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{\an8}♪♪♪

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BUCHANAN:
My name is Gordon Buchanan.

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{\an1}As a cameraman, I've filmed
wildlife all over the planet,

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but there are limits
to where I can go.

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{\an1}She's returning to the place
that I can't follow her.

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So in this series,
it's the animals

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{\an1}that are doing the filming,
to reveal the secret side

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of their lives
we've never seen before.

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- Oh, that's so cool.
- That is lovely.

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{\an1}BUCHANAN: Over the years,

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we've designed
pioneering mini cameras

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{\an1}for a huge range of animals.

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{\an1}It's like a job interview.

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{\an1}Everything is made to measure.

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Just figuring out
what her new bit of bling is.

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And we've teamed up
with scientists

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{\an1}who want to learn about
the challenges animals face

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to help protect them
in the future.

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{\an1}JOHNSON: She is potentially
showing us parts of the ocean

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{\an1}that no one has seen before.

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BUCHANAN:
In this special episode,

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we dive
into the ocean to find out...

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What do turtles
get up to at sea?

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{\an1}Can sharks help protect
coral reefs?

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{\an1}How do gannets find their food?

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{\an1}And how do seal pups survive

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after being abandoned
by their mother?

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{\an1}This is "Animals with Cameras."

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{\an8}♪♪♪

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{\an8}♪♪♪

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{\an7}BUCHANAN: My first adventure
starts here...

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Cape Verde...

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{\an1}a cluster of tropical islands
off the west coast of Africa.

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{\an1}I'm on Sal, one of the driest
and most barren.

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This really is
a true desert island.

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{\an1}First impressions as a wildlife
cameraman, looking around...

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There aren't that
many wild animals.

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{\an1}But for just a few months
each summer,

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{\an1}the sandy beaches in the south,
where I'm heading,

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{\an1}are inundated by a very,
very special reptile...

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{\an1}the loggerhead turtle.

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{\an8}♪♪♪

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{\an1}Loggerheads can weigh twice
as much as an adult human

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{\an1}and live for up to 50 years.

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{\an1}They spend their lives
traversing the world's oceans

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all on their own,

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{\an1}traveling thousands of miles
between feeding grounds.

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{\an1}Because they spend so much time
in the open ocean,

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extremely little
is known about them.

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{\an1}So what do these creatures
do at sea?

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Hopefully the cameras
will find out.

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{\an1}Biologists Albert Taxonera
and Christophe Eizaguirre

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have been studying
the loggerheads on Sal

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for the past decade.

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{\an1}TAXONERA: What we are trying
to do is to learn more about

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{\an7}the conservation status of these
animals, learn more about them

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{\an8}so we can actually
protect them better.

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{\an1}BUCHANAN: Cape Verde hosts
one of the world's

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largest populations
of nesting loggerheads.

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{\an1}During the breeding season,
up to 7,000 females

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{\an1}return to Sal's beaches
where they were born.

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{\an1}Each can lay up to 6 clutches
of 80 eggs.

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{\an1}It's widely believed that during
their nesting season,

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{\an1}loggerheads will not feed
for five months.

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{\an1}But is this actually true?

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Do turtles feed in
the surrounding ocean or not?

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Albert and Christophe
need to use the mini cameras

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to find out.

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{\an7}EIZAGUIRRE: I've been working
in Cape Verde for 10 years,

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{\an7}and for almost as long
as this time,

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{\an7}we had the speculation
that turtles feed locally.

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{\an1}BUCHANAN: So why is it important
to know if they're feeding?

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The beaches of Sal
are already protected

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{\an1}to safeguard the turtles,

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but the surrounding
coral reefs are not.

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{\an1}So, if the turtles are
feeding here,

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the marine ecosystem
needs protecting, too.

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{\an1}TAXONERA: If we understand
what they do,

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{\an1}we can always push for
better conservation strategies.

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BUCHANAN:
But to safeguard the waters,

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{\an1}first they need evidence,

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something I hope
the cameras can help with.

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{\an1}This morning, I'm heading
a few miles offshore with Albert

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to a reef location

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where he suspects
the turtles could be feeding.

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Seeing the turtles
on the beaches,

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{\an1}and you've got this opportunity
to be very close to them

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{\an1}to study them intimately,

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{\an1}but then they get into the water
and they are gone.

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{\an1}TAXONERA: This is true,
'cause we see the data,

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{\an1}we study a very small,
tiny portion of their life.

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That's when they come
to lay the eggs,

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but we don't know
what's going on in the ocean.

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{\an1}I think that the footage
from the cameras will help us

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{\an1}improve much more our knowledge.

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{\an1}BUCHANAN: It's a free dive
of 30 feet to reach the bottom.

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{\an1}And within seconds, we get
our first glimpse of a turtle,

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{\an1}swimming into the blue.

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{\an8}♪♪♪

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{\an1}And just a few feet away,
another resting on the seabed.

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{\an1}Amongst the shoals of fish,
these rocky outcrops

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{\an1}are the perfect environment
for crustaceans and seaweed,

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which loggerheads
are known to feed on elsewhere.

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It's a brief dive,
but it gives me

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a tantalizing insight
into the turtles' world.

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{\an1}But even if I had a scuba tank,

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{\an1}I couldn't follow them
for long enough to answer

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Albert's questions.

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{\an1}So I'm hoping the cameras can.

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{\an1}We just need a suitable
loggerhead to join the team.

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{\an1}As night falls, the turtles
begin to arrive on the beaches.

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{\an1}It's Albert and Christophe's
opportunity

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{\an1}to survey the nesting females.

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{\an1}And I'm joining them to find one

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for our all-important
camera deployment.

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{\an1}So how many turtles do you think
are on the beach?

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TAXONERA: Right now?
BUCHANAN: Yeah.

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{\an1}TAXONERA: Every night, we are
counting around 100 nests.

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BUCHANAN: Wow.

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TAXONERA:
Around, so that's 100 turtles.

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{\an1}BUCHANAN: So we should
trip over one fairly soon.

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TAXONERA: Definitely.
I show you.

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{\an1}We can see one from here
already.

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BUCHANAN: Shall we go
and have a look?

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{\an1}Albert makes a quiet approach,

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{\an1}so not to disturb this female.

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{\an1}We're looking for a turtle
that's big enough

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{\an1}to carry the camera with ease.

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{\an8}♪♪♪

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{\an1}TAXONERA: She looks big.

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She's around 80,
81, 80 centimeters long.

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BUCHANAN:
That's big enough for us.

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{\an1}We've found our new crew member.

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{\an1}And this is the camera
she'll be wearing.

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{\an1}This is the camera end.

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We've got
a high-definition camera

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{\an1}that's tilting forward and down
that's going to give us that

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{\an1}over-the-shoulder view...
A turtle's eye view.

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And we've got
attachment points here.

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After a day at sea,
this magnesium swivels,

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{\an1}it dissolves in salt water,

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{\an1}and that's when the camera
floats back up to the surface.

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{\an1}Once the turtle has finished
laying her precious eggs,

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Albert and Christophe
work swiftly and silently

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{\an1}to collect valuable data
for their ongoing research.

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{\an1}Then they place a temporary box
around her to keep her safe.

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{\an1}This is an exciting moment
for me,

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{\an1}because this female is soon
to go

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{\an1}from just being one of the many
thousands of turtles

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{\an1}that visit these nests

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to becoming a member
of our film crew.

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{\an1}Her shell, or carapace,
is given a clean,

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{\an1}and the camera is attached

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{\an1}using an environmentally
friendly resin.

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{\an1}Once the camera anchors have
eroded away,

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this too will be shed
over the coming days.

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Just over an hour
after she first heaved herself

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onto the beach,

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{\an1}our turtle is reunited
with the ocean.

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Here she comes.

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Now it's over to her
to film her secret world,

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{\an1}but only if all of this
technology works.

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{\an1}Fingers crossed we'll get
our camera back

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in 24 hours' time.

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{\an1}More than 80% of the ocean
is unmapped and unexplored.

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{\an1}Even the lives of the most
notorious marine animals

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harbor secrets.

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{\an1}You might think we know all
there is to know about sharks.

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{\an1}But as they live at sea
and can swim at high speeds,

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they're incredibly
tricky to study.

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{\an1}So our understanding of their
lives is actually quite limited.

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But onboard cameras
can help change that.

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{\an1}Scientist Dr. Tristan Guttridge
has been studying sharks

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in the Bahamas
for the past 15 years.

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{\an7}GUTTRIDGE: I have been literally
obsessed with sharks

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{\an8}since I can remember,

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{\an1}and it's just grown and grown
and grown

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{\an1}and I'm now a 38-year-old
marine scientist

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{\an1}that still has that little-kid
passion to work with sharks

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{\an1}and to learn more about them
and to try

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{\an1}and hopefully conserve them
and protect them.

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{\an1}BUCHANAN: Tristan has come
to the island of Andros,

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{\an1}home to one of the largest
coral reefs in the world,

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{\an1}measuring over 130 miles long.

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It's a magnet for
several species of shark

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who rely on it
for food and shelter.

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{\an1}Reef sharks, lemon sharks,

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and great hammerheads
patrol the area.

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{\an1}Even one of the biggest
predators in the ocean,

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{\an1}the tiger shark, lives here.

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{\an1}Around the world, coral reefs
are dying at unprecedented rates

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due to pollution
and climate change.

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{\an1}Tristan needs to check
the health of the Andros reef

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{\an1}to ascertain if these sharks
will have a home in the future.

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00:11:01,966 --> 00:11:03,842
{\an1}Doing this with a team
of scuba divers

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{\an1}would be an enormous task
that could damage the coral.

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{\an1}So the best guides to this vital
underwater habitat

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{\an1}are the sharks themselves.

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{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: As a human,

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00:11:15,066 --> 00:11:17,042
I can only spend
about an hour underwater

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00:11:17,066 --> 00:11:19,709
and I'm limited
to certain depths as well.

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00:11:19,733 --> 00:11:24,342
{\an1}But a reef shark... it can act
as essentially a surveyor

203
00:11:24,366 --> 00:11:25,742
for many, many hours.

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00:11:25,766 --> 00:11:28,542
{\an1}And so we can actually look
at the health of the system

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00:11:28,566 --> 00:11:31,876
that it's swimming in
and patrolling.

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{\an1}BUCHANAN: Tristan wants
to enlist the help

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00:11:34,233 --> 00:11:35,576
{\an1}of Caribbean reef sharks.

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00:11:35,600 --> 00:11:38,409
{\an1}They spend most of their time
around the coral,

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00:11:38,433 --> 00:11:42,309
making them perfect
to carry the cameras.

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00:11:42,333 --> 00:11:46,176
{\an1}Tristan is tagging sharks
as part of his ongoing research,

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00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:50,266
{\an1}so this is a good opportunity
to add the onboard technology.

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00:11:51,500 --> 00:11:54,509
He's helped by
shark expert Grant Johnson.

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00:11:54,533 --> 00:11:55,876
{\an1}And to catch the sharks,

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00:11:55,900 --> 00:11:59,409
they're using
a simple float system.

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00:11:59,433 --> 00:12:01,542
GUTTRIDGE: The beauty
of these things is that

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00:12:01,566 --> 00:12:04,142
if the float
starts moving up and down,

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00:12:04,166 --> 00:12:05,576
then you know
you've caught a shark.

