single seizure of funds
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in the department's history.
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00:02:30,584 --> 00:02:33,654
Investigators say hackers broke
into an online currency exchange
67
00:02:33,754 --> 00:02:37,424
back in 2016,
stealing 120,000 Bitcoin,
68
00:02:37,524 --> 00:02:40,761
which, at the time,
was worth $71 million.
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00:02:40,861 --> 00:02:45,232
But today, it's worth
a staggering $4.5 billion.
70
00:02:45,332 --> 00:02:47,601
Ilya Lichtenstein
and his wife, Heather Morgan,
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00:02:47,701 --> 00:02:49,269
are charged
with laundering Bitcoin
72
00:02:49,369 --> 00:02:52,372
tied to the hack using thousands
of small transitions
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00:02:52,472 --> 00:02:54,575
and accounts
set up with fake IDs.
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00:02:54,675 --> 00:02:58,545
Holy shit.
Four and a half billion dollars
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00:02:58,645 --> 00:03:00,914
in stolen Bitcoin.
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This is huge.
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You realize... You realize
there's 330 million people
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00:03:06,186 --> 00:03:07,254
in the United States,
79
00:03:07,354 --> 00:03:10,824
and that's $4.5 billion.
80
00:03:10,924 --> 00:03:14,928
So that means you could give
each person in the U.S.
81
00:03:15,062 --> 00:03:17,531
te-ten...
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00:03:17,631 --> 00:03:19,066
♪ ♪
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If you... Five...
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You could give everyone
some money.
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And by the way, you might think
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that everyone who uses Bitcoin
would be happy
87
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that the police were able
to track down the stolen crypto,
88
00:03:33,180 --> 00:03:34,281
but it turns out no.
89
00:03:34,381 --> 00:03:35,983
Turns out
a lot of the crypto community
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actually took this as bad news
91
00:03:37,784 --> 00:03:40,787
because cryptocurrency
is supposed to be anonymous.
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00:03:40,888 --> 00:03:42,956
And if the FBI can trace Bitcoin
93
00:03:43,090 --> 00:03:44,491
to someone
who might have stolen it,
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what's to stop them
from tracking innocent people
95
00:03:47,127 --> 00:03:48,295
who are just using Bitcoin
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00:03:48,395 --> 00:03:50,097
to buy heroin
and automatic weapons?
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00:03:50,197 --> 00:03:51,932
This is scary stuff.
98
00:03:52,099 --> 00:03:54,201
But where some people
see a problem,
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I like to see opportunities.
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00:03:56,136 --> 00:03:57,671
Which is why, my friends,
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I've created
a new form of currency
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that is totally anonymous
and completely untraceable.
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00:04:04,778 --> 00:04:06,313
And it comes
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00:04:06,413 --> 00:04:09,883
with just a little bit
of cocaine on it.
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(sniffs)
So, if you're interested,
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00:04:14,087 --> 00:04:17,824
I'm gonna be selling these
on my website for $50 each.
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00:04:17,925 --> 00:04:19,960
Think it's a steal.
108
00:04:21,161 --> 00:04:22,329
Now, you're probably wondering
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00:04:22,429 --> 00:04:24,231
who are the criminal geniuses
who are part
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00:04:24,331 --> 00:04:26,366
of one of the biggest
financial crimes in history?
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00:04:26,466 --> 00:04:29,570
Well, you know when they say you
should never meet your heroes?
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Yeah. This is why.
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NEWSWOMAN: Lichtenstein,
a U.S. and Russian citizen
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00:04:34,575 --> 00:04:37,811
is described in a profile online
as a tech entrepreneur.
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00:04:37,911 --> 00:04:40,113
And according to Morgan's
social media profiles,
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00:04:40,214 --> 00:04:43,083
she's a serial entrepreneur
and a part-time rapper.
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In one of her songs,
Morgan calls herself
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"the infamous crocodile
of Wall Street."
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♪ I'm many things ♪
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♪ A rapper, an economist ♪
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♪ A journalist,
a writer, a CEO. ♪
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I know what you're thinking.
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The Bitcoin crimes are nothing
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00:04:57,164 --> 00:04:59,299
compared
to calling this shit rap.
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What was that?
♪ A rapper ♪
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♪ An economist, a jour... ♪
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00:05:02,569 --> 00:05:05,305
Yo, rap is not just,
like, saying wo... (sighs)
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What is that?
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00:05:07,407 --> 00:05:08,909
And, also,
even if you are a rapper,
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00:05:09,042 --> 00:05:10,777
you know it's never a good sign
for your rap career
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00:05:10,878 --> 00:05:13,046
when you're listing
all your other jobs in a song.
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00:05:13,080 --> 00:05:15,048
You're just a rapper. This
person's running around, like,
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♪ Yo, yo, yo, this definitely
doesn't pay the bills ♪
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00:05:18,085 --> 00:05:20,053
♪ I have to do a bunch
of other things ♪
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00:05:20,153 --> 00:05:23,257
♪ 'Cause, as you can tell,
no one would pay for this. ♪
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00:05:23,357 --> 00:05:26,059
And this wasn't
a once-off crime, by the way.
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00:05:26,159 --> 00:05:28,295
The rap video,
not-not the money.
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00:05:28,395 --> 00:05:31,532
This woman, it turns out,
has been spitting wet fire
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00:05:31,632 --> 00:05:34,134
everywhere that she's
been given a chance.
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00:05:56,490 --> 00:05:59,560
Please, Jesus, I beg you, no mo.
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00:05:59,660 --> 00:06:01,562
Like, what... What is she...
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Which rap is she listening to
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00:06:03,197 --> 00:06:04,731
that she thought that
that was a reference for rap?
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00:06:04,831 --> 00:06:06,099
That's what I want to know.
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00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:07,868
Like, where was she listening
to rap and she's like,
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00:06:08,035 --> 00:06:09,069
"I could do that.
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00:06:09,169 --> 00:06:11,038
I'm gonna go and do
the exact same thing."
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00:06:11,104 --> 00:06:13,240
♪ No, no, yo-yo! ♪
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00:06:13,340 --> 00:06:14,842
Imagine if you were sitting
next to her in a room,
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00:06:14,942 --> 00:06:16,743
what are you thinking is--
"Are you okay in there?!"
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00:06:16,844 --> 00:06:18,745
(chuckling)
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Here's a tip--
kids, if you want to look cool
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00:06:21,114 --> 00:06:22,549
while doing your rap,
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don't read your lyrics
off to the side.
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00:06:25,219 --> 00:06:26,653
Practice and learn the thing.
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00:06:26,753 --> 00:06:28,422
'Cause, otherwise,
it sort of eliminates your swag.
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The whole time,
she's, like, doing this
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to catch the next... rhyme
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that's ditto.
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You can't do that.
No rapper would have succeed--
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00:06:35,262 --> 00:06:37,064
Can you imagine if Tupac
was reading his rhymes off
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on the side?
♪ You claim to be a player ♪
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00:06:39,066 --> 00:06:40,934
♪ But I f... just... screw ♪
S-Sorry, guys.
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00:06:41,068 --> 00:06:43,170
♪ Screwed your wife,
we bust on the Bad... ♪
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Can we get a--
can we get a different font?
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If you have four-- five--
$4.5 billion,
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why are you on TikTok?
What are you doing on TikTok?
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00:06:50,410 --> 00:06:53,313
Huh? The whole point of being
on TikTok is to get followers
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00:06:53,413 --> 00:06:55,082
so that you can get paid
so you can be rich enough
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00:06:55,182 --> 00:06:57,317
so you don't have to be
on TikTok anymore.
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00:06:57,417 --> 00:06:58,852
No one wants to be on TikTok.
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00:06:58,952 --> 00:07:01,588
You think
Shaq is dancing for fun?
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00:07:01,688 --> 00:07:04,725
That man has danced--
Look at the pain in his eyes!
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00:07:04,825 --> 00:07:06,927
They're coming for his family.
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00:07:08,328 --> 00:07:09,696
I'll never understand
how people are smart enough
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00:07:09,796 --> 00:07:11,331
to commit the biggest crimes
but then dumb enough
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00:07:11,431 --> 00:07:13,400
to never get away with it.
I mean...
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00:07:13,500 --> 00:07:14,835
like...
(sighs)
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00:07:14,935 --> 00:07:16,203
there's a better way
to do this crime.
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And I'm not trying
to give anyone advice
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00:07:17,871 --> 00:07:19,173
on how to do crime.
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Please, I'm not giving advice.
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00:07:21,041 --> 00:07:22,676
But here's the thing.
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00:07:22,776 --> 00:07:26,280
If you steal crypto, don't just
keep it all in one place, yo.
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00:07:26,380 --> 00:07:28,415
What you got to do is break it
up into multiple wallets.
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00:07:28,515 --> 00:07:31,051
You keep those wallets offline
in separate drives, right?
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00:07:31,118 --> 00:07:33,287
Then you make sure that
your keys are not in the cloud
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00:07:33,387 --> 00:07:34,454
or written down anywhere.
