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♪♪

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-They're the ultimate predators.

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♪♪

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The sharpest eyes of any hunter.

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[ Bird screeches ]

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Ears that can hear a heartbeat.

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♪♪

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Noses that work a mile away.

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♪♪

10
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[ Screeching ]

11
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Wherever there's prey...

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there's a raptor to hunt it.

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[ Hissing ]

14
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But they're even more special
than we realize.

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♪♪

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Intelligent castaways.

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[ Screeches ]

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Long-distance travelers.

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♪♪

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Resourceful parents.

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And determined survivors.

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♪♪

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This series reveals
what makes birds of prey

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the most successful hunters
on the planet.

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♪♪

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♪♪

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The forests of Africa...

28
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♪♪

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...are home to
an almost mythical creature.

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♪♪

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It waits in the shadows.

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♪♪

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Rarely seen.

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[ Sniffing ]

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But you know it's here.

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♪♪

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It can strike anytime...

38
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...anywhere.

39
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[ Monkey screeches ]

40
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Another monkey?

41
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The wind?

42
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Or the last sound
you'll ever hear?

43
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[ Monkey screeching ]

44
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[ Monkey screeching ]

45
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[ Screeching stops ]

46
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How must it feel
to live alongside

47
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such a supreme predator?

48
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♪♪

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African crowned eagles

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are the most powerful
of all raptors.

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♪♪

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Their ancestors hunted our own.

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♪♪

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Weighing 10 pounds...

55
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...flying on
a 6-foot wingspan...

56
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she mostly hunts
vervet monkeys...

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♪♪

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...but can take
even bigger prey.

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♪♪

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[ Buzzing ]

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♪♪

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A kill like this antelope

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can weigh almost 60 pounds --

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six times her own weight.

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[ Buzzing ]

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Her feet and talons
can crush bone...

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and fit around a man's fist.

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The only problem
with such heavy prey

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is she can't fly with it.

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[ Buzzing ]

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So she's also a master butcher.

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♪♪

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She needs to be.

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♪♪

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[ Bird calling ]

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She's a mother.

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[ Chicks chirping ]

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♪♪

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And the only way to bring food
to the nest

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is piece by piece.

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♪♪

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Catching large prey
takes such skill

83
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that this chick
will depend on its parents

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for more than a year.

85
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♪♪

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Among the longest breeding cycle
of any raptor.

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♪♪

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♪♪

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Giant eagles inspire
both fear and wonder.

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But the most prolific predators
come in tiny packages.

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♪♪

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The island of Borneo
in Southeast Asia.

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♪♪

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Where trees reach 300 feet...

95
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and the apes weigh 200 pounds...

96
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♪♪

97
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...the black-thighed falconet

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is the size of a soda can.

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♪♪

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[ Chirps ]

101
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Which has its problems.

102
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[ Bird calling ]

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♪♪

104
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He's small enough to fit
in the talons of other raptors.

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♪♪

106
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And that's not all.

107
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[ Thunder rumbling ]

108
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It rains here almost every day.

109
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So heavily, he can't fly in it.

110
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When he does
get a chance to hunt...

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♪♪

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...he needs to make it count.

113
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♪♪

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Which he does with one of the
highest hit rates of any raptor.

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♪♪

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He can hunt other birds,

117
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but after the rains,
there are insects everywhere.

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♪♪

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Once they're in his sights,
he almost never misses.

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♪♪

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Black-thighed falconets

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may be one of
the smallest raptors,

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but they pack a killer punch.

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[ Grunting ]

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Birds of prey come
in all shapes and sizes.

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♪♪

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Each finely tuned
to different targets.

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♪♪

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[ Hissing ]

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[ Screeching ]

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♪♪

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There are some 500
different species...

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♪♪

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...found in almost
every habitat.

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♪♪

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The way they look...

137
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and the way they live...

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[ Screeching ]

139
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...can be radically different.

140
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♪♪

141
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But they all share
three common traits.

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♪♪

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A hooked beak...

144
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[ Screeching ]

145
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...a taste for flesh...

146
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♪♪

147
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...and a set of
razor-sharp talons.

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♪♪

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Short talons that stab.

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♪♪

151
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Long talons that snatch.