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00:12:05,600 --> 00:12:08,709
{\an1}So we can actually get to
that animal really quickly,

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00:12:08,733 --> 00:12:10,742
{\an1}so it's a very effective way

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00:12:10,766 --> 00:12:13,209
{\an1}and safe way of fishing
for these animals

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00:12:13,233 --> 00:12:16,076
{\an1}because we can bring the shark
to the side of the boat,

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00:12:16,100 --> 00:12:17,509
{\an1}work it up, measure it,

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00:12:17,533 --> 00:12:21,042
place our camera tag
in a short period of time.

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00:12:21,066 --> 00:12:23,476
{\an1}BUCHANAN: And within minutes,
they're in luck.

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00:12:23,500 --> 00:12:24,443
GUTTRIDGE:
We've got something already.

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00:12:24,467 --> 00:12:25,709
{\an1}JOHNSON: We got a shark.

227
00:12:25,733 --> 00:12:27,376
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: Yeah, we've got
something moving already.

228
00:12:27,400 --> 00:12:28,676
Look at that.
Five minutes,

229
00:12:28,700 --> 00:12:31,042
and we've already
got something hit a bait.

230
00:12:31,066 --> 00:12:34,109
{\an1}This place is just littered
with sharks.

231
00:12:34,133 --> 00:12:35,876
BUCHANAN:
How much the float moves

232
00:12:35,900 --> 00:12:39,242
is an indication
of how big the shark is.

233
00:12:39,266 --> 00:12:40,509
JOHNSON:
Look at the buoy, man.

234
00:12:40,533 --> 00:12:42,842
{\an1}The buoy is getting pulled down.

235
00:12:42,866 --> 00:12:45,909
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: That is not small
that's towing that around.

236
00:12:45,933 --> 00:12:47,409
{\an1}That is definitely not small.

237
00:12:47,433 --> 00:12:49,542
{\an1}JOHNSON: I'm saying bull.
GUTTRIDGE: You're going bull?

238
00:12:49,566 --> 00:12:50,642
{\an1}JOHNSON: I'm predicting...
Look at that!

239
00:12:50,666 --> 00:12:52,042
GUTTRIDGE:
I mean, if it is a bull...

240
00:12:52,066 --> 00:12:53,509
JOHNSON:
Look at that.

241
00:12:53,533 --> 00:12:55,009
GUTTRIDGE: Holy á♪á♪á♪á ♪

242
00:12:55,033 --> 00:12:57,042
JOHNSON:
Look at that.

243
00:12:57,066 --> 00:12:58,409
{\an1}JOHNSON: Oh, my God, dude.

244
00:12:58,433 --> 00:13:01,376
GUTTRIDGE:
That is a 3-meter tiger shark.

245
00:13:01,400 --> 00:13:02,942
Okay.

246
00:13:02,966 --> 00:13:06,142
{\an1}BUCHANAN: Tiger sharks are at
the very top of the food chain.

247
00:13:06,166 --> 00:13:08,742
{\an1}They'll even eat other sharks.

248
00:13:08,766 --> 00:13:11,942
But its own safety
is top priority,

249
00:13:11,966 --> 00:13:13,376
{\an1}so the team works carefully.

250
00:13:13,400 --> 00:13:15,142
JOHNSON:
We got her, we got her.

251
00:13:15,166 --> 00:13:18,209
{\an1}BUCHANAN: It's incredibly rare
to catch this species,

252
00:13:18,233 --> 00:13:20,976
and Tristan wants
to make the most of it.

253
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:25,242
{\an1}Like reef sharks, tiger sharks
use coral habitats,

254
00:13:25,266 --> 00:13:28,009
but they explore
other environments, too.

255
00:13:28,033 --> 00:13:30,042
{\an1}So, if we can attach a camera,

256
00:13:30,066 --> 00:13:33,242
{\an1}we can analyze the wider
ecosystem through the eyes

257
00:13:33,266 --> 00:13:36,909
of one of the world's
greatest predators.

258
00:13:36,933 --> 00:13:38,642
The onboard system
has been designed

259
00:13:38,666 --> 00:13:41,476
with the anatomy
of the shark in mind

260
00:13:41,500 --> 00:13:44,742
{\an1}and it can operate down
to 1,600 hundred feet,

261
00:13:44,766 --> 00:13:49,842
{\an1}film in HD, and it can even
record depth and temperature.

262
00:13:49,866 --> 00:13:52,042
{\an1}With everything safely attached,

263
00:13:52,066 --> 00:13:54,409
it's time for this
incredible predator

264
00:13:54,433 --> 00:13:57,376
to capture its underwater world.

265
00:13:57,400 --> 00:14:02,309
{\an8}♪♪♪

266
00:14:02,333 --> 00:14:04,142
{\an1}JOHNSON: Away she goes.

267
00:14:04,166 --> 00:14:06,233
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: Away she goes.

268
00:14:11,100 --> 00:14:12,576
{\an1}JOHNSON: Unbelievable.

269
00:14:12,600 --> 00:14:14,509
GUTTRIDGE: Wow!

270
00:14:14,533 --> 00:14:15,776
Good work.
How's your back?

271
00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:18,409
{\an1}JOHNSON: Totally fine.
Totally fine.

272
00:14:18,433 --> 00:14:20,309
GUTTRIDGE:
I was not expecting that.

273
00:14:20,333 --> 00:14:24,242
This is becoming
very interesting indeed.

274
00:14:24,266 --> 00:14:25,866
Wow.

275
00:14:28,266 --> 00:14:30,009
{\an1}BUCHANAN: Five hours later,

276
00:14:30,033 --> 00:14:32,842
the camera
automatically comes off,

277
00:14:32,866 --> 00:14:36,209
{\an1}but finding it in the open ocean
is a tricky task,

278
00:14:36,233 --> 00:14:39,166
so Tristan is relying
on more technology.

279
00:14:41,300 --> 00:14:43,209
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: Another 20 seconds.

280
00:14:43,233 --> 00:14:45,909
{\an1}BUCHANAN: The camera is equipped
with a satellite beacon,

281
00:14:45,933 --> 00:14:49,876
{\an1}which Tristan can detect
on this handheld device.

282
00:14:49,900 --> 00:14:53,509
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: That satellite tag
is emitting its code

283
00:14:53,533 --> 00:14:55,542
every 90 seconds,

284
00:14:55,566 --> 00:14:59,576
{\an1}and I'm getting a bearing on
where it actually is.

285
00:14:59,600 --> 00:15:02,209
Another 15 seconds,
and we should be good.

286
00:15:02,233 --> 00:15:03,976
You can see the water
is much clearer here,

287
00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:06,142
{\an1}so hopefully the tiger shark
got us some good...

288
00:15:06,166 --> 00:15:07,309
[ Beeping ]

289
00:15:07,333 --> 00:15:11,242
Oh, oh. Oh, yeah.
This way, slightly this way.

290
00:15:11,266 --> 00:15:14,309
BUCHANAN: Suddenly,
a flash of orange

291
00:15:14,333 --> 00:15:16,209
{\an1}stands out against the blue.

292
00:15:16,233 --> 00:15:18,633
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: How did I know
Grant would spot it?

293
00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:22,142
Camera still on it?

294
00:15:22,166 --> 00:15:24,742
JOHNSON: Yeah.

295
00:15:24,766 --> 00:15:27,442
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: The LED's still on!

296
00:15:27,466 --> 00:15:29,300
Disco, disco!

297
00:15:31,766 --> 00:15:34,409
I'm very happy.
The tag's intact.

298
00:15:34,433 --> 00:15:36,442
{\an1}No evidence of rubbing
or anything.

299
00:15:36,466 --> 00:15:39,276
The satellite tag
worked perfectly.

300
00:15:39,300 --> 00:15:41,442
Let's hope there's
some magic in here.

301
00:15:41,466 --> 00:15:43,476
{\an1}JOHNSON: It's gonna be amazing
to see what's on that, dude.

302
00:15:43,500 --> 00:15:45,376
It just went down
to the bottom of the ocean.

303
00:15:45,400 --> 00:15:47,809
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: I know, I know.
I'm very excited.

304
00:15:47,833 --> 00:15:50,876
BUCHANAN:
It's a brilliant success.

305
00:15:50,900 --> 00:15:52,142
And back on dry land,

306
00:15:52,166 --> 00:15:55,842
Tristan and Grant
take a look at the footage.

307
00:15:55,866 --> 00:15:57,109
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: She's moving quick.

308
00:15:57,133 --> 00:15:58,376
JOHNSON:
Oh, you see some little...

309
00:15:58,400 --> 00:16:00,776
{\an1}What is it, little coral
heads or sargassum

310
00:16:00,800 --> 00:16:03,142
that she's starting
to pass through?

311
00:16:03,166 --> 00:16:04,876
There's the wall,
there's the drop-off.

312
00:16:04,900 --> 00:16:07,242
GUTTRIDGE: Yeah.
She gonna go down it?

313
00:16:07,266 --> 00:16:09,776
JOHNSON:
She's just going off the edge.

314
00:16:09,800 --> 00:16:12,209
{\an1}BUCHANAN: This reef wall
is the edge of a deep-sea basin

315
00:16:12,233 --> 00:16:14,442
known as the tongue
of the ocean.

316
00:16:14,466 --> 00:16:17,566
{\an1}And this tiger shark heads
straight to the bottom.

317
00:16:20,133 --> 00:16:22,676
From the depth gage
built into the camera,

318
00:16:22,700 --> 00:16:26,742
{\an1}we know that it's 520 feet deep.

319
00:16:26,766 --> 00:16:29,942
{\an1}That's more than 5 times deeper
than the average scuba diver

320
00:16:29,966 --> 00:16:32,042
is allowed to go.

321
00:16:32,066 --> 00:16:35,242
{\an1}So this shark is potentially
showing us parts of the ocean

322
00:16:35,266 --> 00:16:38,166
that no one
has ever seen before.

323
00:16:39,933 --> 00:16:44,142
{\an1}This footage has helped Tristan
see what the shark sees.

324
00:16:44,166 --> 00:16:45,942
{\an1}And he thinks it may have
dived deep

325
00:16:45,966 --> 00:16:49,042
{\an1}to search for the prey
in the water above.

326
00:16:49,066 --> 00:16:50,476
GUTTRIDGE:
To me, it makes sense.

327
00:16:50,500 --> 00:16:52,542
{\an1}If you're a, you know,
a fast-moving,

328
00:16:52,566 --> 00:16:53,842
{\an1}ambush kind of predator,

329
00:16:53,866 --> 00:16:56,542
{\an1}you go along the bed like that

330
00:16:56,566 --> 00:16:59,709
{\an1}and then you can launch an
attack without being detected.

331
00:16:59,733 --> 00:17:02,176
JOHNSON: Right.

332
00:17:02,200 --> 00:17:03,509
BUCHANAN:
An in-built thermometer

333
00:17:03,533 --> 00:17:07,009
{\an1}also shows it's 9 degrees
Fahrenheit colder down here

334
00:17:07,033 --> 00:17:10,076
than at the surface.

335
00:17:10,100 --> 00:17:12,442
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: My suspicion
is that they're making

336
00:17:12,466 --> 00:17:15,576
{\an1}these excursions onto the flats
to hunt for turtles,

337
00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:18,142
stingrays,
smaller coastal sharks

338
00:17:18,166 --> 00:17:22,809
{\an1}and then going back into
the deeper water to recover.