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Then you move to a country
that doesn't have
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00:07:36,390 --> 00:07:38,125
any extradition laws to the U.S.
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Then you launder
the money slowly
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00:07:40,160 --> 00:07:42,930
using other crypto or NFTs.
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00:07:43,063 --> 00:07:47,401
And, again, I'm not giving
advice on doing crime.
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♪ This has been Trevor's Advice
on Doing Crime. ♪
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00:07:50,771 --> 00:07:53,240
All right,
let's move on to our top story.
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One of President Biden's
biggest accomplishments so far,
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00:07:56,076 --> 00:07:58,946
I mean, aside from allowing
students to keep their debt,
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00:07:59,079 --> 00:08:01,315
has been
the infrastructure package.
199
00:08:01,415 --> 00:08:03,483
It's a $1.2 trillion law
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00:08:03,584 --> 00:08:05,452
that's gonna help rebuild roads,
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00:08:05,552 --> 00:08:07,621
expand access
to clean drinking water,
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00:08:07,721 --> 00:08:11,091
and finally get around
to adding all the other colors
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00:08:11,191 --> 00:08:12,492
to stoplights.
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00:08:12,593 --> 00:08:13,794
And while most
of the infrastructure package
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00:08:13,894 --> 00:08:15,529
was pretty uncontroversial,
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00:08:15,629 --> 00:08:18,532
there was one thing that
was buried deep in the package
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00:08:18,632 --> 00:08:21,101
that has actually got
a lot of people riled up.
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00:08:21,201 --> 00:08:23,704
NEWSMAN: Democrats,
led by President Biden,
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00:08:23,804 --> 00:08:26,507
say now is the time
to build back better.
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00:08:26,607 --> 00:08:29,409
But leaders don't just want
to build and update roads.
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00:08:29,510 --> 00:08:32,779
In some cases,
they want highways torn down.
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00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:35,716
Democrats would like to provide
funding to tear down highways
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00:08:35,816 --> 00:08:38,719
that had a damaging effect
on urban minority communities.
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00:08:38,819 --> 00:08:42,055
There is racism physically built
into some of our highways.
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00:08:42,155 --> 00:08:45,626
And that's why the jobs plan has
dollars specifically committed
216
00:08:45,726 --> 00:08:49,096
to reconnect some of the
communities that were divided.
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00:08:49,196 --> 00:08:50,697
NEWSMAN 2: Critics though
slamming the secretary
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00:08:50,797 --> 00:08:52,900
after he said
Biden's infrastructure bill
219
00:08:53,066 --> 00:08:55,335
would address racism
in highways.
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00:08:55,435 --> 00:08:57,137
I guess now,
according to Democrats,
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00:08:57,237 --> 00:08:58,939
roads are now racist
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00:08:59,072 --> 00:09:00,774
and you need to apologize
for it.
223
00:09:00,874 --> 00:09:02,276
Roads can't be racist.
224
00:09:02,376 --> 00:09:04,077
You can't build racism
into a road.
225
00:09:04,178 --> 00:09:06,280
Roads are made of sand
and gravel and asphalt.
226
00:09:06,380 --> 00:09:07,581
Ask any road builder.
227
00:09:07,681 --> 00:09:09,816
Roads cannot be racist
any more than toasters
228
00:09:09,917 --> 00:09:11,818
or sectional couches
can be racist.
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00:09:11,919 --> 00:09:14,154
They are inanimate objects.
They're not alive.
230
00:09:14,254 --> 00:09:18,592
Okay, first of all,
toasters can totally be racist.
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00:09:18,692 --> 00:09:21,028
Yeah. I can't even count
how many times
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00:09:21,094 --> 00:09:22,796
I've put a piece of white bread
into a toaster,
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00:09:22,896 --> 00:09:24,431
and it came out
wearing blackface.
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00:09:24,531 --> 00:09:27,067
That shit wasn't cool.
235
00:09:27,167 --> 00:09:28,602
But yes, look, the idea
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00:09:28,702 --> 00:09:31,104
that highways can be racist has
completely blown the minds
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00:09:31,205 --> 00:09:33,640
over at Fox News, and I get why.
I get why.
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00:09:33,740 --> 00:09:36,243
I mean, I get why
Tucker is so puzzled by this.
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00:09:36,343 --> 00:09:38,245
If highways were racist,
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00:09:38,345 --> 00:09:40,881
then, surely they would have
been a guest on his show by now.
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00:09:41,048 --> 00:09:43,183
It must be very confusing
for him.
242
00:09:43,283 --> 00:09:45,052
But there is actually
a real explanation
243
00:09:45,152 --> 00:09:47,254
for why Pete Buttigieg is so mad
about America's roads.
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00:09:47,354 --> 00:09:48,722
And it's not just because
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00:09:48,822 --> 00:09:50,157
he keeps failing
his driver's ed test.
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00:09:50,257 --> 00:09:51,725
No, there's another reason.
247
00:09:51,825 --> 00:09:54,595
So let's find out why
in another installment of
248
00:09:54,695 --> 00:09:56,730
"If You Don't Know,
Now You Know."
249
00:09:56,830 --> 00:09:59,433
♪ ♪
250
00:10:04,438 --> 00:10:07,307
Highways.
They are the vital arteries
251
00:10:07,407 --> 00:10:09,042
that crisscross America,
252
00:10:09,142 --> 00:10:12,045
helping the country's truckers
transport goods,
253
00:10:12,145 --> 00:10:15,015
its workers commute
to and from the office,
254
00:10:15,115 --> 00:10:18,619
and its O.J.s flee the LAPD.
255
00:10:18,719 --> 00:10:20,220
But what you may not know is
256
00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:22,623
that when America first started
building its highway system
257
00:10:22,723 --> 00:10:25,225
back in the 1950s,
people were often forced
258
00:10:25,325 --> 00:10:27,494
to leave their homes
to make room
259
00:10:27,594 --> 00:10:29,396
for all these fancy new roads.
260
00:10:29,496 --> 00:10:34,835
And guess which people
were moved the most. Guess.
261
00:10:34,935 --> 00:10:36,236
NEWSWOMAN:
The Federal Aid Highway Act
262
00:10:36,336 --> 00:10:39,406
of 1956 was one the largest
public works projects
263
00:10:39,506 --> 00:10:40,908
in American history.
264
00:10:41,008 --> 00:10:43,677
It added 41,000 miles
to our interstate system.
265
00:10:43,777 --> 00:10:45,679
NEWSMAN: Pretty much every major
city in the country-- New York,
266
00:10:45,779 --> 00:10:48,282
D.C., San Francisco,
Philadelphia, you have
267
00:10:48,382 --> 00:10:50,651
major highways cutting
through neighborhoods,
268
00:10:50,751 --> 00:10:51,885
requiring the demolition of lots
269
00:10:51,985 --> 00:10:53,554
of housing and other sorts
of buildings.
270
00:10:53,654 --> 00:10:54,821
That as they're thinking about
271
00:10:54,922 --> 00:10:56,256
where they're gonna drop
highways
272
00:10:56,356 --> 00:10:58,392
and destroy neighborhoods,
they invariably single out
273
00:10:58,492 --> 00:11:00,561
what they see
as the worst neighborhoods
274
00:11:00,661 --> 00:11:01,962
in their communities.
275
00:11:02,062 --> 00:11:03,397
NEWSMAN 3:
It became a pattern in cities
276
00:11:03,497 --> 00:11:05,899
across the country.
Poorer and minority residents
277
00:11:06,066 --> 00:11:07,801
were displaced
to make way for highways,
278
00:11:07,901 --> 00:11:09,903
and white residents used
those highways to commute
279
00:11:10,070 --> 00:11:12,339
into the city for jobs and
commute back home at night.
280
00:11:12,439 --> 00:11:14,074
NEWSMAN 4:
Planners had an uncanny ability
281
00:11:14,174 --> 00:11:16,109
to pick out
the Black neighborhoods.
282
00:11:16,210 --> 00:11:19,580
The route for I-94 in St. Paul
displaced one in seven
283
00:11:19,680 --> 00:11:21,982
of the city's Black residents.
284
00:11:22,082 --> 00:11:23,817
"Very few Blacks were living
in Minnesota,"
285
00:11:23,917 --> 00:11:26,787
one critic noted, "but the
road builders found them."
286
00:11:26,887 --> 00:11:28,322
Yeah, that's right.
287
00:11:28,422 --> 00:11:32,092
Highway I-94 could have been
anywhere in Minnesota,
288
00:11:32,192 --> 00:11:35,329
but it just happened to displace
the very few Black people
289
00:11:35,429 --> 00:11:37,231
living in Minnesota.
290
00:11:37,331 --> 00:11:39,299
More commonly known
as the Minnesota Timberwolves.
291
00:11:39,399 --> 00:11:41,201
And look, don't get me wrong.
Don't get me wrong.
292
00:11:41,301 --> 00:11:43,403
These highways had
to go somewhere, right?