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♪♪

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Even curved talons.

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♪♪

155
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Literally a fistful
of fishhooks.

156
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♪♪

157
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Raptors rule the skies.

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♪♪

159
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But there's another side
to their story.

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♪♪

161
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[ Bird calling ]

162
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Life at the top
is full of competition.

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Winter in Northern Finland

164
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sees temperatures
fall to 50 below.

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[ Screeching ]

166
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But for this young
golden eagle...

167
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[ Screeching ]

168
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...cold is the least
of her worries.

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♪♪

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She's surrounded by rivals.

171
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♪♪

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[ Screeching ]

173
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♪♪

174
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A meal as big as a fox
is worth fighting for.

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♪♪

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Now she's wounded,

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and it's about to get
a whole lot worse.

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♪♪

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More eagles are arriving
from every direction.

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[ Screeching ]

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00:14:05,433 --> 00:14:31,733
♪♪

182
00:14:31,733 --> 00:14:35,666
The youngster can only watch...

183
00:14:35,666 --> 00:14:38,833
as a huge adult takes control.

184
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♪♪

185
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Her only hope is joining
the magpies for the scraps.

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[ Screeching ]

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♪♪

188
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But even those
make the difference

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between life and death.

190
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♪♪

191
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She puts up her best defense.

192
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♪♪

193
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It's just not enough.

194
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♪♪

195
00:15:26,600 --> 00:15:29,500
[ Screeching ]

196
00:15:29,500 --> 00:15:32,000
If she's going to
pull through...

197
00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:34,733
she'll need to find food
elsewhere.

198
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Intense competition means

199
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fewer than half of young eagles

200
00:15:44,366 --> 00:15:46,566
survive their early years.

201
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And other raptors
aren't the only threat.

202
00:15:57,566 --> 00:16:03,466
♪♪

203
00:16:03,466 --> 00:16:06,100
Spring brings warmer weather

204
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and a chance to raise young.

205
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♪♪

206
00:16:13,666 --> 00:16:17,266
But besting in the Badlands
of South Dakota

207
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is as tough as it gets.

208
00:16:19,500 --> 00:16:21,500
♪♪

209
00:16:21,500 --> 00:16:24,766
[ Chirping ]

210
00:16:24,766 --> 00:16:28,600
There are no trees
to shade the nest

211
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or keep it safe
from hungry predators.

212
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[ Howling ]

213
00:16:33,766 --> 00:16:37,066
♪♪

214
00:16:37,066 --> 00:16:40,566
So burrowing owls
head below ground.

215
00:16:40,566 --> 00:16:43,466
♪♪

216
00:16:43,466 --> 00:16:44,933
[ Screeching ]

217
00:16:44,933 --> 00:16:49,333
♪♪

218
00:16:49,333 --> 00:16:51,966
With prairie dogs to help,

219
00:16:51,966 --> 00:16:54,766
why dig when you can steal
a burrow?

220
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[ Screeching ]

221
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[ Prairie dog squeals ]

222
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♪♪

223
00:17:02,766 --> 00:17:04,600
This will do nicely.

224
00:17:06,266 --> 00:17:09,000
But where do you find food
out here?

225
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:10,466
[ Thumping ]

226
00:17:10,466 --> 00:17:12,666
♪♪

227
00:17:12,666 --> 00:17:15,266
[ Snorting ]

228
00:17:15,266 --> 00:17:18,966
That's where bison and coyotes
come in handy.

229
00:17:18,966 --> 00:17:23,766
♪♪

230
00:17:23,766 --> 00:17:26,533
More specifically, their dung...

231
00:17:26,533 --> 00:17:29,466
♪♪

232
00:17:29,466 --> 00:17:32,166
...which he takes
back to the nest...

233
00:17:32,166 --> 00:17:39,633
♪♪

234
00:17:39,633 --> 00:17:41,800
...where it attracts insects.

235
00:17:41,800 --> 00:17:45,800
♪♪

236
00:17:45,800 --> 00:17:49,233
A reliable food supply
in the warmer months.

237
00:17:49,233 --> 00:17:57,166
♪♪

238
00:17:57,166 --> 00:17:59,366
So far, so good.