339
00:17:22,833 --> 00:17:26,142
{\an1}BUCHANAN: This cold, deep water
helps the shark cool off

340
00:17:26,166 --> 00:17:29,442
{\an1}after hunting on the warm,
shallow sand flats,

341
00:17:29,466 --> 00:17:32,942
letting it stay
in peak performance mode.

342
00:17:32,966 --> 00:17:37,242
{\an1}Critical for an apex predator
like this.

343
00:17:37,266 --> 00:17:39,576
{\an1}It's a promising start,

344
00:17:39,600 --> 00:17:41,809
{\an1}but Tristan still needs
to deploy the camera

345
00:17:41,833 --> 00:17:46,209
{\an1}on one of the most important
species in the ecosystem...

346
00:17:46,233 --> 00:17:48,066
{\an1}Caribbean reef sharks.

347
00:17:51,800 --> 00:17:54,542
{\an1}He hopes they'll take us close
to the coral,

348
00:17:54,566 --> 00:17:57,466
{\an1}letting us see how healthy
the local reef is.

349
00:18:01,133 --> 00:18:04,066
{\an1}And it doesn't take long
to find one.

350
00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:08,576
JOHNSON: Oh, boy.

351
00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:10,642
GUTTRIDGE:
Perfect size once again.

352
00:18:10,666 --> 00:18:12,476
BUCHANAN: Every shark
that Tristan catches

353
00:18:12,500 --> 00:18:15,509
{\an1}is measured and tagged
as part of his long-term study

354
00:18:15,533 --> 00:18:17,009
{\an1}to understand the abundance

355
00:18:17,033 --> 00:18:19,342
{\an1}and distribution of sharks
in the area.

356
00:18:19,366 --> 00:18:22,742
GUTTRIDGE: And 189.

357
00:18:22,766 --> 00:18:24,509
{\an1}We try and be as gentle
as we can.

358
00:18:24,533 --> 00:18:26,976
{\an1}We're also trying to do this
as quickly as possible

359
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,676
{\an1}so we can get that shark off
and swimming.

360
00:18:29,700 --> 00:18:31,909
{\an1}BUCHANAN: The camera mount
has soft pads

361
00:18:31,933 --> 00:18:35,000
{\an1}on the inside of the clamp,
which gently hold it in place.

362
00:18:36,533 --> 00:18:44,533
{\an8}♪♪♪

363
00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:55,609
{\an1}Over the next few days,
Tristan and Grant

364
00:18:55,633 --> 00:18:58,176
manage to deploy
four more shark cameras

365
00:18:58,200 --> 00:19:00,442
{\an1}along different sections
of the reef

366
00:19:00,466 --> 00:19:04,142
{\an1}to help get a good overview
of the area.

367
00:19:04,166 --> 00:19:06,642
GUTTRIDGE: Perfect.

368
00:19:06,666 --> 00:19:08,709
Alright, I think
we're ready to release.

369
00:19:08,733 --> 00:19:14,509
{\an8}♪♪♪

370
00:19:14,533 --> 00:19:18,109
{\an1}BUCHANAN: In total, the sharks
have captured almost 25 hours

371
00:19:18,133 --> 00:19:19,909
of onboard footage,

372
00:19:19,933 --> 00:19:22,242
{\an1}giving us a much more detailed
look at their world

373
00:19:22,266 --> 00:19:24,333
{\an1}than any diver could achieve.

374
00:19:27,033 --> 00:19:28,242
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: This is pretty cool.

375
00:19:28,266 --> 00:19:29,642
JOHNSON:
Look at that, look at that.

376
00:19:29,666 --> 00:19:32,009
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: Oh, big 'cuda.
JOHNSON: Oh, big barracuda.

377
00:19:32,033 --> 00:19:35,609
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: I love being able
to see what they're seeing.

378
00:19:35,633 --> 00:19:38,976
{\an1}BUCHANAN: But what the sharks
have filmed is worrying.

379
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:43,076
{\an1}There's a layer of algae
covering much of the reef.

380
00:19:43,100 --> 00:19:45,776
{\an1}Too much algae can reduce
the oxygen levels

381
00:19:45,800 --> 00:19:49,009
{\an1}and block the sunlight,
killing the coral,

382
00:19:49,033 --> 00:19:53,209
{\an1}which then has a negative effect
on everything in the food chain,

383
00:19:53,233 --> 00:19:56,876
{\an1}from wrasse to reef sharks.

384
00:19:56,900 --> 00:19:58,376
GUTTRIDGE:
There's a lot of fishermen here,

385
00:19:58,400 --> 00:20:00,176
{\an1}so they could be putting
a lot of pressure

386
00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:02,209
{\an1}on some of those reef fishes

387
00:20:02,233 --> 00:20:04,909
{\an1}that would be normally
eating the algae

388
00:20:04,933 --> 00:20:08,176
and then maintaining
the health of the system.

389
00:20:08,200 --> 00:20:10,842
{\an1}You've got, obviously,
pollution as well

390
00:20:10,866 --> 00:20:13,776
and then on top
of that, global warming.

391
00:20:13,800 --> 00:20:17,376
{\an1}BUCHANAN: Overfishing,
pollution, and climate change

392
00:20:17,400 --> 00:20:20,742
could all contribute
to this thick algae.

393
00:20:20,766 --> 00:20:23,509
They're global issues
and will only get better

394
00:20:23,533 --> 00:20:27,809
{\an1}if we continue to reduce
our impact on the natural world.

395
00:20:27,833 --> 00:20:30,776
{\an1}The cameras have provided
a great insight into the health

396
00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:33,809
of some of the most
remote corners of this reef.

397
00:20:33,833 --> 00:20:39,276
{\an1}But they've also revealed
some surprising shark behavior.

398
00:20:39,300 --> 00:20:41,042
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: Oh, this is cool.
JOHNSON: Look at that.

399
00:20:41,066 --> 00:20:42,576
Tight little tunnel.

400
00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:44,876
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: Don't tell me
it's gonna go through there.

401
00:20:44,900 --> 00:20:47,176
{\an1}JOHNSON: Wow! That's amazing.

402
00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:49,942
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: Right under
the cave, through the archway.

403
00:20:49,966 --> 00:20:51,542
{\an1}JOHNSON: That's really amazing.

404
00:20:51,566 --> 00:20:53,176
GUTTRIDGE: I mean,
I don't know about you,

405
00:20:53,200 --> 00:20:54,309
{\an1}but I've never really seen one

406
00:20:54,333 --> 00:20:57,609
swimming this deep
into the reef,

407
00:20:57,633 --> 00:21:00,476
{\an1}like down these little gullies.

408
00:21:00,500 --> 00:21:02,876
{\an1}JOHNSON: Makes you wonder
if he's looking for food.

409
00:21:02,900 --> 00:21:05,609
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: That could be
a strategy, I guess.

410
00:21:05,633 --> 00:21:08,942
{\an1}Stay close to the floor,
search around the reef structure

411
00:21:08,966 --> 00:21:11,009
and basically ambush
a reef fish.

412
00:21:11,033 --> 00:21:16,009
{\an1}It can't be easy hunting
reef fish on the reef.

413
00:21:16,033 --> 00:21:17,876
{\an1}There are so many hiding places.

414
00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:20,409
BUCHANAN:
Reef sharks can sniff out prey

415
00:21:20,433 --> 00:21:22,276
{\an1}or use special electroreceptors

416
00:21:22,300 --> 00:21:25,209
{\an1}to detect the heartbeat
of their next meal.

417
00:21:25,233 --> 00:21:29,476
{\an1}But it's hard to catch a fish
before it escapes into the reef.

418
00:21:29,500 --> 00:21:31,209
{\an1}So, by weaving through
the coral,

419
00:21:31,233 --> 00:21:35,242
{\an1}there's a chance this shark
can sneak up on its next victim.

420
00:21:35,266 --> 00:21:38,376
{\an1}It might also keep them hidden
from bigger predators

421
00:21:38,400 --> 00:21:43,209
{\an1}like tiger sharks who,
as we know, patrol this area.

422
00:21:43,233 --> 00:21:45,009
Seeing this behavior
is something

423
00:21:45,033 --> 00:21:47,809
{\an1}that only onboard cameras
could reveal.

424
00:21:47,833 --> 00:21:49,942
As soon as a diver
enters the water,

425
00:21:49,966 --> 00:21:51,609
{\an1}the sharks behave differently.

426
00:21:51,633 --> 00:21:54,309
{\an1}And there's no way a human
could keep up

427
00:21:54,333 --> 00:21:56,942
through these tight
coral corridors.

428
00:21:56,966 --> 00:21:58,576
GUTTRIDGE: Oh.
JOHNSON: Whoa.

429
00:21:58,600 --> 00:22:00,733
GUTTRIDGE: Oh, that's
when the tag came off.

430
00:22:04,133 --> 00:22:06,442
JOHNSON: No matter
how much scuba-diving you do,

431
00:22:06,466 --> 00:22:07,609
{\an1}you're never gonna be able

432
00:22:07,633 --> 00:22:09,376
{\an1}to spend that much time
with a shark.

433
00:22:09,400 --> 00:22:11,142
{\an1}GUTTRIDGE: Exactly, and
that's the big difference.

434
00:22:11,166 --> 00:22:13,209
That's the thing
that these tags do for us

435
00:22:13,233 --> 00:22:16,642
is we get five hours
of uninterrupted footage

436
00:22:16,666 --> 00:22:18,176
{\an1}of where these animals are going

437
00:22:18,200 --> 00:22:20,142
and how
they're using the habitat.

438
00:22:20,166 --> 00:22:22,709
BUCHANAN: The cameras
have been a success,

439
00:22:22,733 --> 00:22:26,542
{\an1}showing us that these sharks
can hunt among the coral

440
00:22:26,566 --> 00:22:29,442
in ways Tristan
had never seen before.

441
00:22:29,466 --> 00:22:33,042
{\an1}And the footage proves that this
reef needs further protection

442
00:22:33,066 --> 00:22:35,509
{\an1}from the global impact
of mankind

443
00:22:35,533 --> 00:22:38,533
{\an1}if it's to remain a shark mecca.

444
00:22:39,633 --> 00:22:44,809
{\an8}♪♪♪

445
00:22:44,833 --> 00:22:48,009
{\an1}Back in the Atlantic Ocean,
on the island of Sal,

446
00:22:48,033 --> 00:22:51,466
our turtle-cam
has been deployed for 24 hours.

447
00:22:54,633 --> 00:22:57,276
{\an1}Biologists Albert and Christophe
need to find out

448
00:22:57,300 --> 00:23:00,733
{\an1}if the loggerheads feed here
during the nesting season.

449
00:23:03,500 --> 00:23:06,009
{\an1}If we can film this behavior,
it will prove

450
00:23:06,033 --> 00:23:08,276
{\an1}that this marine ecosystem
is vital

451
00:23:08,300 --> 00:23:12,376
for the turtles
and needs protecting.

452
00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:16,642
{\an1}But first we have to get
the camera back.

453
00:23:16,666 --> 00:23:18,176
{\an1}It's 7:00 in the morning.

454
00:23:18,200 --> 00:23:21,242
{\an1}We've just had a ping from
the GPS on the turtle's camera,

455
00:23:21,266 --> 00:23:24,042
{\an1}so it must have come off
and floated up to the surface.

456
00:23:24,066 --> 00:23:27,942
{\an1}We're heading out on a boat
and hopefully we can find it.