293
00:11:43,504 --> 00:11:46,373
I'm not saying "no highways,"
but more often than not,
294
00:11:46,473 --> 00:11:49,843
that somewhere was right through
a Black neighborhood.
295
00:11:49,943 --> 00:11:52,179
Because you see,
rich white neighborhoods--
296
00:11:52,279 --> 00:11:54,214
they didn't allow this
to happen to them.
297
00:11:54,314 --> 00:11:57,117
But brown and Black families
didn't have any political power
298
00:11:57,150 --> 00:11:58,886
to stop it.
299
00:11:58,986 --> 00:12:00,621
I mean what were they going
to do? Take to the streets?
300
00:12:00,721 --> 00:12:03,423
It was impossible.
They hadn't been built yet.
301
00:12:03,524 --> 00:12:05,626
And look, Black people are used
to being displaced
302
00:12:05,726 --> 00:12:07,294
by gentrification, even today.
303
00:12:07,394 --> 00:12:08,896
But at least when that happens,
304
00:12:09,062 --> 00:12:11,265
they get to enjoy Shake Shack
for a few months first.
305
00:12:11,365 --> 00:12:12,733
These highways,
on the other hand--
306
00:12:12,833 --> 00:12:15,502
they didn't provide any
improvement to the neighborhood.
307
00:12:15,602 --> 00:12:16,970
They slashed a hole through it.
308
00:12:17,070 --> 00:12:18,372
And whatever was left
309
00:12:18,472 --> 00:12:21,642
of that neighborhood just
withered and died.
310
00:12:21,742 --> 00:12:22,876
NEWSMAN: From the beginning,
the Rondo neighborhood
311
00:12:22,976 --> 00:12:25,279
was a haven for people of color.
312
00:12:25,379 --> 00:12:28,081
At its peak,
from the '30s to the '50s,
313
00:12:28,148 --> 00:12:31,084
it had Black-owned
grocery stores, credit unions
314
00:12:31,185 --> 00:12:32,686
and social clubs.
315
00:12:32,786 --> 00:12:36,356
During construction
from 1956 to 1968,
316
00:12:36,456 --> 00:12:40,093
Rondo lost 700 houses,
300 businesses,
317
00:12:40,194 --> 00:12:43,463
and the population declined
by 61%.
318
00:12:43,564 --> 00:12:46,333
NEWSWOMAN: In Florida, Overtown
was the center of Black Miami.
319
00:12:46,433 --> 00:12:48,836
The I-95 tore through
the neighborhood,
320
00:12:48,936 --> 00:12:50,137
wiping out countless homes
321
00:12:50,237 --> 00:12:52,539
as well as its thriving
business district.
322
00:12:52,639 --> 00:12:56,276
Kansas City, Chicago, Boston,
Detroit, New York City,
323
00:12:56,376 --> 00:12:59,880
Montgomery, Los Angeles.
The list goes on and on.
324
00:13:00,047 --> 00:13:01,548
Man, it's actually
pretty heartbreaking to see
325
00:13:01,648 --> 00:13:03,050
how devastating
these highways were
326
00:13:03,116 --> 00:13:06,153
for the Black communities
that they ran through.
327
00:13:06,253 --> 00:13:08,722
Streets that were once filled
with Black people
328
00:13:08,822 --> 00:13:12,326
are still empty to this day.
329
00:13:12,426 --> 00:13:14,228
And of course, of course
these communities crumbled
330
00:13:14,328 --> 00:13:15,896
once a highway ran through it.
331
00:13:16,063 --> 00:13:18,098
I mean, highways, think
of all the things they bring.
332
00:13:18,198 --> 00:13:20,434
Highways bring noise,
they bring pollution,
333
00:13:20,534 --> 00:13:23,203
and if you're really unlucky,
spontaneous musical numbers.
334
00:13:23,303 --> 00:13:25,205
I'm trying to get to work!
335
00:13:25,305 --> 00:13:27,474
I mean, have you ever looked
on the side of a highway
336
00:13:27,574 --> 00:13:28,709
and thought to yourself:
337
00:13:28,809 --> 00:13:31,111
Yeah, that looks like
a nice place to live.
338
00:13:31,211 --> 00:13:32,513
No. You probably thought:
339
00:13:32,613 --> 00:13:34,515
I wonder if I could use
the bathroom in that gas station
340
00:13:34,615 --> 00:13:36,316
without being murdered.
341
00:13:36,416 --> 00:13:38,085
And the fact that they destroyed
Black neighborhoods
342
00:13:38,151 --> 00:13:39,553
wasn't the only racist thing
343
00:13:39,653 --> 00:13:41,321
about how highways
were designed.
344
00:13:41,421 --> 00:13:44,157
You see, around the time
the highways were being built,
345
00:13:44,258 --> 00:13:47,961
segregation laws were
being struck down in America.
346
00:13:48,095 --> 00:13:49,730
But, lucky for the racists,
347
00:13:49,830 --> 00:13:53,166
they didn't need the laws
to enforce segregation,
348
00:13:53,267 --> 00:13:56,436
because now the highways
did it for them.
349
00:13:56,537 --> 00:13:58,839
NARRATOR: Infrastructure didn't
just break up Black communities,
350
00:13:58,939 --> 00:14:00,641
it reinforced segregation.
351
00:14:00,741 --> 00:14:03,043
The 1938 Federal Housing
Administration
352
00:14:03,143 --> 00:14:05,445
Underwriting Manual
said an artificial barrier,
353
00:14:05,546 --> 00:14:07,881
like a highway,
could protect a neighborhood
354
00:14:08,048 --> 00:14:09,883
from "adverse influences,"
355
00:14:10,050 --> 00:14:12,553
like "inharmonious
racial groups."
356
00:14:12,653 --> 00:14:15,122
They laid the interstate down
right on the black-white line.
357
00:14:15,222 --> 00:14:18,225
Bam! And what that meant was,
that it would be much harder
358
00:14:18,325 --> 00:14:20,327
to have school integration.
359
00:14:20,427 --> 00:14:22,362
I mean, you couldn't have kids
walking across the interstate,
360
00:14:22,462 --> 00:14:24,064
for heaven's sakes.
361
00:14:24,164 --> 00:14:26,166
NARRATOR: A report from the
Georgia Historical Society says
362
00:14:26,266 --> 00:14:28,569
that while deciding the route
of I-20,
363
00:14:28,669 --> 00:14:31,238
the Atlanta Bureau of Planning
said it would be
364
00:14:31,338 --> 00:14:34,608
the boundary between white and
African American communities.
365
00:14:34,708 --> 00:14:36,577
Because the highways in Atlanta
were laid down
366
00:14:36,677 --> 00:14:39,246
primarily with a regard
to keeping the racists apart,
367
00:14:39,346 --> 00:14:41,849
rather than keeping traffic
moving efficiently,
368
00:14:41,949 --> 00:14:44,618
it laid them down in a way
that, today,
369
00:14:44,718 --> 00:14:47,087
traffic in Atlanta
is incredibly snarled.
370
00:14:47,187 --> 00:14:51,758
I-20 zigzags from east to west
in a route that makes no sense
371
00:14:51,859 --> 00:14:55,896
unless you know it was laid down
with the desire to segregate.
372
00:14:55,996 --> 00:14:58,165
Man, racism is a hell of a drug.
373
00:14:58,265 --> 00:15:00,067
I mean, think about it,
instead of designing
374
00:15:00,167 --> 00:15:03,770
the most efficient highway,
they instead made it zigzag
375
00:15:03,871 --> 00:15:08,809
around the city like
some kind of racist Mario Kart.
376
00:15:08,909 --> 00:15:11,078
Well, if you...
if you're real about it,
377
00:15:11,178 --> 00:15:13,080
Mario Kart is pretty racist.
378
00:15:13,180 --> 00:15:15,549
'Cause in real life, when
Italians get in a car accident,
379
00:15:15,649 --> 00:15:18,886
they don't yell: Mamma mia!
I love-a the spaghetti!
380
00:15:19,052 --> 00:15:20,921
Do you have any insurance
on you?
381
00:15:21,054 --> 00:15:22,923
And, guys,
I don't know about you,
382
00:15:23,056 --> 00:15:27,261
but there is nobody that
I hate more than I hate traffic.
383
00:15:27,361 --> 00:15:30,831
Like, I will literally
shake hands with my worst enemy
384
00:15:30,931 --> 00:15:34,134
if it means I can get where
I'm going 30 minutes faster.
385
00:15:34,234 --> 00:15:36,136
I'm still not friends
with you, Winter,
386
00:15:36,236 --> 00:15:38,305
but at least we're both
gonna get home at 5:00.
387
00:15:38,405 --> 00:15:41,241
And I'll make the sun set
at 5:00.
388
00:15:41,341 --> 00:15:44,811
-Ooh, I hate you so much!
-(laughing)
389
00:15:44,912 --> 00:15:47,614
Oh, can you turn on the AC,
please?