239
00:17:59,366 --> 00:18:01,200
[ Screeching ]

240
00:18:03,300 --> 00:18:06,000
And all his efforts
have won him a mate.

241
00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:17,833
♪♪

242
00:18:17,833 --> 00:18:20,700
To give their chicks
the best start,

243
00:18:20,700 --> 00:18:22,866
they try to time their breeding

244
00:18:22,866 --> 00:18:26,266
to the highest numbers
of insects and rodents.

245
00:18:26,266 --> 00:18:27,733
[ Screeching ]

246
00:18:31,466 --> 00:18:33,600
Out here in the Badlands,

247
00:18:33,600 --> 00:18:35,000
all that

248
00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:37,200
follows the late spring rains.

249
00:18:37,200 --> 00:18:39,966
[ Thunder rumbling ]

250
00:18:39,966 --> 00:18:42,700
[ Thunder crashing ]

251
00:18:46,933 --> 00:18:49,900
The prairie soon fills
with new life.

252
00:18:49,900 --> 00:18:51,366
[ Squeaking ]

253
00:18:51,366 --> 00:18:53,700
♪♪

254
00:18:53,700 --> 00:18:55,500
[ Grunting ]

255
00:18:55,500 --> 00:18:58,133
♪♪

256
00:18:58,133 --> 00:19:01,166
Among the arrivals...

257
00:19:01,166 --> 00:19:03,400
seven burrowing owlets.

258
00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:10,266
♪♪

259
00:19:10,266 --> 00:19:13,333
His dung trick is working well.

260
00:19:13,333 --> 00:19:19,466
♪♪

261
00:19:19,466 --> 00:19:21,700
[ Screeching ]

262
00:19:24,500 --> 00:19:27,033
But finding enough food
is one thing.

263
00:19:29,433 --> 00:19:32,800
Avoiding other predators
is a bigger problem.

264
00:19:32,800 --> 00:19:36,866
♪♪

265
00:19:36,866 --> 00:19:38,433
[ Screeching ]

266
00:19:41,300 --> 00:19:43,500
Mom raises the alarm...

267
00:19:43,500 --> 00:19:45,133
[ Screeching ]

268
00:19:45,133 --> 00:19:47,733
...sending the owlets
back below ground.

269
00:19:47,733 --> 00:19:51,400
♪♪

270
00:19:51,400 --> 00:19:54,000
[ Screeching ]

271
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:58,066
If it sniffs them out,
the badger will eat them all.

272
00:19:58,066 --> 00:20:02,133
♪♪

273
00:20:02,133 --> 00:20:04,266
[ Sniffing ]

274
00:20:07,433 --> 00:20:08,633
[ Screeching ]

275
00:20:08,633 --> 00:20:10,800
There's nothing they can do.

276
00:20:10,800 --> 00:20:12,333
[ Screeching ]

277
00:20:14,466 --> 00:20:18,000
But the badger
walks right on by.

278
00:20:22,700 --> 00:20:25,900
[ Squeaking ]

279
00:20:25,900 --> 00:20:29,466
Could it be that all the dung
keeps them safe

280
00:20:29,466 --> 00:20:31,500
by masking their own scent?

281
00:20:34,933 --> 00:20:37,866
[ Squeaking ]

282
00:20:37,866 --> 00:20:41,000
Or is this why they nest
amongst prairie dogs,

283
00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:42,966
staying safe in numbers?

284
00:20:44,300 --> 00:20:45,700
[ Squeaking stops ]

285
00:20:52,133 --> 00:20:55,200
Raising chicks
somewhere this dangerous,

286
00:20:55,200 --> 00:20:58,233
it pays to have a few tricks
up your sleeve.

287
00:21:01,133 --> 00:21:04,733
♪♪

288
00:21:04,733 --> 00:21:06,366
[ Honking ]

289
00:21:08,566 --> 00:21:13,066
Nesting season pushes
all raptors to the limit.

290
00:21:13,066 --> 00:21:16,433
♪♪

291
00:21:16,433 --> 00:21:20,366
[ Chirping ]

292
00:21:20,366 --> 00:21:22,200
Extreme heat...