457
00:23:27,966 --> 00:23:31,842
{\an1}We can only get a satellite
location every few hours,

458
00:23:31,866 --> 00:23:34,442
{\an1}so it's a race to find
the camera before the current

459
00:23:34,466 --> 00:23:36,133
{\an1}carries it off course.

460
00:23:42,200 --> 00:23:45,766
{\an1}To help us, we're also using
a VHF radio antenna.

461
00:23:50,300 --> 00:23:53,276
{\an1}But sometimes our own eyesight

462
00:23:53,300 --> 00:23:55,542
is better
than the latest technology.

463
00:23:55,566 --> 00:24:03,566
{\an8}♪♪♪

464
00:24:06,166 --> 00:24:09,676
{\an1}[ Indistinct conversations ]

465
00:24:09,700 --> 00:24:13,276
[ Cheering ]

466
00:24:13,300 --> 00:24:14,776
{\an1}I cannot believe that.

467
00:24:14,800 --> 00:24:17,842
Our keen-eyed
skipper spotted it.

468
00:24:17,866 --> 00:24:25,866
{\an8}♪♪♪

469
00:24:26,733 --> 00:24:28,842
Amazing.

470
00:24:28,866 --> 00:24:30,733
{\an1}It's still largely intact.

471
00:24:33,433 --> 00:24:36,142
{\an1}It's quite something that
this has spent 24 hours

472
00:24:36,166 --> 00:24:40,509
on the back
of a loggerhead turtle.

473
00:24:40,533 --> 00:24:42,642
But will our footage
provide the insight

474
00:24:42,666 --> 00:24:45,976
{\an1}that Albert and Christophe
have been waiting for?

475
00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:50,242
{\an1}Will it show her feeding
in local waters?

476
00:24:50,266 --> 00:24:54,776
{\an1}Time to take a look with Albert
and Christophe back at the lab.

477
00:24:54,800 --> 00:24:57,342
So this really is
the big moment,

478
00:24:57,366 --> 00:24:59,809
{\an1}all of those long nights
on the beach

479
00:24:59,833 --> 00:25:02,242
{\an1}deploying these cameras
and we've got the footage here

480
00:25:02,266 --> 00:25:04,209
that we are gonna see
for the very first time.

481
00:25:04,233 --> 00:25:05,409
{\an1}EIZAGUIRRE: Tell me about it!

482
00:25:05,433 --> 00:25:06,676
{\an1}Just press play, let's go!

483
00:25:06,700 --> 00:25:08,309
{\an1}BUCHANAN: Okay, here we go.

484
00:25:08,333 --> 00:25:14,376
{\an8}♪♪♪

485
00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:16,376
EIZAGUIRRE: Nice.

486
00:25:16,400 --> 00:25:18,109
BUCHANAN: Wow!

487
00:25:18,133 --> 00:25:21,176
{\an1}The view from the camera
is crystal clear,

488
00:25:21,200 --> 00:25:23,509
and straightaway,
our turtle rewrites

489
00:25:23,533 --> 00:25:26,976
{\an1}a common scientific theory.

490
00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:29,576
{\an1}Female loggerheads were thought
to be solitary

491
00:25:29,600 --> 00:25:32,442
{\an1}during the nesting season.

492
00:25:32,466 --> 00:25:36,242
{\an1}But this footage proves they do
interact with one another,

493
00:25:36,266 --> 00:25:39,100
{\an1}far more than was ever expected.

494
00:25:41,300 --> 00:25:44,509
{\an1}And there's another surprise
discovery

495
00:25:44,533 --> 00:25:48,176
{\an1}when this turtle encounters
a sunken anchor.

496
00:25:48,200 --> 00:25:52,909
{\an8}♪♪♪

497
00:25:52,933 --> 00:25:54,809
{\an1}EIZAGUIRRE: Oh, my God!

498
00:25:54,833 --> 00:25:55,976
{\an1}BUCHANAN: What's she doing,
is she feeding?

499
00:25:56,000 --> 00:25:58,242
EIZAGUIRRE: She is.
BUCHANAN: Wow, she is.

500
00:25:58,266 --> 00:26:00,566
{\an1}EIZAGUIRRE: She is feeding
on the seaweed on the anchor.

501
00:26:03,800 --> 00:26:05,433
{\an1}EIZAGUIRRE: That's unbelievable.

502
00:26:08,566 --> 00:26:11,009
{\an1}And one of the really, really
interesting elements

503
00:26:11,033 --> 00:26:14,076
is that it's so soon
after the nesting.

504
00:26:14,100 --> 00:26:15,876
{\an1}I certainly did not expect that.

505
00:26:15,900 --> 00:26:18,409
TAXONERA:
It's the first time ever

506
00:26:18,433 --> 00:26:20,500
{\an1}that we've seen this behavior.

507
00:26:22,966 --> 00:26:24,442
BUCHANAN: Exquisite.

508
00:26:24,466 --> 00:26:26,742
This turtle's gonna
put me out of a job.

509
00:26:26,766 --> 00:26:30,176
Put every underwater
camera person out of a job.

510
00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:32,942
This is the evidence
we were looking for.

511
00:26:32,966 --> 00:26:35,576
{\an1}It proves that these turtles
do feed

512
00:26:35,600 --> 00:26:38,176
during their 5-month
breeding season,

513
00:26:38,200 --> 00:26:42,442
{\an1}so this marine ecosystem
needs more protection.

514
00:26:42,466 --> 00:26:46,833
{\an1}And that can't come soon enough,
based on what she films next.

515
00:26:49,066 --> 00:26:51,142
{\an1}It's a discarded fishing net

516
00:26:51,166 --> 00:26:54,909
that's smothering
a large part of the reef.

517
00:26:54,933 --> 00:26:58,576
{\an1}The turtle is clearly trying
to feed through the net,

518
00:26:58,600 --> 00:27:00,909
{\an1}but if she accidentally
swallows it,

519
00:27:00,933 --> 00:27:05,342
{\an1}it could have a negative effect
on her health.

520
00:27:05,366 --> 00:27:09,066
{\an1}It's a stark reminder of why
these waters need safeguarding.

521
00:27:11,600 --> 00:27:16,300
{\an1}Thankfully our turtle swims off
and out into deeper waters.

522
00:27:21,266 --> 00:27:27,142
{\an1}And she feeds again, this time
on a jelly-like sea-squirt.

523
00:27:27,166 --> 00:27:28,942
I mean,
this is sort of foraging,

524
00:27:28,966 --> 00:27:32,742
{\an1}sort of constantly grazing
that she's doing here.

525
00:27:32,766 --> 00:27:35,042
{\an1}EIZAGUIRRE: You can see, like,
pieces floating around,

526
00:27:35,066 --> 00:27:37,909
so she is definitely
feeding on that.

527
00:27:37,933 --> 00:27:41,542
{\an1}BUCHANAN: Feeding in this way,
is that enough sort of food

528
00:27:41,566 --> 00:27:43,742
for her in a day,
if she is constantly

529
00:27:43,766 --> 00:27:46,809
just browsing her way
through the ocean?

530
00:27:46,833 --> 00:27:48,042
{\an1}EIZAGUIRRE: I want to say no.

531
00:27:48,066 --> 00:27:50,309
{\an1}As you know and you've seen...

532
00:27:50,333 --> 00:27:53,442
{\an1}nesting is really, really
energy-consuming.

533
00:27:53,466 --> 00:27:57,942
{\an1}So I believe they top up
their reserves right now.

534
00:27:57,966 --> 00:27:59,942
BUCHANAN:
Dive and feed complete,

535
00:27:59,966 --> 00:28:04,242
{\an1}she heads towards the surface
for a breath.

536
00:28:04,266 --> 00:28:08,709
{\an1}But before she gets there,
she encounters another turtle,

537
00:28:08,733 --> 00:28:11,942
{\an1}and this one is covered
in barnacles and seaweed...

538
00:28:11,966 --> 00:28:15,000
An indication
that it's very old.

539
00:28:16,966 --> 00:28:21,409
{\an1}It's amazing to see so much life
growing on that turtle

540
00:28:21,433 --> 00:28:23,976
but also following
the turtle around,

541
00:28:24,000 --> 00:28:25,909
{\an1}this sort of moving ecosystem.

542
00:28:25,933 --> 00:28:27,276
EIZAGUIRRE: Totally.

543
00:28:27,300 --> 00:28:30,042
{\an1}When you actually protect
the turtle, you also protect

544
00:28:30,066 --> 00:28:34,366
{\an1}all the ecosystem around them,
the fish, the entire habitat.

545
00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:37,809
{\an1}You see, if we did not have
the camera

546
00:28:37,833 --> 00:28:42,076
{\an1}but only a tagging device
like a GPS system,

547
00:28:42,100 --> 00:28:44,476
{\an1}we would never know that
that turtle spends so much time

548
00:28:44,500 --> 00:28:46,709
at the surface
with another turtle.

549
00:28:46,733 --> 00:28:49,142
BUCHANAN: Yeah.

550
00:28:49,166 --> 00:28:52,142
{\an1}So does this, in some way,
rewrite the science books

551
00:28:52,166 --> 00:28:53,842
on what we know
about these animals?

552
00:28:53,866 --> 00:28:55,933
{\an1}EIZAGUIRRE: It certainly
rewrites my knowledge.

553
00:28:58,500 --> 00:29:01,176
{\an1}BUCHANAN: From what we've
learned from this turtle,

554
00:29:01,200 --> 00:29:04,409
{\an1}can that be used to help protect
different turtle populations

555
00:29:04,433 --> 00:29:05,909
around the world?

556
00:29:05,933 --> 00:29:09,576
{\an1}TAXONERA: Showing this footage,
these behaviors is beautiful,

557
00:29:09,600 --> 00:29:11,476
Like, it will help
people understand

558
00:29:11,500 --> 00:29:12,842
{\an1}why we need to protect them,

559
00:29:12,866 --> 00:29:15,076
why we need to stop
polluting our oceans,

560
00:29:15,100 --> 00:29:17,766
{\an1}why we need to stop overfishing.

561
00:29:19,033 --> 00:29:21,376
EIZAGUIRRE:
The Cape Verde aggregation

562
00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:24,842
{\an1}is probably the second largest
aggregation in the world.

563
00:29:24,866 --> 00:29:26,576
{\an1}If we lose this aggregation,

564
00:29:26,600 --> 00:29:30,766
{\an1}the entire species is in true
danger of extinction.

565
00:29:32,533 --> 00:29:35,576
{\an1}BUCHANAN: This turtle's footage
brings new insight

566
00:29:35,600 --> 00:29:39,476
into the loggerheads'
hidden world,

567
00:29:39,500 --> 00:29:43,376
{\an1}revealing that they're more
social than we ever imagined

568
00:29:43,400 --> 00:29:47,176
and that they do feed
during the nesting season...

569
00:29:47,200 --> 00:29:49,942
{\an1}a world first for science.

570
00:29:49,966 --> 00:29:52,676
{\an1}And it's the proof that Albert
and Christophe needed to push

571
00:29:52,700 --> 00:29:55,733
{\an1}for greater protection
of these vital waters.

572
00:29:58,266 --> 00:30:00,609
{\an1}And I hope it safeguards
the future

573
00:30:00,633 --> 00:30:03,209
{\an1}of this beautiful species
on Cape Verde

574
00:30:03,233 --> 00:30:05,700
{\an1}for many years to come.