390
00:15:47,714 --> 00:15:51,218
So yes, highways might not be
following Black people
391
00:15:51,318 --> 00:15:54,721
around department stores
or turning them down for loans,
392
00:15:54,821 --> 00:15:57,391
but the way that highways
were built in America
393
00:15:57,491 --> 00:16:00,394
was inarguably racist.
394
00:16:00,494 --> 00:16:03,430
In ways that still affect
American society to this day.
395
00:16:03,530 --> 00:16:05,666
And I know, like, that people
like Tucker and Sean Hannity,
396
00:16:05,766 --> 00:16:07,734
they love to make it seem
like talking
397
00:16:07,835 --> 00:16:09,937
about the racist history
of highways
398
00:16:10,037 --> 00:16:12,439
means that you're somehow
calling people racist today
399
00:16:12,539 --> 00:16:14,441
because they still drive
on those freeways.
400
00:16:14,541 --> 00:16:16,276
Waah, you're a racist,
you're a racist!
401
00:16:16,376 --> 00:16:18,045
No, no, that's not the case.
402
00:16:18,111 --> 00:16:21,548
Nobody's telling you to walk
to your next family vacation.
403
00:16:21,648 --> 00:16:25,118
What we're saying is, if we can
try to understand the history
404
00:16:25,219 --> 00:16:28,188
of how a thing came to be,
then maybe we can figure out
405
00:16:28,288 --> 00:16:32,259
how to make it better when we
build new roads in the future.
406
00:16:32,359 --> 00:16:34,695
And if you don't know,
now you know.
407
00:16:34,795 --> 00:16:36,396
All right, when we come back,
408
00:16:36,496 --> 00:16:39,066
Dulcé Sloan is gonna get us
in the mood
409
00:16:39,132 --> 00:16:42,903
for Valentine's Day.
Oh, yeah.
410
00:16:44,338 --> 00:16:45,706
Welcome back to The Daily Show.
411
00:16:45,806 --> 00:16:48,575
This Monday is Valentine's Day,
412
00:16:48,675 --> 00:16:51,612
the day that will be the reason
couples break up
413
00:16:51,712 --> 00:16:53,146
six months from now.
414
00:16:53,247 --> 00:16:55,883
But for all the people out there
who are already single,
415
00:16:55,983 --> 00:16:57,417
we turn to Dulcé Sloan
416
00:16:57,517 --> 00:17:01,021
for a Valentine's Day episode
of Dul-sayin'.
417
00:17:01,121 --> 00:17:03,156
♪ ♪
418
00:17:07,127 --> 00:17:09,863
Hello, friends.
I want to wish all the couples
419
00:17:09,963 --> 00:17:11,832
a happy Valentine's Day.
420
00:17:11,932 --> 00:17:13,901
I hope you all have
a romantic evening
421
00:17:14,001 --> 00:17:16,136
and your carriage ride
around the park
422
00:17:16,236 --> 00:17:18,305
is filled with horse farts.
423
00:17:18,405 --> 00:17:20,007
I've been single for too long
424
00:17:20,107 --> 00:17:23,176
because, you know, dating apps
are digital dumpster diving.
425
00:17:23,277 --> 00:17:25,812
The only thing
that's got me through it
426
00:17:25,913 --> 00:17:27,214
are romance novels.
427
00:17:27,314 --> 00:17:28,849
Mmm!
(kisses)
428
00:17:28,949 --> 00:17:31,184
But not just any romance novel.
429
00:17:31,285 --> 00:17:33,720
I'm talking
about the unsung heroines
430
00:17:33,820 --> 00:17:36,156
of the erotic:
all the Black women
431
00:17:36,256 --> 00:17:37,591
writing the best ones.
432
00:17:37,691 --> 00:17:41,061
For example, the queen
of Black historical romance,
433
00:17:41,161 --> 00:17:42,529
Beverly Jenkins.
434
00:17:42,629 --> 00:17:45,966
Just check out the passage
from her novel Indigo,
435
00:17:46,066 --> 00:17:49,670
which I imagine is read to me
by Jesse Williams.
436
00:17:49,770 --> 00:17:53,440
"She moved her hands
over the strength of his back,
437
00:17:53,473 --> 00:17:54,875
"kissing him,
438
00:17:54,975 --> 00:17:57,644
"flicking her tongue
against the edges of his lips,
439
00:17:57,744 --> 00:17:59,880
"experimenting with the boldness
440
00:17:59,980 --> 00:18:02,482
"his passion had planted
within her
441
00:18:02,583 --> 00:18:05,819
"while his hands
beneath her gown toured lustily.
442
00:18:05,919 --> 00:18:09,856
No man
had ever touched her this way."
443
00:18:09,957 --> 00:18:12,759
(exhales)
Damn.
444
00:18:12,859 --> 00:18:14,461
I remember
the first time I read this,
445
00:18:14,561 --> 00:18:16,463
I fell right out of my chair.
446
00:18:16,563 --> 00:18:18,599
No, I slid out.
447
00:18:18,699 --> 00:18:20,934
I love how she was flicking
her tongue
448
00:18:21,034 --> 00:18:22,669
against the edges of his lips.
449
00:18:22,769 --> 00:18:26,073
Ooh, you know a writer is good
if they make kissing sound sexy
450
00:18:26,173 --> 00:18:27,507
even when it's wrong.
451
00:18:27,608 --> 00:18:29,309
Like, don't be licking his lips,
452
00:18:29,476 --> 00:18:31,311
Get that poor man
some Chapstick.
453
00:18:31,478 --> 00:18:34,982
Now, if you want to go a bit
more old-school in your romance,
454
00:18:35,082 --> 00:18:37,084
you can try Rubie Saunders.
455
00:18:37,184 --> 00:18:40,787
She was best known for a series
following Nurse Marilyn Morgan
456
00:18:40,888 --> 00:18:43,023
and her steamy affairs
with doctors.
457
00:18:43,123 --> 00:18:46,260
The series was coming at you
with some hot lines.
458
00:18:46,426 --> 00:18:49,029
Hank was standing behind her now
459
00:18:49,129 --> 00:18:52,432
and, somehow,
his arms were around her waist.
460
00:18:52,466 --> 00:18:54,501
Hank pressed close to her.
461
00:18:54,601 --> 00:18:57,471
She could feel his breath
on the back of her neck.
462
00:18:57,571 --> 00:18:59,439
"I won't hurt you, honey,"
463
00:18:59,506 --> 00:19:03,143
he murmured as his arms
tightened around her.
464
00:19:03,243 --> 00:19:05,212
They sank into the cushions,
465
00:19:05,312 --> 00:19:07,080
together.
466
00:19:07,180 --> 00:19:08,448
Shit!
467
00:19:08,482 --> 00:19:09,716
Listen, everyone knows
468
00:19:09,816 --> 00:19:12,185
that sinking into the cushion
means good sex.
469
00:19:12,286 --> 00:19:13,654
Or your couch is too old.
470
00:19:13,754 --> 00:19:15,956
Either way, you're gonna be sore
in the morning.
471
00:19:16,056 --> 00:19:19,560
By the way, we would never have
known many of these authors
472
00:19:19,660 --> 00:19:22,996
if it wasn't for book publishers
like Vivian Stephens.
473
00:19:23,096 --> 00:19:24,331
She was groundbreaking,
474
00:19:24,464 --> 00:19:26,934
not just because she sought out
writers of color
475
00:19:27,034 --> 00:19:29,069
who wrote about women
with real depth
476
00:19:29,169 --> 00:19:30,704
but also because
she wasn't afraid
477
00:19:30,804 --> 00:19:33,073
to publish explicit sex scenes.
478
00:19:33,173 --> 00:19:35,275
She changed the game
with her publishing company
479
00:19:35,375 --> 00:19:37,144
Candlelight Ecstasy,
480
00:19:37,244 --> 00:19:40,280
which is one of those terms that
only belongs in a romance novel.
481
00:19:40,380 --> 00:19:43,050
If you combine candlelight
and ecstasy in real life,
482
00:19:43,150 --> 00:19:45,052
you're gonna lose your eyebrows.
483
00:19:45,152 --> 00:19:48,322
Stephens helped publish
great authors like Sandra Kitt,
484
00:19:48,422 --> 00:19:51,758
who wrote love stories featuring
both Black and white characters.
485
00:19:51,858 --> 00:19:54,428
So she referred to herself
as a "switch hitter,"
486
00:19:54,494 --> 00:19:58,432
which I feel like means
something different now?
487
00:19:58,465 --> 00:20:00,801
Is that when
a dick is ambidextrous?
488
00:20:00,901 --> 00:20:04,771
Like it can hold a pen with his
left and his right testicle?
489
00:20:04,872 --> 00:20:07,975
Anyway, one of Sandra Kitt's
greatest contributions
490
00:20:08,075 --> 00:20:11,211
was the novel Adam and Eva.
491
00:20:11,311 --> 00:20:12,980
This novel is about Eva Duncan
492
00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:15,148
escaping the death
of her husband.