575
00:30:13,300 --> 00:30:16,076
{\an1}It's not only animals that live
beneath the waves

576
00:30:16,100 --> 00:30:18,976
{\an1}that have a hidden side
to their lives.

577
00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:20,542
{\an1}I'm about to meet some animals

578
00:30:20,566 --> 00:30:23,076
{\an1}who will take the mini cameras
on land,

579
00:30:23,100 --> 00:30:27,776
{\an1}in water, and up in the air
to solve some mysteries.

580
00:30:27,800 --> 00:30:31,642
{\an8}♪♪♪

581
00:30:31,666 --> 00:30:34,676
Gannets!

582
00:30:34,700 --> 00:30:39,142
{\an1}They're one of the most
aerobatic seabirds in the world,

583
00:30:39,166 --> 00:30:42,309
{\an1}renowned for their spectacular
high dives.

584
00:30:42,333 --> 00:30:46,209
{\an1}They can drop like an arrow
from over 100 feet up

585
00:30:46,233 --> 00:30:49,709
and strike the water
at 50 miles per hour.

586
00:30:49,733 --> 00:30:54,709
{\an1}These feathered torpedoes can
plunge 65 feet underwater,

587
00:30:54,733 --> 00:30:56,666
{\an1}where they can pick off
their meal.

588
00:30:58,700 --> 00:31:01,642
{\an1}To protect themselves during
these legendary stunts,

589
00:31:01,666 --> 00:31:04,342
they're equipped with
extremely strong neck muscles

590
00:31:04,366 --> 00:31:07,209
{\an1}and a spongy plate of bone
at the front of their skull

591
00:31:07,233 --> 00:31:09,066
{\an1}to cushion the impact.

592
00:31:12,433 --> 00:31:15,576
{\an1}They're famous for their
incredible hunting skills,

593
00:31:15,600 --> 00:31:18,542
but how do they find
small shoals of fish

594
00:31:18,566 --> 00:31:22,476
hidden underwater
in the wide-open ocean?

595
00:31:22,500 --> 00:31:25,242
{\an1}I can stand on a gannet colony
like this

596
00:31:25,266 --> 00:31:29,509
{\an1}and with a big, long lens
get quite intimate views,

597
00:31:29,533 --> 00:31:32,609
but that's just half
the story really.

598
00:31:32,633 --> 00:31:34,342
{\an1}Given that gannets can fly

599
00:31:34,366 --> 00:31:36,942
up to 250 miles away
from their nest,

600
00:31:36,966 --> 00:31:39,742
{\an1}it would be impossible for me
to follow an individual

601
00:31:39,766 --> 00:31:43,776
{\an1}to find out exactly what
it's doing that far away.

602
00:31:43,800 --> 00:31:47,476
So, this is a job
for the mini-camera technology.

603
00:31:47,500 --> 00:31:52,009
{\an1}I would say that we are
pretty much guaranteed

604
00:31:52,033 --> 00:31:55,942
{\an1}to get some dramatic footage
from an onboard camera.

605
00:31:55,966 --> 00:31:57,842
{\an1}And when they're not flying
around

606
00:31:57,866 --> 00:32:00,409
dramatic clifftop
colonies like this,

607
00:32:00,433 --> 00:32:05,009
they're soaring over
or plunging into the ocean.

608
00:32:05,033 --> 00:32:08,242
{\an1}In Ireland, Dr. Mark Jessopp
is trying to unravel

609
00:32:08,266 --> 00:32:11,476
{\an1}some of the gannet's mysteries.

610
00:32:11,500 --> 00:32:12,709
{\an1}JESSOPP: For a number of years,
we've been able

611
00:32:12,733 --> 00:32:15,142
{\an7}to put GPS tracking devices
on birds

612
00:32:15,166 --> 00:32:17,276
{\an7}and that effectively tells us
where animals are going

613
00:32:17,300 --> 00:32:19,976
{\an7}when they're out at sea
and where they go to forage,

614
00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:21,742
{\an7}but we're still not sure
how they forage

615
00:32:21,766 --> 00:32:23,442
or what the cues are
that they might use

616
00:32:23,466 --> 00:32:26,209
{\an1}to say "There's food here."

617
00:32:26,233 --> 00:32:29,309
{\an1}BUCHANAN: In 60 years,
seabird populations in general,

618
00:32:29,333 --> 00:32:33,242
including puffins,
have declined by 70%,

619
00:32:33,266 --> 00:32:35,009
but not gannets.

620
00:32:35,033 --> 00:32:38,242
They are thriving.

621
00:32:38,266 --> 00:32:40,509
Mark wants to use
onboard cameras

622
00:32:40,533 --> 00:32:43,309
to see how gannets
find their food,

623
00:32:43,333 --> 00:32:47,876
{\an1}because he thinks that's
what makes them so successful.

624
00:32:47,900 --> 00:32:49,909
{\an1}JESSOPP: Gannets are a really
fascinating species.

625
00:32:49,933 --> 00:32:51,276
You know, they're one
of those species

626
00:32:51,300 --> 00:32:54,409
{\an1}that have bucked the trend
of global seabird declines,

627
00:32:54,433 --> 00:32:57,076
{\an1}and gannets tend to be
increasing in populations,

628
00:32:57,100 --> 00:32:59,476
{\an1}so we really want to understand
how and why they're doing it.

629
00:32:59,500 --> 00:33:01,209
One of the theories
is that they're getting

630
00:33:01,233 --> 00:33:04,242
{\an1}supplemental food from humans
through fisheries discards.

631
00:33:04,266 --> 00:33:07,776
{\an1}Ideally I'd love to see
something like fishing vessels,

632
00:33:07,800 --> 00:33:11,442
{\an1}perhaps other animals,
you know, pie in the sky,

633
00:33:11,466 --> 00:33:12,842
{\an1}maybe we'll see some dolphins

634
00:33:12,866 --> 00:33:15,309
{\an1}and feeding associations
with dolphins.

635
00:33:15,333 --> 00:33:19,042
You know, the sky's
the limit here really.

636
00:33:19,066 --> 00:33:22,209
{\an1}BUCHANAN: If Mark can discover
how gannets find their food,

637
00:33:22,233 --> 00:33:24,776
he can work out
how to help other seabirds

638
00:33:24,800 --> 00:33:27,109
that are in decline.

639
00:33:27,133 --> 00:33:30,109
{\an1}So, we need a camera that's
waterproof and lightweight

640
00:33:30,133 --> 00:33:34,676
yet strong enough
to withstand a big impact.

641
00:33:34,700 --> 00:33:38,309
{\an1}It's one of the hardest
challenges we've ever faced.

642
00:33:38,333 --> 00:33:41,809
Tackling the task
is tech wizard Chris Watts.

643
00:33:41,833 --> 00:33:43,876
{\an1}He's built cutting-edge cameras

644
00:33:43,900 --> 00:33:46,842
{\an1}for an incredible variety
of animals.

645
00:33:46,866 --> 00:33:48,876
{\an1}And he's spent three months

646
00:33:48,900 --> 00:33:51,642
developing
a bespoke gannet camera.

647
00:33:51,666 --> 00:33:53,442
WATTS:
So this has been our solution.

648
00:33:53,466 --> 00:33:56,476
It can record in HD.
It can do slow motion.

649
00:33:56,500 --> 00:34:01,042
{\an1}We've also fitted it with
the widest angle lens we can,

650
00:34:01,066 --> 00:34:03,809
and we're hoping
that we can get it

651
00:34:03,833 --> 00:34:07,176
{\an1}on the back of the bird
sort of base of the tail,

652
00:34:07,200 --> 00:34:09,476
{\an1}which means we're just not
gonna miss any action.

653
00:34:09,500 --> 00:34:14,642
{\an1}It's coming in at... 60 grams,

654
00:34:14,666 --> 00:34:17,376
{\an1}which is pretty much perfect.

655
00:34:17,400 --> 00:34:20,242
BUCHANAN: That's 2%
of the gannet's body weight,

656
00:34:20,266 --> 00:34:22,509
easily light enough
for them to fly with

657
00:34:22,533 --> 00:34:26,176
{\an1}and the battery should last
for almost two hours.

658
00:34:26,200 --> 00:34:29,776
{\an1}Packing this much technology
into such a small space

659
00:34:29,800 --> 00:34:32,109
{\an1}is an incredible achievement.

660
00:34:32,133 --> 00:34:35,809
{\an1}But can it deal with the impact
of hitting the water

661
00:34:35,833 --> 00:34:37,909
at high speed?

662
00:34:37,933 --> 00:34:40,776
When gannets strike
the surface of the sea,

663
00:34:40,800 --> 00:34:44,776
{\an1}they experience almost 9G
as they decelerate,

664
00:34:44,800 --> 00:34:48,133
{\an1}which is more than most
fighter pilots can contend with.

665
00:34:49,666 --> 00:34:53,342
To see if the camera
can withstand such high forces,

666
00:34:53,366 --> 00:34:55,442
{\an1}Chris is going to some
extreme measures

667
00:34:55,466 --> 00:34:57,509
{\an1}to put them to the test.

668
00:34:57,533 --> 00:35:01,876
{\an8}♪♪♪

669
00:35:01,900 --> 00:35:03,842
{\an1}WATTS: Today this is the moment
of truth really.

670
00:35:03,866 --> 00:35:06,309
{\an1}If it's not waterproof
and it can't take the impact

671
00:35:06,333 --> 00:35:09,276
of hitting the water,
then it's all for nothing.

672
00:35:09,300 --> 00:35:11,409
BUCHANAN:
To simulate a gannet's dive,

673
00:35:11,433 --> 00:35:15,076
{\an1}Chris is strapping the camera
to an arrow,

674
00:35:15,100 --> 00:35:17,100
{\an1}ready to be fired out to sea.

675
00:35:18,933 --> 00:35:21,600
{\an1}WATTS: So there we have it...
The camera arrow.

676
00:35:24,600 --> 00:35:28,309
{\an1}It seems slightly a crazy way
of testing a camera,

677
00:35:28,333 --> 00:35:31,342
but I can't think
of a better way.

678
00:35:31,366 --> 00:35:39,366
{\an8}♪♪♪

679
00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:48,509
{\an1}BUCHANAN: A fishing reel

680
00:35:48,533 --> 00:35:51,076
{\an1}brings it back to shore
for inspection.

681
00:35:51,100 --> 00:35:54,200
{\an8}♪♪♪

682
00:36:00,166 --> 00:36:02,466
{\an1}WATTS: So does it look like
it survived?

683
00:36:04,166 --> 00:36:06,842
{\an1}MAN: Nothing in the front port,
so...

684
00:36:06,866 --> 00:36:08,542
Yeah, good.

685
00:36:08,566 --> 00:36:09,909
BUCHANAN: A triumph.

686
00:36:09,933 --> 00:36:14,242
{\an1}Even after repeated trials,
the camera remains intact.

687
00:36:14,266 --> 00:36:16,742
Now it's time
for the real thing.

688
00:36:16,766 --> 00:36:21,242
{\an8}♪♪♪

689
00:36:21,266 --> 00:36:23,942
{\an1}3 miles out in the Irish sea,

690
00:36:23,966 --> 00:36:28,076
{\an1}Mark and his team are heading
to the remote Saltee Islands...

691
00:36:28,100 --> 00:36:31,233
Home to over 7,000
breeding gannets.

692
00:36:34,200 --> 00:36:37,876
The onboard camera
will only record for two hours,

693
00:36:37,900 --> 00:36:39,942
{\an1}so the team needs to recruit
a gannet

694
00:36:39,966 --> 00:36:42,200
that's just about to go fishing.

695
00:36:44,266 --> 00:36:46,842
{\an1}JESSOPP: Birds can sit here at
the nest for three or four days,

696
00:36:46,866 --> 00:36:49,309
and the batteries
will only last so long.

697
00:36:49,333 --> 00:36:50,876
{\an1}And so we want to make sure
we're getting a bird

698
00:36:50,900 --> 00:36:52,909
{\an1}just as it's about to leave.

699
00:36:52,933 --> 00:36:55,676
BUCHANAN:
The parents work in shifts.

700
00:36:55,700 --> 00:36:57,009
{\an1}While one guards the chick,

701
00:36:57,033 --> 00:37:00,442
{\an1}the other goes foraging
for up to four days.

702
00:37:00,466 --> 00:37:04,809
{\an1}They then swap over, and that's
the moment Mark is looking for.

703
00:37:04,833 --> 00:37:06,542
{\an1}MAN #2: Over there, we've just
had one come in, Mark.

704
00:37:06,566 --> 00:37:07,742
Do you want...

705
00:37:07,766 --> 00:37:09,076
The one on the left
has just fed the chick.

706
00:37:09,100 --> 00:37:10,242
{\an1}JESSOPP: So we want the one
on the right?

707
00:37:10,266 --> 00:37:11,576
MAN #2: Yes.
JESSOPP: Okay, let's get him.

708
00:37:11,600 --> 00:37:13,809
MAN #2: Excellent.

709
00:37:13,833 --> 00:37:15,776
{\an1}BUCHANAN: Mark's research
project means he has

710
00:37:15,800 --> 00:37:18,566
special permission
to catch these adults.

711
00:37:22,533 --> 00:37:24,200
JESSOPP: Ready?
MAN #2: Yup.

712
00:37:29,033 --> 00:37:32,009
{\an1}BUCHANAN: The chick is safe
with the other parent.

713
00:37:32,033 --> 00:37:34,276
{\an1}And when our bird is bagged,
it relaxes

714
00:37:34,300 --> 00:37:37,576
and Mark can do
a few essential health checks.

715
00:37:37,600 --> 00:37:40,000
JESSOPP:
And that's 3 kilos exactly.

716
00:37:41,700 --> 00:37:44,309
BUCHANAN:
This one is in top condition,

717
00:37:44,333 --> 00:37:47,676
a perfect candidate
for carrying the camera.

718
00:37:47,700 --> 00:37:50,542
{\an1}JESSOPP: So we attach it
to the central tail feathers,

719
00:37:50,566 --> 00:37:52,276
and that means
it is far enough away

720
00:37:52,300 --> 00:37:55,509
{\an1}from where the head goes hitting
into the water at high speed.

721
00:37:55,533 --> 00:38:00,242
{\an1}So the tags don't get ripped off
by that hydrodynamic drag.

722
00:38:00,266 --> 00:38:02,742
{\an1}BUCHANAN: This tape should hold
the camera in place,

723
00:38:02,766 --> 00:38:05,676
but it's soft enough
that the bird could rip it off

724
00:38:05,700 --> 00:38:07,242
{\an1}if it's not comfortable.

725
00:38:07,266 --> 00:38:10,176
Which means
there's a very real risk

726
00:38:10,200 --> 00:38:14,576
these cameras
won't come back at all.

727
00:38:14,600 --> 00:38:17,442
MAN #2: You have it?
JESSOPP: Yup.

728
00:38:17,466 --> 00:38:19,176
BUCHANAN:
With everything in place,

729
00:38:19,200 --> 00:38:20,742
{\an1}it's time for this bird

730
00:38:20,766 --> 00:38:23,976
to reveal
its secret life at sea.

731
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:28,342
{\an8}♪♪♪

732
00:38:28,366 --> 00:38:30,209
{\an1}JESSOPP: Flying away quite nice
and strong.

733
00:38:30,233 --> 00:38:31,776
{\an1}MAN #2: Seems to be very happy.

734
00:38:31,800 --> 00:38:33,076
JESSOPP: Going off,

735
00:38:33,100 --> 00:38:35,009
hopefully on a nice
foraging trip for us as well.

736
00:38:35,033 --> 00:38:36,442
MAN #2:
Shall we go and get another?

737
00:38:36,466 --> 00:38:38,276
{\an1}JESSOPP: I think we should.

738
00:38:38,300 --> 00:38:40,176
MAN #2:
Everything is switched on.

739
00:38:40,200 --> 00:38:48,200
{\an8}♪♪♪

740
00:38:59,200 --> 00:39:01,476
BUCHANAN:
And after just 24 hours,

741
00:39:01,500 --> 00:39:05,300
{\an1}the first gannet returns
with the camera intact.

742
00:39:09,300 --> 00:39:11,709
{\an1}JESSOPP: Over the chick
and around the bird. Go!

743
00:39:11,733 --> 00:39:19,276
{\an8}♪♪♪

744
00:39:19,300 --> 00:39:21,209
{\an1}Really looking forward to seeing
what's on the camera.

745
00:39:21,233 --> 00:39:23,609
We have no idea.

746
00:39:23,633 --> 00:39:26,009
{\an1}He's had a very successful
foraging trip, I think.

747
00:39:26,033 --> 00:39:27,042
He feels very heavy.

748
00:39:27,066 --> 00:39:29,109
Oh, you fatty.

749
00:39:29,133 --> 00:39:32,176
BUCHANAN:
This gannet has put on 14 ounces

750
00:39:32,200 --> 00:39:33,476
{\an1}since it was caught yesterday.

751
00:39:33,500 --> 00:39:36,042
{\an1}So Mark knows it's been fishing.

752
00:39:36,066 --> 00:39:39,709
{\an1}We just hope that the camera
was running at the right time.

753
00:39:39,733 --> 00:39:42,242
{\an1}JESSOPP: I'd love to know
what prompted that dive.

754
00:39:42,266 --> 00:39:43,876
{\an1}You know, what did it see
that says,

755
00:39:43,900 --> 00:39:47,309
{\an1}"This is where I need to dive
to successfully get food"?

756
00:39:47,333 --> 00:39:49,509
{\an1}BUCHANAN: The bird is given
a careful health check

757
00:39:49,533 --> 00:39:51,909
{\an1}and released back into the wild.

758
00:39:51,933 --> 00:39:57,609
{\an8}♪♪♪

759
00:39:57,633 --> 00:40:02,542
{\an1}Then the team can take a look
at the first batch of footage.

760
00:40:02,566 --> 00:40:04,642
{\an1}What immediately surprises them

761
00:40:04,666 --> 00:40:08,876
{\an1}is just how close to the water
the gannets seem to fly.

762
00:40:08,900 --> 00:40:11,276
- Oh, look at that.
- Oh, wow.

763
00:40:11,300 --> 00:40:12,576
{\an1}JESSOPP: This is great
for people

764
00:40:12,600 --> 00:40:14,409
{\an1}who've been doing a lot of work
looking at things

765
00:40:14,433 --> 00:40:16,009
{\an1}like gannets' vulnerability
to wind farms.

766
00:40:16,033 --> 00:40:17,576
And obviously,
when they're flying that low,

767
00:40:17,600 --> 00:40:20,709
{\an1}they're well outside of
the sweep area of any turbine.

768
00:40:20,733 --> 00:40:23,900
{\an1}So you would say there would be
very little risk of collision.

769
00:40:26,600 --> 00:40:28,142
BUCHANAN:
And to their delight,

770
00:40:28,166 --> 00:40:30,642
{\an1}the team have captured
some diving behavior.

771
00:40:30,666 --> 00:40:33,409
{\an1}JESSOPP: Oh, plunge dives.
Head.

772
00:40:33,433 --> 00:40:35,576
Oh!

773
00:40:35,600 --> 00:40:37,242
- My goodness me.
- That is so cool

774
00:40:37,266 --> 00:40:38,909
{\an1}MAN #2: That is lovely.

775
00:40:38,933 --> 00:40:41,242
I have always wanted
to see that.

776
00:40:41,266 --> 00:40:44,409
{\an1}JESSOPP: Yup, the trip was
worth it for that one alone.

777
00:40:44,433 --> 00:40:46,176
BUCHANAN:
It's a brilliant start,

778
00:40:46,200 --> 00:40:48,909
but because
the action happens so fast,

779
00:40:48,933 --> 00:40:52,342
{\an1}it's hard to see how the gannets
are finding their food.

780
00:40:52,366 --> 00:40:55,742
{\an1}So the team sets out to get more
onboard footage,

781
00:40:55,766 --> 00:40:59,442
{\an1}but this time the cameras are
set to record in slow motion.

782
00:40:59,466 --> 00:41:00,876
So this time,

783
00:41:00,900 --> 00:41:04,042
{\an1}we should see precisely
how they're finding the fish.

784
00:41:04,066 --> 00:41:08,142
{\an8}♪♪♪

785
00:41:08,166 --> 00:41:11,942
{\an1}In total, seven gannets
take the cameras out to sea

786
00:41:11,966 --> 00:41:15,709
{\an1}and return them safely back
to the colony.

787
00:41:15,733 --> 00:41:18,609
And after carefully
analyzing the footage,

788
00:41:18,633 --> 00:41:22,633
{\an1}Mark can see exactly how the
gannets are finding their food.

789
00:41:25,233 --> 00:41:27,376
{\an1}JESSOPP: So we're looking at one
of my favorite sequences here.

790
00:41:27,400 --> 00:41:29,709
{\an1}It's one where, all of a sudden,

791
00:41:29,733 --> 00:41:32,109
{\an1}we start seeing common dolphins
up at the surface.

792
00:41:32,133 --> 00:41:34,942
{\an1}And within seconds, the gannets
are going straight towards

793
00:41:34,966 --> 00:41:38,476
{\an1}those dolphins and diving.

794
00:41:38,500 --> 00:41:40,342
It's really exciting
to see them,

795
00:41:40,366 --> 00:41:43,276
{\an1}and I never thought we'd get
footage that was of a resolution

796
00:41:43,300 --> 00:41:45,109
{\an1}that we could identify
the species,

797
00:41:45,133 --> 00:41:48,109
{\an1}and, you know, they're
quite clearly common dolphins.

798
00:41:48,133 --> 00:41:51,242
{\an1}BUCHANAN: Underwater, the
camera's in-built microphone

799
00:41:51,266 --> 00:41:53,909
{\an1}has even recorded their calls.

800
00:41:53,933 --> 00:41:55,600
{\an1}[ Dolphins squeaking ]

801
00:41:58,866 --> 00:42:01,142
{\an1}Mark believes the birds
are using the dolphins

802
00:42:01,166 --> 00:42:03,100
{\an1}to help find their food.

803
00:42:05,566 --> 00:42:07,076
{\an1}And he's found evidence

804
00:42:07,100 --> 00:42:10,476
{\an1}that they're following
other marine animals, too.

805
00:42:10,500 --> 00:42:12,942
{\an1}JESSOPP: We had to go through
essentially frame by frame here

806
00:42:12,966 --> 00:42:15,942
{\an1}to see this, but you can quite
clearly see two whales,

807
00:42:15,966 --> 00:42:17,209
at least whale blows,

808
00:42:17,233 --> 00:42:19,176
{\an1}and we see that the gannet
is immediately

809
00:42:19,200 --> 00:42:21,076
{\an1}turning towards those.