493
00:20:15,249 --> 00:20:17,084
She takes a vacation
to the Virgin Islands,
494
00:20:17,184 --> 00:20:19,086
and basically
by the time she leaves,
495
00:20:19,186 --> 00:20:21,889
ha, they're just called
"The Islands." (laughs)
496
00:20:21,989 --> 00:20:24,825
What I like about Sandra's
writing is how she evokes
497
00:20:24,925 --> 00:20:28,629
the physical sensation of sex,
and also the butts.
498
00:20:28,729 --> 00:20:30,831
Just check out this passage.
499
00:20:30,931 --> 00:20:33,533
"...when Maxwell's other hand
made a sensuous journey
500
00:20:33,634 --> 00:20:35,869
"up the back of one thigh,
501
00:20:35,969 --> 00:20:38,238
"causing a quaking
through the center of her body
502
00:20:38,338 --> 00:20:40,107
"as he pressed her buttocks
to bring her
503
00:20:40,207 --> 00:20:43,610
"against his distinct,
hard masculine form.
504
00:20:43,710 --> 00:20:47,414
"She finally came...
to her senses,
505
00:20:47,514 --> 00:20:49,182
"pulling her mouth away
with a gasp
506
00:20:49,283 --> 00:20:52,753
and turning completely
within the circle of his arms."
507
00:20:55,022 --> 00:20:57,057
♪ ♪
508
00:20:59,826 --> 00:21:03,430
Dulcé, I'm... finished.
509
00:21:03,463 --> 00:21:05,165
Well, I wasn't.
510
00:21:05,265 --> 00:21:07,935
Well, I guess that about
raps it up for book club.
511
00:21:08,035 --> 00:21:10,037
So when your single ass
is curled up with a book
512
00:21:10,137 --> 00:21:12,072
about people curling up
with each other,
513
00:21:12,172 --> 00:21:14,741
make sure not to forget the
Black women that paved the way
514
00:21:14,841 --> 00:21:18,178
for you to hear lines
in your head like this.
515
00:21:18,278 --> 00:21:21,448
"They could resist each other
no longer.
516
00:21:21,481 --> 00:21:25,586
"She in her robe,
skin aglow, lips pursed.
517
00:21:25,686 --> 00:21:29,256
"He hovered above her,
lustful, yet firm,
518
00:21:29,356 --> 00:21:31,725
whispering her name, 'Dulcé.'"
519
00:21:31,825 --> 00:21:33,460
Ooh.
520
00:21:33,493 --> 00:21:36,096
All right, Dulcé, really?
Did you write this?
521
00:21:36,196 --> 00:21:39,466
Dawg, great character.
Didn't you go to acting school?
522
00:21:39,533 --> 00:21:41,335
No.
523
00:21:41,468 --> 00:21:43,503
Ah, self-taught.
524
00:21:43,604 --> 00:21:45,439
Okay. I see you.
525
00:21:45,539 --> 00:21:48,876
♪ ♪
526
00:21:48,976 --> 00:21:50,444
Thank you so much
for that Dulcé.
527
00:21:50,544 --> 00:21:52,546
All right, when we come back,
I'll be talking to the woman
528
00:21:52,646 --> 00:21:54,815
who exposed Facebook's
biggest secret.
529
00:21:54,915 --> 00:21:57,084
You don't want to miss it.
530
00:21:58,652 --> 00:21:59,986
Welcome back to The Daily Show.
531
00:22:00,086 --> 00:22:01,588
My guest tonight is
former Facebook product manager
532
00:22:01,688 --> 00:22:03,557
turned whistleblower
Frances Haugen.
533
00:22:03,657 --> 00:22:04,991
She's here to talk
about how Facebook
534
00:22:05,091 --> 00:22:07,694
prioritizes profits
over public safety
535
00:22:07,794 --> 00:22:10,797
and teen mental health.
536
00:22:10,897 --> 00:22:12,265
Frances Haugen,
welcome to The Daily Show.
537
00:22:12,365 --> 00:22:13,767
Thank you for inviting me.
Happy to be here.
538
00:22:13,867 --> 00:22:15,902
Um, your name
539
00:22:16,002 --> 00:22:18,438
isn't as big as the story
540
00:22:18,538 --> 00:22:21,841
that you really, I mean,
leaked to the world.
541
00:22:21,942 --> 00:22:24,444
You know? A lot of people,
you say, "Frances Haugen,"
542
00:22:24,544 --> 00:22:25,478
they'll be like, "Who is that?"
543
00:22:25,579 --> 00:22:26,780
But then if you say to people,
544
00:22:26,880 --> 00:22:28,682
"Hey, remember
how we all learned
545
00:22:28,782 --> 00:22:31,451
"that Facebook
and what social media is doing
546
00:22:31,551 --> 00:22:33,620
"is essentially destroying
teenagers' brains
547
00:22:33,720 --> 00:22:35,155
and it's harming all of us?"
548
00:22:35,255 --> 00:22:37,557
Yeah, that report happened
because of you.
549
00:22:37,657 --> 00:22:39,926
So, let's start
with the question of "why?"
550
00:22:40,026 --> 00:22:41,928
-Mm-hmm.
-You've worked for, um, Google.
551
00:22:42,028 --> 00:22:43,763
-You've worked for Pinterest.
You've worked for Yelp. -Mm-hmm.
552
00:22:43,864 --> 00:22:46,233
And yet you blew the whistle
on Facebook.
553
00:22:46,333 --> 00:22:47,601
-Mm-hmm. -Why did you feel
like, "Oh, this...
554
00:22:47,701 --> 00:22:49,502
This is something
I can't sit on"?
555
00:22:49,603 --> 00:22:53,139
So, when I joined, uh, Facebook,
I thought I was gonna work
556
00:22:53,240 --> 00:22:55,408
on misinformation
in the United States.
557
00:22:55,508 --> 00:22:58,178
And I was surprised,
and I-I actually was charged
558
00:22:58,278 --> 00:22:59,980
with working
on information outsi...
559
00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:01,748
-only outside the United States.
-Okay.
560
00:23:01,815 --> 00:23:04,985
And, um, like many people
and many technologists,
561
00:23:05,085 --> 00:23:06,653
I had never really focused
562
00:23:06,753 --> 00:23:08,588
on Facebook's impact
internationally.
563
00:23:08,755 --> 00:23:11,925
And very rapidly, um,
564
00:23:12,025 --> 00:23:15,195
I realized
kind of the horrifying magnitude
565
00:23:15,295 --> 00:23:16,763
of the danger
that we were facing.
566
00:23:16,830 --> 00:23:19,633
That Facebook's algorithms
give the most reach
567
00:23:19,766 --> 00:23:21,868
-to the most extreme
and divisive ideas. -Mm-hmm.
568
00:23:21,968 --> 00:23:25,772
Um, and that-that process
is destabilizing
569
00:23:25,839 --> 00:23:27,641
some of the most fragile places
in the world,
570
00:23:27,774 --> 00:23:30,110
like Ethiopia
or what happened in Myanmar.
571
00:23:30,210 --> 00:23:32,312
It... You see,
when-when you say that,
572
00:23:32,412 --> 00:23:34,314
there are some people
who will accept it immediately,
573
00:23:34,414 --> 00:23:35,815
and then there are some people
who will be like,
574
00:23:35,916 --> 00:23:36,950
"That's-that's not true at all."
575
00:23:37,050 --> 00:23:38,318
But I'm sure
there are a lot of people
576
00:23:38,418 --> 00:23:40,086
who will say, "But, I mean,
577
00:23:40,187 --> 00:23:42,622
"aren't they always going to be
extreme people in the world?
578
00:23:42,789 --> 00:23:44,791
You know, there's always
somebody saying something."
579
00:23:44,891 --> 00:23:46,359
You know,
Facebook themselves say...
580
00:23:46,459 --> 00:23:48,528
They go like, "Hey, we're not...
We're not part of the problem.
581
00:23:48,628 --> 00:23:51,831
"We're merely a platform
that people put their views on.
582
00:23:51,932 --> 00:23:54,534
We are not part of the problem."
And you disagree with that.
583
00:23:54,634 --> 00:23:56,803
So, let's imagine
you had a relative
584
00:23:56,903 --> 00:23:59,139
who had
particularly extreme ideas.
585
00:23:59,239 --> 00:24:01,608
You know, I've... We often say,
like, the crazy uncle.
586
00:24:01,741 --> 00:24:03,543
-Right, right, right. -'Cause,
mm, some of us have those.
587
00:24:03,643 --> 00:24:06,179
Uh, that person, if they're...
588
00:24:06,279 --> 00:24:07,614
If we're talking
to them one-on-one
589
00:24:07,747 --> 00:24:09,182
or we're talking to them
at a family gathering,
590
00:24:09,282 --> 00:24:12,619
that scale allows
for resolution of ideas.