810
00:42:21,100 --> 00:42:25,009
And easily within 15
to 16 seconds, that gannet

811
00:42:25,033 --> 00:42:28,542
{\an1}is now diving right where those
whales were at the surface,

812
00:42:28,566 --> 00:42:30,509
so it's indicating
that those gannets are perhaps

813
00:42:30,533 --> 00:42:34,876
{\an1}using the whales themselves
there as a visual cue to say,

814
00:42:34,900 --> 00:42:36,676
"This is where
other predators are.

815
00:42:36,700 --> 00:42:38,976
{\an1}Therefore this is probably
where there's food."

816
00:42:39,000 --> 00:42:42,076
Fantastic to see
these odd bits of behavior

817
00:42:42,100 --> 00:42:44,000
that we would have
ordinarily missed.

818
00:42:46,700 --> 00:42:49,676
{\an1}BUCHANAN: The footage shows that
gannets are using other species

819
00:42:49,700 --> 00:42:52,376
to effectively find
small patches of food

820
00:42:52,400 --> 00:42:54,942
{\an1}in a large, open habitat.

821
00:42:54,966 --> 00:42:58,676
{\an1}And this has big implications
for how we conserve them.

822
00:42:58,700 --> 00:43:00,842
JESSOPP:
If we want to preserve gannets,

823
00:43:00,866 --> 00:43:03,476
{\an1}we need to preserve the visual
cues that they're using,

824
00:43:03,500 --> 00:43:05,576
{\an1}which means protecting
our dolphin populations.

825
00:43:05,600 --> 00:43:08,042
It means protecting
our whale populations.

826
00:43:08,066 --> 00:43:10,009
{\an1}All of these populations
are interconnected,

827
00:43:10,033 --> 00:43:11,909
so we need to take
an ecosystems approach

828
00:43:11,933 --> 00:43:15,276
{\an1}to our conservation objectives.

829
00:43:15,300 --> 00:43:18,776
{\an1}BUCHANAN: In general, seabird
populations are declining,

830
00:43:18,800 --> 00:43:21,542
{\an1}partly because of a drop
in fish stocks,

831
00:43:21,566 --> 00:43:23,976
but gannets
don't seem to be affected,

832
00:43:24,000 --> 00:43:26,809
{\an1}and the footage shows why.

833
00:43:26,833 --> 00:43:28,842
{\an1}JESSOPP: So there's this
wonderful sequence

834
00:43:28,866 --> 00:43:31,509
{\an1}where we can see, just out on
the horizon, a fishing vessel,

835
00:43:31,533 --> 00:43:34,476
{\an1}and the gannet pretty much
instantly starts to orient

836
00:43:34,500 --> 00:43:36,576
{\an1}towards and fly towards
that fishing vessel.

837
00:43:36,600 --> 00:43:38,809
{\an1}There must be at least
100 other gannets

838
00:43:38,833 --> 00:43:40,076
{\an1}around the fishing vessel here,

839
00:43:40,100 --> 00:43:42,076
which might indicate
that gannets

840
00:43:42,100 --> 00:43:44,642
{\an1}have learned to use fishing
vessels as a foraging cue

841
00:43:44,666 --> 00:43:48,509
{\an1}or as a cue that there is food
to be had here.

842
00:43:48,533 --> 00:43:51,542
{\an1}BUCHANAN: Importantly, there are
very few other seabird species

843
00:43:51,566 --> 00:43:54,409
{\an1}capitalizing on this free meal.

844
00:43:54,433 --> 00:43:56,342
{\an1}JESSOPP: It's almost exclusively
gannets around here,

845
00:43:56,366 --> 00:43:57,742
and they're quite
an aggressive species,

846
00:43:57,766 --> 00:43:59,809
{\an1}so they're managing to
successfully outcompete

847
00:43:59,833 --> 00:44:03,509
other sea birds
for that fisheries resource.

848
00:44:03,533 --> 00:44:06,309
{\an1}BUCHANAN: By exploiting fishing
vessels, they get access

849
00:44:06,333 --> 00:44:10,700
{\an1}to a steady supply of food even
when their prey is in decline.

850
00:44:13,033 --> 00:44:16,609
The onboard cameras
have been a success.

851
00:44:16,633 --> 00:44:19,509
{\an1}They've shown us how these birds
use other animals

852
00:44:19,533 --> 00:44:23,166
and even fishermen
to find their next meal.

853
00:44:27,066 --> 00:44:31,142
The oceans support
some truly gigantic animals.

854
00:44:31,166 --> 00:44:34,342
{\an1}And the next mission is
on the coast of California

855
00:44:34,366 --> 00:44:36,742
{\an1}in Año Nuevo State Park,

856
00:44:36,766 --> 00:44:39,533
{\an1}where giants come ashore
to breed.

857
00:44:41,833 --> 00:44:45,476
These are northern
elephant seals.

858
00:44:45,500 --> 00:44:49,142
The bulls can reach 13 feet long

859
00:44:49,166 --> 00:44:51,109
{\an1}and weigh over 2 1/2 tons.

860
00:44:51,133 --> 00:44:54,066
They battle to become
beach master.

861
00:44:58,500 --> 00:45:00,809
{\an1}Despite their blubbery
appearance,

862
00:45:00,833 --> 00:45:04,576
these animals
are extreme athletes.

863
00:45:04,600 --> 00:45:11,209
{\an1}They swim 5,500 miles a year and
can dive 1 mile deep,

864
00:45:11,233 --> 00:45:14,076
drop their heart rate
to just three beats per minute,

865
00:45:14,100 --> 00:45:16,833
{\an1}and can hold their breath
for two hours.

866
00:45:21,733 --> 00:45:25,942
{\an1}Every winter, this area
becomes a huge crèche,

867
00:45:25,966 --> 00:45:28,309
{\an1}filled with over 2,000 females,

868
00:45:28,333 --> 00:45:31,809
each giving birth
to a single, precious pup.

869
00:45:31,833 --> 00:45:33,709
[ Screeching ]

870
00:45:33,733 --> 00:45:38,009
{\an1}But after just four weeks,
the mums head out to sea

871
00:45:38,033 --> 00:45:40,666
and abandon their young forever.

872
00:45:43,500 --> 00:45:47,109
{\an1}Scientists Roxanne Beltran
and Patrick Robinson

873
00:45:47,133 --> 00:45:49,842
know a huge amount
about the lives of the adults,

874
00:45:49,866 --> 00:45:53,009
{\an1}but very little is understood
about the pups

875
00:45:53,033 --> 00:45:55,709
and they want to find out more.

876
00:45:55,733 --> 00:45:57,042
BELTRAN:
The moms actually leave

877
00:45:57,066 --> 00:45:59,842
{\an8}before the pups
ever go into the water,

878
00:45:59,866 --> 00:46:01,242
{\an8}so these juveniles,

879
00:46:01,266 --> 00:46:03,076
{\an8}when they become
independent from their moms,

880
00:46:03,100 --> 00:46:06,676
{\an7}are trying to figure out
how to be seals.

881
00:46:06,700 --> 00:46:08,509
{\an1}BUCHANAN: They live off
their fat reserves

882
00:46:08,533 --> 00:46:10,542
{\an1}from their mother's milk
for the next two months

883
00:46:10,566 --> 00:46:13,566
{\an1}before they head out to sea
and fend for themselves.

884
00:46:15,300 --> 00:46:18,276
{\an1}During this time, they train
for adult life,

885
00:46:18,300 --> 00:46:20,242
much of which is done
underwater,

886
00:46:20,266 --> 00:46:24,109
{\an1}where they can swim faster
and further than we can,

887
00:46:24,133 --> 00:46:26,242
{\an1}making it hard to study them.

888
00:46:26,266 --> 00:46:27,642
BELTRAN:
When they're in the water,

889
00:46:27,666 --> 00:46:29,142
{\an1}as soon as they dip below
the surface,

890
00:46:29,166 --> 00:46:30,742
we can't actually see
what they're doing.

891
00:46:30,766 --> 00:46:32,976
{\an1}And so there's been this
huge gap in our knowledge

892
00:46:33,000 --> 00:46:36,142
{\an1}of what these seals are actually
doing in the two months

893
00:46:36,166 --> 00:46:39,842
before they leave
for that trip to sea.

894
00:46:39,866 --> 00:46:42,276
{\an1}BUCHANAN: With any luck,
the onboard cameras will show

895
00:46:42,300 --> 00:46:43,876
{\an1}what these pups are doing

896
00:46:43,900 --> 00:46:46,266
to prepare themselves
for adult life.

897
00:46:50,066 --> 00:46:53,009
Roxanne and Patrick
find four young seals

898
00:46:53,033 --> 00:46:55,076
to carry the cameras.

899
00:46:55,100 --> 00:46:57,642
{\an1}Although the pups are only
a few weeks old,

900
00:46:57,666 --> 00:47:00,309
{\an1}they're already enormous.

901
00:47:00,333 --> 00:47:03,476
{\an1}They put on 200 pounds
in their first month,

902
00:47:03,500 --> 00:47:07,676
{\an1}fueled by milk which is 55% fat.

903
00:47:07,700 --> 00:47:10,033
{\an1}That's more than whipping cream.

904
00:47:11,600 --> 00:47:12,976
{\an1}After a few health checks,

905
00:47:13,000 --> 00:47:15,209
{\an1}the specially designed
onboard cameras

906
00:47:15,233 --> 00:47:19,242
{\an1}are attached with a temporary,
non-toxic glue.

907
00:47:19,266 --> 00:47:21,642
{\an1}BELTRAN: During the procedure,
we're monitoring everything

908
00:47:21,666 --> 00:47:23,309
from heart rate
to respiration rate.

909
00:47:23,333 --> 00:47:24,542
We're making sure
that everything

910
00:47:24,566 --> 00:47:26,842
{\an1}is going appropriately
with the seal.

911
00:47:26,866 --> 00:47:28,776
ROBINSON:
I've spent the past 15 years

912
00:47:28,800 --> 00:47:30,109
{\an1}studying the adult animals,

913
00:47:30,133 --> 00:47:33,709
{\an7}and we know so much about
what the adult females do

914
00:47:33,733 --> 00:47:35,876
{\an7}when they're out at sea
and we don't know very much

915
00:47:35,900 --> 00:47:38,476
{\an1}about what the young ones
are doing right here

916
00:47:38,500 --> 00:47:42,742
{\an1}next to the colony, so this is
an amazing opportunity for us.

917
00:47:42,766 --> 00:47:45,242
BUCHANAN: The cameras
will record for 16 hours

918
00:47:45,266 --> 00:47:47,042
{\an1}and have been designed
to withstand

919
00:47:47,066 --> 00:47:49,466
the crushing pressure
of deep water.

920
00:47:53,133 --> 00:47:56,109
{\an1}Once they've returned safely,
Roxanne and Patrick

921
00:47:56,133 --> 00:47:59,009
are able to analyze the footage.

922
00:47:59,033 --> 00:48:02,376
BELTRAN: Oh, wow.

923
00:48:02,400 --> 00:48:04,033
What is she doing?

924
00:48:06,400 --> 00:48:08,142
{\an1}ROBINSON: They're more graceful
than I thought,

925
00:48:08,166 --> 00:48:11,142
{\an1}based on how they are on land.