591
00:24:12,752 --> 00:24:14,521
-Okay. -What's happening
on Facebook right now
592
00:24:14,621 --> 00:24:18,158
is ideas that are the most able
to elicit a reaction--
593
00:24:18,258 --> 00:24:21,027
and the shortest path to a click
is anger--
594
00:24:21,127 --> 00:24:23,029
those get the most reach,
595
00:24:23,129 --> 00:24:24,631
and ideas that are more moderate
596
00:24:24,764 --> 00:24:26,433
or that try to bring us
into synthesis
597
00:24:26,533 --> 00:24:28,602
or to-to help us
find a middle path,
598
00:24:28,768 --> 00:24:31,771
those aren't as likely
to elicit a comment from you
599
00:24:31,805 --> 00:24:33,340
-or elicit a like.
-Right.
600
00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:35,609
And so Facebook doesn't give it
as much distribution.
601
00:24:35,775 --> 00:24:37,844
So, Facebook
is essentially propelling
602
00:24:37,944 --> 00:24:39,012
certain ideas out there.
603
00:24:39,112 --> 00:24:40,780
So, they may say,
"We're the platform,"
604
00:24:40,881 --> 00:24:42,115
but, really,
what they're also doing
605
00:24:42,215 --> 00:24:43,650
is they're advocating
for certain viewpoints
606
00:24:43,783 --> 00:24:45,919
because they push those out
because those get people engaged
607
00:24:46,019 --> 00:24:47,787
-and spinning in the cycle.
-So, I think it's a thing
608
00:24:47,821 --> 00:24:49,489
where it's not they sit down
and go,
609
00:24:49,589 --> 00:24:50,924
"How can we get
more extreme ideas?"
610
00:24:51,024 --> 00:24:52,325
I don't think that's
what they're trying to do.
611
00:24:52,425 --> 00:24:54,861
But they do know
that there are lots of solutions
612
00:24:54,961 --> 00:24:56,630
that are not about censorship.
613
00:24:56,796 --> 00:24:58,365
It's not about picking
good or bad ideas
614
00:24:58,465 --> 00:24:59,833
-or good or bad people.
-Mm-hmm.
615
00:24:59,933 --> 00:25:03,103
It's about how do we change
the dynamics of these systems
616
00:25:03,203 --> 00:25:04,738
so that you could have
617
00:25:04,804 --> 00:25:06,873
good speech
counter-counter bad speech.
618
00:25:06,973 --> 00:25:09,442
How do we give those more
of an equal say at the table?
619
00:25:09,543 --> 00:25:11,444
You know, it's-it's interesting
that you lay it out like this.
620
00:25:11,545 --> 00:25:13,513
Because I remember talking
to my friends about this,
621
00:25:13,613 --> 00:25:17,350
-saying, "Have we become angrier
in the world? -Mm.
622
00:25:17,450 --> 00:25:20,954
Have we become less able
to have misunderstandings?"
623
00:25:21,054 --> 00:25:22,556
'Cause I-- 'cause I'll sit
with my friends and I go, like,
624
00:25:22,656 --> 00:25:25,392
I don't agree on
so many things with my friends.
625
00:25:25,492 --> 00:25:27,394
But I don't remember a time
when that meant
626
00:25:27,494 --> 00:25:29,162
-that I couldn't be friends
with them. -Yeah.
627
00:25:29,262 --> 00:25:30,597
In the world of social media
right now,
628
00:25:30,764 --> 00:25:32,832
-it feels like if I disagree
with you on this... -Mm.
629
00:25:32,933 --> 00:25:35,068
...I disagree with you
on everything.
630
00:25:35,168 --> 00:25:37,337
It seems like, Facebook world,
if you disagree on this,
631
00:25:37,437 --> 00:25:39,606
-we're gonna make or we're gonna
find more ways... -Oh, yeah.
632
00:25:39,773 --> 00:25:41,908
...to-to, you know--
to find where you disagree
633
00:25:42,008 --> 00:25:43,510
-or-or how to make you disagree.
-Mm-hmm.
634
00:25:43,610 --> 00:25:45,612
Yeah, so some people have said
this idea of, like, uh,
635
00:25:45,779 --> 00:25:47,414
Facebook's always looking
for fault lines.
636
00:25:47,514 --> 00:25:50,417
Right? So-so, a
"high quality" piece of content
637
00:25:50,517 --> 00:25:52,219
is one that gets lots
of engagement.
638
00:25:52,319 --> 00:25:54,454
And it turns out
an angry comment thread
639
00:25:54,554 --> 00:25:56,890
where, you know, it causes us
to yell at each other,
640
00:25:56,990 --> 00:25:59,559
that is viewed as a higher
quality piece of content.
641
00:25:59,726 --> 00:26:02,529
And so, uh, you know,
during, um, COVID,
642
00:26:02,629 --> 00:26:05,365
I've had friends who wrote
very long, thoughtful pieces.
643
00:26:05,465 --> 00:26:07,834
They went and digested lots
of information.
644
00:26:07,934 --> 00:26:10,503
-Ah. -That's gonna cause
less knee-jerk reaction
645
00:26:10,604 --> 00:26:13,173
than something
that really offends you.
646
00:26:13,273 --> 00:26:15,008
So, "masks don't work."
647
00:26:15,108 --> 00:26:16,543
-People are clicking on that.
-Yeah. Yeah. Psh-shh-shh.
648
00:26:16,643 --> 00:26:18,211
"Here's the thing about masks
we have to consider
649
00:26:18,311 --> 00:26:20,280
-in our society." Boo.
-Yeah, yeah. Yeah, yeah.
650
00:26:20,380 --> 00:26:21,548
-Facebook's not pushing that.
-Or...
651
00:26:21,648 --> 00:26:23,216
So, what's interesting,
you know,
652
00:26:23,316 --> 00:26:25,018
-in-in everything
that you've done is... -Mm.
653
00:26:25,118 --> 00:26:26,219
...even though you're
a whistleblower,
654
00:26:26,319 --> 00:26:27,754
even though you came out
with this information,
655
00:26:27,821 --> 00:26:29,523
you've never said,
"I'm anti-Facebook."
656
00:26:29,623 --> 00:26:30,924
-You've never said,
"Shut Facebook down." -Mm-hmm.
657
00:26:31,024 --> 00:26:32,526
-You've never said this thing
needs to go away. -Yeah.
658
00:26:32,626 --> 00:26:34,361
What you're arguing for is
659
00:26:34,461 --> 00:26:36,796
we change our relationship
with not just Facebook
660
00:26:36,897 --> 00:26:38,465
-but social media companies
as a whole. -Mm.
661
00:26:38,565 --> 00:26:40,066
-E-Explain what that means.
-Mm-hmm.
662
00:26:40,166 --> 00:26:41,434
So, often, when people talk
about this idea
663
00:26:41,535 --> 00:26:43,670
of we need to change our
relationship with social media,
664
00:26:43,770 --> 00:26:45,906
it's more about, like, should
we use our phones so much?
665
00:26:46,006 --> 00:26:47,974
But I-I'm encouraging us
to have a conversation
666
00:26:48,074 --> 00:26:50,076
about what's our relationship
with companies.
667
00:26:50,176 --> 00:26:52,145
-Or what's the companies'
relationships with us? -Okay.
668
00:26:52,245 --> 00:26:55,615
Facebook knows that they have
a level of-of, um,
669
00:26:55,782 --> 00:26:57,417
unaccountability
that's very different
670
00:26:57,517 --> 00:27:00,353
than either Google or Apple
or other big platforms.
671
00:27:00,453 --> 00:27:01,988
Because, in the case of Google,
672
00:27:02,088 --> 00:27:04,758
we can scrape, we can download
their results and analyze them
673
00:27:04,858 --> 00:27:06,226
and see if there are biases.
674
00:27:06,326 --> 00:27:08,562
-Okay. -In the case of Apple,
we can take apart the phones
675
00:27:08,728 --> 00:27:10,030
and put up YouTube videos saying
676
00:27:10,130 --> 00:27:12,732
-Apple phones do or don't work
the way they claim. -Huh.
677
00:27:12,766 --> 00:27:14,501
But in the case of Facebook,
678
00:27:14,601 --> 00:27:17,170
researchers and activists
have been telling Facebook,
679
00:27:17,270 --> 00:27:19,839
"Hey, we have found
all these examples.
680
00:27:19,940 --> 00:27:21,241
"We think
there's a pattern here.
681
00:27:21,341 --> 00:27:22,742
"We think there's
too much human trafficking.
682
00:27:22,776 --> 00:27:24,211
-We think kids are suffering."
-Right.
683
00:27:24,311 --> 00:27:26,413
And Facebook keeps coming back
because they know
684
00:27:26,513 --> 00:27:28,281
no one can call them on it
685
00:27:28,381 --> 00:27:31,084
and saying, "That's just
anecdotal. That's not real."
686
00:27:31,184 --> 00:27:32,552
But when you released
the information,
687
00:27:32,652 --> 00:27:34,521
we realized it wasn't anecdotal,
it was real, because Facebook
688
00:27:34,621 --> 00:27:35,889
-had done the research.
-And Facebook knew about it.
689
00:27:35,989 --> 00:27:37,324
-Right. You see, now, this is
interesting. -Yeah. Yeah.
690
00:27:37,424 --> 00:27:39,292
-'Cause this reminds me
of the tobacco companies. -Yes.
691
00:27:39,392 --> 00:27:41,161
-Yeah. Yeah. -It reminds us
of the, you know...
692
00:27:41,261 --> 00:27:43,263
-the fossil fuel companies.
-Yeah.
693
00:27:43,363 --> 00:27:44,464
They do the research,
694
00:27:44,564 --> 00:27:45,966
they find out
something really bad,
695
00:27:46,066 --> 00:27:47,367
and then, I mean, obviously,
they go, like,
696
00:27:47,467 --> 00:27:49,936
"We're not gonna put this
out there, but-but we know."
697
00:27:50,036 --> 00:27:52,639
One of the biggest things that's
really gotten people worried
698
00:27:52,772 --> 00:27:56,109
-is how social media
affects younger brains. -Mm-hmm.
699
00:27:56,209 --> 00:27:57,577
I mean, it affects my brain.
I'm--
700
00:27:57,711 --> 00:28:00,447
I don't consider myself younger
anymore, but
701
00:28:00,547 --> 00:28:02,616
young people are-are like...
702
00:28:02,716 --> 00:28:05,252
-it seems like the highest...
at the highest risk. -Mm-hmm.
703
00:28:05,352 --> 00:28:07,587
Yeah, Facebook's
internal research says
704
00:28:07,721 --> 00:28:11,024
that the highest rates of
problematic use peak at age 14.
705
00:28:11,124 --> 00:28:13,393
So you're not allowed to be
on the platform until you're 13.
706
00:28:13,493 --> 00:28:14,728
-Uh-huh. -So I guess
it takes a little bit of time
707
00:28:14,828 --> 00:28:17,764
to form that habit.
But the largest fraction
708
00:28:17,864 --> 00:28:19,432
of any of those age cohorts
they sampled...
709
00:28:19,533 --> 00:28:21,635
And they've done studies that
have 100,000 people in them.
710
00:28:21,735 --> 00:28:23,470
-Okay.
-These are not tiny studies.
711
00:28:23,570 --> 00:28:26,339
Um, they find
that the largest fractions say,
712
00:28:26,439 --> 00:28:29,643
"I can't control my usage, and
I know it's impacting my health,
713
00:28:29,743 --> 00:28:32,746
-"my employment or my school"
is at age 14. -Wow.
714
00:28:32,812 --> 00:28:36,316
And so, there's a real thing
where young people have both...
715
00:28:36,416 --> 00:28:38,084
-You know, they're struggling
with issues in their life. -Yes.
716
00:28:38,185 --> 00:28:40,153
And they don't have
the self-control yet.
717
00:28:40,253 --> 00:28:42,189
And they say this.
They say this to researchers.
718
00:28:42,289 --> 00:28:45,325
They say, "I know
this is making me feel bad,
719
00:28:45,425 --> 00:28:46,760
"and I can't stop.
720
00:28:46,793 --> 00:28:49,329
-I fear I'll be ostracized
if I leave." -Mm-hmm.
721
00:28:49,429 --> 00:28:53,133
And those factors mean it's not
easy for kids just to walk away.
722
00:28:53,233 --> 00:28:55,302
It's also not easy for people
to understand how to, um...
723
00:28:55,402 --> 00:28:57,304
how to fix it.
You have lawmakers now...
724
00:28:57,404 --> 00:28:59,806
-Mm. -...who are trying
to figure this thing out.
725
00:28:59,906 --> 00:29:02,709
-Silicon Valley is way ahead
of them. -Yup.
726
00:29:02,742 --> 00:29:03,977
Like,
way ahead of them. Lawmakers.
727
00:29:04,077 --> 00:29:05,378
You see these hearings.
They'd be like,
728
00:29:05,478 --> 00:29:07,914
"What if... what if my Facebook
is an insta flap?"
729
00:29:08,014 --> 00:29:09,516
They don't understand
what's happening.
730
00:29:09,616 --> 00:29:13,286
So how do we begin
creating a world
731
00:29:13,386 --> 00:29:14,855
-where we're not destroying
the companies... -Mm.
732
00:29:14,955 --> 00:29:18,258
...but we're-we're regulating
them the way they should be?
733
00:29:18,358 --> 00:29:21,094
So the main thing I'm advocating
for is around transparency.
734
00:29:21,194 --> 00:29:22,729
Because one of the problems
today is because
735
00:29:22,829 --> 00:29:24,865
-Facebook is the only one
that holds the cards... -Mm-hmm.
736
00:29:24,965 --> 00:29:26,233
...like, they can see...
they can see whether or not
737
00:29:26,333 --> 00:29:28,535
they're holding, you know,
a royal flush or not.
738
00:29:28,635 --> 00:29:30,103
-Right.
-What they claim.
739
00:29:30,203 --> 00:29:31,371
Um, we need to move to a world
740
00:29:31,471 --> 00:29:33,306
where we have more access
to data.
741
00:29:33,406 --> 00:29:34,741
And that can be aggregate data.
742
00:29:34,774 --> 00:29:36,176
It can be
privacy-sensitive data.
743
00:29:36,276 --> 00:29:38,311
It doesn't have to, you know,
expose people. It's not...
744
00:29:38,411 --> 00:29:41,281
-It's a false choice of privacy
versus transparency. -Right.
745
00:29:41,381 --> 00:29:43,650
And once we have the ability
to have conversations,
746
00:29:43,750 --> 00:29:46,586
we can stop talking about
boogie man social media...
747
00:29:46,753 --> 00:29:48,755
-I see. -...and we start
having conversations
748
00:29:48,788 --> 00:29:50,023
on how do we solve
these problems.
749
00:29:50,123 --> 00:29:51,491
I think what we need to do,
750
00:29:51,591 --> 00:29:53,393
and this is what
I'm gonna spend 2022 doing,
751
00:29:53,493 --> 00:29:55,328
is we need
to start organizing people.
752
00:29:55,428 --> 00:29:57,931
Like, I want to plant
a youth-directed movement
753
00:29:58,031 --> 00:29:59,833
where we can begin
putting pressure on Facebook
754
00:29:59,933 --> 00:30:01,835
-to release this information.
-Mm-hmm.
755
00:30:01,935 --> 00:30:03,837
Because I don't think
Facebook is just gonna do it
756
00:30:03,937 --> 00:30:05,405
automatically out
of the goodness of its heart.
757
00:30:05,505 --> 00:30:07,507
-Right. Right.
-We have to force them to.
758
00:30:07,607 --> 00:30:09,276
And I think there's lots
and lots of opportunities
759
00:30:09,376 --> 00:30:11,111
where we can begin
putting pressure on them,
760
00:30:11,211 --> 00:30:12,612
either socially or financially.
761
00:30:12,712 --> 00:30:14,614
-Yeah.
-As a user of social media,
762
00:30:14,714 --> 00:30:16,550
as a person who speaks to all
my friends on social media,
763
00:30:16,716 --> 00:30:18,451
and I have my enemies
on social media,
764
00:30:18,552 --> 00:30:20,487
I appreciate this conversation
'cause I think, um,
765
00:30:20,587 --> 00:30:22,722
-Yeah. -...if we're not careful,
we end up in a world
766
00:30:22,789 --> 00:30:25,625
where we're all fighting
really just because
767
00:30:25,725 --> 00:30:27,894
an algorithm is trying to make
us fight half of those fights.
768
00:30:27,994 --> 00:30:30,397
-Mm-hmm. -I've noticed
even with the show,
769
00:30:30,497 --> 00:30:34,167
-if I say a thing
on the show... -Mm-hmm. Mm.
770
00:30:34,267 --> 00:30:36,503
This'd be, like, the most
interesting thing for me, is,
771
00:30:36,603 --> 00:30:38,939
depending on what I say,
772
00:30:39,039 --> 00:30:40,740
-Facebook sends that
to different people. -Ooh.
773
00:30:40,807 --> 00:30:42,475
-One time we had on the show
where... -That's a real thing.
774
00:30:42,576 --> 00:30:44,010
One... Yeah.
One time we had on the show
775
00:30:44,110 --> 00:30:46,813
where, um, literally
I'd laid out both arguments.
776
00:30:46,913 --> 00:30:49,049
-I said, "Here's one way
to see it." -Yeah.
777
00:30:49,149 --> 00:30:50,584
"Here's another way to see it."
778
00:30:50,750 --> 00:30:53,653
-But then, on Facebook, only one
way went to each group. -Yeah.
779
00:30:53,753 --> 00:30:55,288
-Yeah. Mm-hmm.
-And I was fascinated by that.
780
00:30:55,388 --> 00:30:56,790
'Cause then people are like,
"Why didn't you say it
781
00:30:56,890 --> 00:30:58,491
the other way?" I was like, "But
that's exactly what I said."
782
00:30:58,592 --> 00:31:00,327
They're like,
"Oh, well, I didn't see that."