926
00:48:11,166 --> 00:48:12,776
BUCHANAN:
Swimming with the seals

927
00:48:12,800 --> 00:48:15,942
{\an1}gives Roxanne and Patrick
an entirely new perspective.

928
00:48:15,966 --> 00:48:18,476
{\an1}And the footage provides
a real revelation

929
00:48:18,500 --> 00:48:21,676
{\an1}about how social the pups are.

930
00:48:21,700 --> 00:48:24,276
{\an1}ROBINSON: I'm surprised by how
active and interactive they are.

931
00:48:24,300 --> 00:48:25,509
{\an1}BELTRAN: Yeah, I think

932
00:48:25,533 --> 00:48:27,709
{\an1}when adult elephant seals
go out to sea,

933
00:48:27,733 --> 00:48:29,442
{\an1}they don't interact at all,
right?

934
00:48:29,466 --> 00:48:30,842
{\an1}That's what we think at least.

935
00:48:30,866 --> 00:48:32,209
{\an1}ROBINSON: I don't think there is
any evidence for that.

936
00:48:32,233 --> 00:48:34,442
{\an1}BELTRAN: Right, they're
completely solitary at sea,

937
00:48:34,466 --> 00:48:37,576
{\an1}so the fact that these guys
are interacting in the water

938
00:48:37,600 --> 00:48:39,609
is weird.

939
00:48:39,633 --> 00:48:41,809
{\an1}I wonder if they are just
learning from each other.

940
00:48:41,833 --> 00:48:44,309
{\an1}ROBINSON: I guess because they
get no parental instruction,

941
00:48:44,333 --> 00:48:47,742
{\an1}this is helpful for them
in their development.

942
00:48:47,766 --> 00:48:49,742
{\an1}BUCHANAN: In all of the footage,

943
00:48:49,766 --> 00:48:52,442
{\an1}the pups only ever swim
in shallow water.

944
00:48:52,466 --> 00:48:54,409
{\an1}Roxanne and Patrick think
that's because

945
00:48:54,433 --> 00:48:57,542
{\an1}they're too fat to dive deep.

946
00:48:57,566 --> 00:48:59,542
{\an1}Despite being so heavy,

947
00:48:59,566 --> 00:49:03,142
all of their blubber
makes them really buoyant.

948
00:49:03,166 --> 00:49:04,209
{\an1}BELTRAN: Without doing anything,

949
00:49:04,233 --> 00:49:05,542
{\an1}she automatically floats
to the surface.

950
00:49:05,566 --> 00:49:07,309
I think that's why
she's working really hard

951
00:49:07,333 --> 00:49:10,042
{\an1}to stay down to explore
the bottom of the ocean.

952
00:49:10,066 --> 00:49:12,009
{\an1}It may be why she's interacting
with other seals.

953
00:49:12,033 --> 00:49:14,142
{\an1}I don't know if they're sort of
helping pin each other down

954
00:49:14,166 --> 00:49:15,509
{\an1}or what they are doing.

955
00:49:15,533 --> 00:49:16,876
ROBINSON:
They need the fat

956
00:49:16,900 --> 00:49:18,809
in order to survive
a long period of time

957
00:49:18,833 --> 00:49:21,176
{\an1}while they're learning
how to forage,

958
00:49:21,200 --> 00:49:22,842
but it's actually bad for them

959
00:49:22,866 --> 00:49:25,976
{\an1}because if they are too buoyant,
it's difficult to forage, so...

960
00:49:26,000 --> 00:49:27,142
{\an1}BELTRAN: It's a trade-off.

961
00:49:27,166 --> 00:49:28,709
ROBINSON:
It's a trade-off, yeah.

962
00:49:28,733 --> 00:49:31,209
BUCHANAN:
Swimming around these shallows,

963
00:49:31,233 --> 00:49:34,376
{\an1}the pups seem to investigate
anything they come across,

964
00:49:34,400 --> 00:49:36,742
even bits of rubbish.

965
00:49:36,766 --> 00:49:38,876
{\an1}ROBINSON: Is that a plastic bag?
BELTRAN: Plastic?

966
00:49:38,900 --> 00:49:40,842
BUCHANAN:
It's unlikely to mistake

967
00:49:40,866 --> 00:49:42,242
{\an1}this plastic bag for food.

968
00:49:42,266 --> 00:49:45,309
{\an1}But they have been known
to get tangled up in waste

969
00:49:45,333 --> 00:49:48,666
and this playfulness
could explain how that happens.

970
00:49:51,100 --> 00:49:54,242
{\an1}The cameras also reveal
that these mischievous pups

971
00:49:54,266 --> 00:49:56,676
{\an1}often chase the local fish.

972
00:49:56,700 --> 00:50:01,442
{\an1}They're not catching them,
but it's all good practice.

973
00:50:01,466 --> 00:50:03,842
{\an1}And it's not just the fish
they're toying with.

974
00:50:03,866 --> 00:50:08,000
{\an1}Surprisingly, they spend a lot
of time playing with seaweed.

975
00:50:09,166 --> 00:50:12,309
{\an1}BELTRAN: What is she doing?
ROBINSON: Did she grab it?

976
00:50:12,333 --> 00:50:14,442
BELTRAN: Yeah.
ROBINSON: Yeah.

977
00:50:14,466 --> 00:50:17,309
BELTRAN: She was
dragging it around.

978
00:50:17,333 --> 00:50:19,442
What?

979
00:50:19,466 --> 00:50:21,476
BUCHANAN:
Playful practice is important

980
00:50:21,500 --> 00:50:24,409
in the development
of many young animals.

981
00:50:24,433 --> 00:50:27,309
{\an1}For these seals, it may help
build those important

982
00:50:27,333 --> 00:50:30,742
diving skills
which later they'll rely on.

983
00:50:30,766 --> 00:50:36,109
{\an8}♪♪♪

984
00:50:36,133 --> 00:50:37,842
{\an1}After their in-water training,

985
00:50:37,866 --> 00:50:40,876
{\an1}it looks like they come out
for a rest on the beach,

986
00:50:40,900 --> 00:50:44,242
{\an1}but the scientists have
a very different theory.

987
00:50:44,266 --> 00:50:46,709
It's hard to see
to the untrained eye,

988
00:50:46,733 --> 00:50:49,942
{\an1}but the seals seem to be
holding their breath.

989
00:50:49,966 --> 00:50:52,309
{\an1}BELTRAN: It doesn't look like
they're doing much here,

990
00:50:52,333 --> 00:50:53,709
{\an1}but I think what they are
actually doing

991
00:50:53,733 --> 00:50:56,109
{\an1}is figuring out how to
become breathless divers

992
00:50:56,133 --> 00:50:59,176
{\an1}so that they can find food
during their first trip to sea.

993
00:50:59,200 --> 00:51:00,642
ROBINSON:
Developing their physiology.

994
00:51:00,666 --> 00:51:01,942
{\an1}BELTRAN: Yeah, exactly.

995
00:51:01,966 --> 00:51:03,776
I mean, you can see
that seal holding its breath.

996
00:51:03,800 --> 00:51:05,576
{\an1}And it will probably hold
its breath for a long time.

997
00:51:05,600 --> 00:51:07,342
I wonder if just like
we would train

998
00:51:07,366 --> 00:51:08,909
for a marathon
by doing little runs,

999
00:51:08,933 --> 00:51:11,209
{\an1}they're doing little breath
holds to basically figure out

1000
00:51:11,233 --> 00:51:15,242
how they can get down
to food on breath hold.

1001
00:51:15,266 --> 00:51:18,942
{\an1}BUCHANAN: This seal holds its
breath for almost 12 minutes.

1002
00:51:18,966 --> 00:51:21,376
{\an1}So it's got some practice to do

1003
00:51:21,400 --> 00:51:25,709
{\an1}before it can manage two hours
like the adults.

1004
00:51:25,733 --> 00:51:28,476
{\an1}By filming themselves,
these pups have shown us

1005
00:51:28,500 --> 00:51:32,276
how they prepare
for life at sea.

1006
00:51:32,300 --> 00:51:34,409
{\an1}After being left alone
without a mother,

1007
00:51:34,433 --> 00:51:36,976
{\an1}they seem to train together.

1008
00:51:37,000 --> 00:51:39,709
Trying to hunt,
exploring their environment,

1009
00:51:39,733 --> 00:51:42,742
and practicing
to hold their breath...

1010
00:51:42,766 --> 00:51:47,009
{\an1}key skills that will make them
elite ocean divers.

1011
00:51:47,033 --> 00:51:50,266
{\an8}♪♪♪

1012
00:51:51,466 --> 00:51:53,109
{\an1}BUCHANAN: Next time...

1013
00:51:53,133 --> 00:51:54,909
we travel Down Under
to solve the mysteries

1014
00:51:54,933 --> 00:51:58,609
of some iconic
Australian animals.

1015
00:51:58,633 --> 00:52:01,876
{\an1}We discover the surprising
nightlife of koalas...

1016
00:52:01,900 --> 00:52:04,509
{\an1}WOMAN: Oh, wow, look at that.

1017
00:52:04,533 --> 00:52:06,209
BUCHANAN:
reveal how kangaroos

1018
00:52:06,233 --> 00:52:07,776
{\an1}are affected by urbanization.

1019
00:52:07,800 --> 00:52:09,576
WOMAN #2:
We have got to make a decision,

1020
00:52:09,600 --> 00:52:12,309
do we want to live
alongside kangaroos?

1021
00:52:12,333 --> 00:52:16,109
{\an1}BUCHANAN: And we create our most
advanced camera yet

1022
00:52:16,133 --> 00:52:19,142
{\an1}to find out what's drawing
thousands of flying foxes

1023
00:52:19,166 --> 00:52:21,342
{\an1}to a new life in the city.

1024
00:52:21,366 --> 00:52:23,666
MAN #3: [ Chuckles ]
He's going over the road.

1025
00:52:27,000 --> 00:52:29,542
{\an1}<i>The "Animals with Cameras"
adventure</i>

1026
00:52:29,566 --> 00:52:31,209
{\an1}<i>continues in Australia.</i>

1027
00:52:31,233 --> 00:52:34,276
{\an1}<i>where some of the country's
most iconic creatures</i>

1028
00:52:34,300 --> 00:52:35,676
<i>take over filming.</i>

1029
00:52:35,700 --> 00:52:39,242
{\an1}MAN #4: Now the big test will
be... what shots do we get?

1030
00:52:39,266 --> 00:52:41,876
{\an1}<i>The footage could hold
vital information</i>

1031
00:52:41,900 --> 00:52:44,942
{\an1}<i>for scientists trying
to safeguard these animals.</i>

1032
00:52:44,966 --> 00:52:46,776
WOMAN #2:
By getting video footage,

1033
00:52:46,800 --> 00:52:49,409
{\an1}we might be able to unravel
this mystery and figure out

1034
00:52:49,433 --> 00:52:50,433
what they're doing.

1035
00:52:55,766 --> 00:53:03,766
{\an8}♪ ♪

1036
00:53:04,966 --> 00:53:12,966
{\an8}♪♪♪

1037
00:53:28,166 --> 00:53:29,876
{\an1}<i>To learn more about what
you've seen</i>

1038
00:53:29,900 --> 00:53:31,609
{\an1}<i>on this Nature program,</i>

1039
00:53:31,633 --> 00:53:33,800
<i>visit pbs.org.</i>