783
00:31:00,427 --> 00:31:02,329
-And then you realize...
You know? -Yeah.
784
00:31:02,429 --> 00:31:03,897
So, one of the things
that happens is, um,
785
00:31:03,997 --> 00:31:05,799
so let's say you take
a video clip.
786
00:31:05,899 --> 00:31:08,168
So let's say you have, out of
any given one of your shows,
787
00:31:08,268 --> 00:31:11,471
people go and put on YouTube
lots of different little chunks.
788
00:31:11,571 --> 00:31:14,040
People can re-seed those onto
Facebook over and over again,
789
00:31:14,140 --> 00:31:15,709
-and they do.
-Right, right.
790
00:31:15,742 --> 00:31:17,510
And each time that enters
into Facebook--
791
00:31:17,611 --> 00:31:19,846
you know, someone posts it
to a group, someone does this--
792
00:31:19,946 --> 00:31:21,715
it enters into the network
in a different way.
793
00:31:21,748 --> 00:31:24,184
And the algorithm
begins picking up data on that,
794
00:31:24,284 --> 00:31:25,886
and it says: Oh, interesting,
795
00:31:25,986 --> 00:31:28,555
like, these kinds of people
engage, these ones don't.
796
00:31:28,722 --> 00:31:30,524
And so,
and because it's entering
797
00:31:30,624 --> 00:31:32,893
from so many different points,
it actually gets a chance
798
00:31:32,993 --> 00:31:34,828
to learn what kinds of people
or communities
799
00:31:34,928 --> 00:31:36,296
it engages the most with.
800
00:31:36,396 --> 00:31:38,365
And so that echo chamber
is real.
801
00:31:38,465 --> 00:31:41,368
-Like, the algorithm pulls us
towards homogeneity. -Yes.
802
00:31:41,468 --> 00:31:45,005
It's almost like Facebook knows
803
00:31:45,105 --> 00:31:47,007
that you react most
to your neighbor
804
00:31:47,107 --> 00:31:48,341
when they play loud music.
805
00:31:48,441 --> 00:31:50,043
-(laughs)
-There's no reaction from you
806
00:31:50,143 --> 00:31:51,511
when your neighbor's doing
other things,
807
00:31:51,611 --> 00:31:53,280
but when your neighbor plays
loud music,
808
00:31:53,380 --> 00:31:54,848
that's when you react--
so then Facebook goes,
809
00:31:54,948 --> 00:31:57,017
-"I'm just gonna..." -It's
even worse than that, actually.
810
00:31:57,117 --> 00:31:59,553
-How can it be worse? -Imagine
there's music that you like,
811
00:31:59,653 --> 00:32:02,189
-and there's music
you don't like. -Oh, wow.
812
00:32:02,289 --> 00:32:03,890
It actually knows
you really don't like,
813
00:32:03,990 --> 00:32:05,492
-I don't know, reggaeton
or something. -Oh, wow.
814
00:32:05,592 --> 00:32:07,627
-And one of the things that's,
like, really sad is, um, -Okay.
815
00:32:07,727 --> 00:32:09,362
one of the things
that was in the documents
816
00:32:09,462 --> 00:32:11,264
is that people talk about, um,
817
00:32:11,364 --> 00:32:13,166
especially people
from marginalized communities,
818
00:32:13,266 --> 00:32:17,771
that they will go and correct
people who are spreading, um,
819
00:32:17,871 --> 00:32:21,141
you know, racist, sexist,
homophobic comments,
820
00:32:21,241 --> 00:32:23,143
and guess what,
now Facebook knows you engage
821
00:32:23,243 --> 00:32:25,545
-with these keywords...
-So they send you more of that.
822
00:32:25,645 --> 00:32:27,514
-And so they send more of it.
-Yeah. Yeah.
823
00:32:27,614 --> 00:32:29,182
I didn't know
they were doing that...
824
00:32:29,282 --> 00:32:31,818
They don't do it on purpose.
It's a side effect.
825
00:32:31,918 --> 00:32:34,054
-It's a side effect of the way
the algorithm works. -Yep. Yep.
826
00:32:34,154 --> 00:32:35,856
So the algorithm
is designed to get
827
00:32:35,956 --> 00:32:37,290
as much engagement as possible,
828
00:32:37,390 --> 00:32:38,692
and then engagement,
unfortunately,
829
00:32:38,792 --> 00:32:41,528
means you're more likely--
there's a car accident,
830
00:32:41,628 --> 00:32:43,697
-I'm going to engage.
-Yeah. Yeah.
831
00:32:43,797 --> 00:32:46,199
Or more of, um, if they had an
option of showing you a stream
832
00:32:46,299 --> 00:32:48,568
of different things, they know
you gawk at car accidents,
833
00:32:48,668 --> 00:32:50,070
so they show you more.
834
00:32:50,170 --> 00:32:52,472
Man. This is hard, because
on the one hand, I go like,
835
00:32:52,572 --> 00:32:54,374
well, I need to stop looking
at car accidents,
836
00:32:54,474 --> 00:32:56,409
-but the brain is the brain.
-It's the brain.
837
00:32:56,509 --> 00:32:59,646
You know, if all the--
AI is not intelligent.
838
00:32:59,746 --> 00:33:01,781
-Right? We like to say
Artificial Intelligence. -Yes.
839
00:33:01,882 --> 00:33:03,984
But the people
who actually study it
840
00:33:04,084 --> 00:33:06,219
call it "machine learning,"
because it's not intelligent.
841
00:33:06,319 --> 00:33:08,555
It's just a hill climber.
Optimizing.
842
00:33:08,655 --> 00:33:11,525
And, you know, think of all
the different pieces of content
843
00:33:11,625 --> 00:33:13,393
-you've been exposed to.
-Mm-hmm.
844
00:33:13,493 --> 00:33:16,763
Uh, it's not trying to show you
the most extreme content.
845
00:33:16,796 --> 00:33:19,566
It happens to be,
to fulfill its goal function,
846
00:33:19,666 --> 00:33:22,502
-it mindlessly pushes you
towards them. -I understand.
847
00:33:22,602 --> 00:33:25,772
And so this is about Facebook
making choices to not fix it.
848
00:33:25,872 --> 00:33:27,774
Facebook has lots and lots
of options that...
849
00:33:27,874 --> 00:33:29,910
They're letting
the machine run wild.
850
00:33:30,010 --> 00:33:31,912
They're letting the machine
run wild.
851
00:33:32,012 --> 00:33:33,380
-Money.
-Money.
852
00:33:33,480 --> 00:33:34,481
That's what it is.
853
00:33:34,581 --> 00:33:36,249
Thank you so much
for being here.
854
00:33:36,349 --> 00:33:37,784
This has really been
enlightening.
855
00:33:37,817 --> 00:33:40,053
-Good luck on the rest of your
journey. -Thank you so much.
856
00:33:40,153 --> 00:33:43,290
If you want to learn more
about Frances's advocacy work,
857
00:33:43,390 --> 00:33:45,458
then you can go
to franceshaugen.com.
858
00:33:45,559 --> 00:33:46,893
We're gonna take a quick break,
859
00:33:46,993 --> 00:33:48,962
but we'll be right back
after this.
860
00:33:50,864 --> 00:33:52,298
Well, that's our show
for tonight, but before we go--
861
00:33:52,399 --> 00:33:54,868
please consider supporting
Young, Black & Lit.
862
00:33:54,968 --> 00:33:57,437
They're an organization
that sources and distributes
863
00:33:57,537 --> 00:34:00,006
new books featuring
Black main characters
864
00:34:00,106 --> 00:34:02,108
to elementary and middle schools
at no cost.
865
00:34:02,208 --> 00:34:04,244
So if you want to support them
in their work
866
00:34:04,344 --> 00:34:05,812
promoting access
to children's books
867
00:34:05,912 --> 00:34:07,714
that reflect the experiences
of Black children,
868
00:34:07,814 --> 00:34:10,417
then please donate
at the link below.
869
00:34:10,517 --> 00:34:12,052
Until tomorrow,
stay safe out there,
870
00:34:12,152 --> 00:34:13,987
get your vaccine, and remember,
871
00:34:14,087 --> 00:34:17,023
they can hack the Bitcoins
in your digital wallets,
872
00:34:17,123 --> 00:34:20,760
but they can't hack the Bitcoins
in your hearts.
873
00:34:20,860 --> 00:34:23,897
Now, here it is,
Your Moment of Zen.
874
00:34:23,997 --> 00:34:27,434
Not only do we have the DC jail,
which is the DC gulag,
875
00:34:27,534 --> 00:34:30,403
but now we have Nancy Pelosi's
gazpacho police
876
00:34:30,503 --> 00:34:32,572
spying on members of Congress,
877
00:34:32,672 --> 00:34:34,674
spying on the legislative work
that we do,
878
00:34:34,774 --> 00:34:37,944
spying on our staff
and spying on American citizens
879
00:34:38,044 --> 00:34:41,181
that want to come talk
to their representatives.