293
00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:28,266
♪♪

294
00:21:28,266 --> 00:21:31,766
...and heavy rain
can kill vulnerable chicks.

295
00:21:31,766 --> 00:21:38,700
♪♪

296
00:21:38,700 --> 00:21:40,600
[ Chirping ]

297
00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:44,166
But all hunters rely on
finding enough prey...

298
00:21:47,466 --> 00:21:50,000
...which makes timing
everything.

299
00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:54,566
♪♪

300
00:21:54,566 --> 00:21:56,766
Too little food,

301
00:21:56,766 --> 00:21:59,333
and some siblings
will turn on each other.

302
00:21:59,333 --> 00:22:06,066
♪♪

303
00:22:06,066 --> 00:22:10,166
The most dominant chick
is often the only survivor.

304
00:22:10,166 --> 00:22:13,833
♪♪

305
00:22:13,833 --> 00:22:15,966
[ Screeching ]

306
00:22:15,966 --> 00:22:18,433
So in times of plenty,

307
00:22:18,433 --> 00:22:20,966
they raise as many as they can.

308
00:22:20,966 --> 00:22:22,833
♪♪

309
00:22:22,833 --> 00:22:24,100
[ Screeching ]

310
00:22:28,366 --> 00:22:31,133
Parents work around the clock

311
00:22:31,133 --> 00:22:35,166
to deliver each chick
as many as five meals a day.

312
00:22:44,966 --> 00:22:47,500
♪♪

313
00:22:47,500 --> 00:22:49,566
But as summer ends...

314
00:22:52,900 --> 00:22:56,433
...young birds now face
their greatest challenge.

315
00:23:00,566 --> 00:23:01,833
[ Screeching ]

316
00:23:04,900 --> 00:23:07,333
Winter is coming.

317
00:23:10,833 --> 00:23:15,266
If this young sparrowhawk
hopes to survive...

318
00:23:15,266 --> 00:23:18,566
♪♪

319
00:23:18,566 --> 00:23:22,266
...she'll need to catch
up to five small birds a day.

320
00:23:22,266 --> 00:23:25,900
♪♪

321
00:23:25,900 --> 00:23:29,566
This clearing in Norway
will be her training ground.

322
00:23:29,566 --> 00:23:32,133
♪♪

323
00:23:32,133 --> 00:23:33,666
[ Screeching ]

324
00:23:33,666 --> 00:23:35,400
[ Chirping ]

325
00:23:35,400 --> 00:23:40,666
♪♪

326
00:23:40,666 --> 00:23:45,766
The key is waiting for
your target to turn its back.

327
00:23:45,766 --> 00:23:50,500
♪♪

328
00:23:50,500 --> 00:23:51,866
Now.

329
00:23:51,866 --> 00:23:55,666
♪♪

330
00:23:55,666 --> 00:23:57,300
[ Screeching ]

331
00:23:57,300 --> 00:24:03,700
♪♪

332
00:24:09,266 --> 00:24:10,933
Perhaps another try.

333
00:24:10,933 --> 00:24:14,700
♪♪

334
00:24:14,700 --> 00:24:17,933
After all,
she's here to learn.

335
00:24:17,933 --> 00:24:21,166
♪♪

336
00:24:21,166 --> 00:24:23,833
Spooking jays may look fun,

337
00:24:23,833 --> 00:24:26,200
but this is serious business.

338
00:24:26,200 --> 00:24:28,133
[ Screeching ]

339
00:24:28,133 --> 00:24:37,866
♪♪

340
00:24:37,866 --> 00:24:41,300
Catching other birds
is as hard as it gets.

341
00:24:41,300 --> 00:24:46,933
♪♪

342
00:24:46,933 --> 00:24:49,666
Especially when no one
wants you around.

343
00:24:49,666 --> 00:24:57,533
♪♪

344
00:24:57,533 --> 00:24:59,200
Before winter,

345
00:24:59,200 --> 00:25:03,233
they need to master timing...

346
00:25:03,233 --> 00:25:06,333
anticipation...

347
00:25:06,333 --> 00:25:08,400
and aerial agility.

348
00:25:08,400 --> 00:25:09,833
[ Screeching ]

349
00:25:09,833 --> 00:25:17,633
♪♪

350
00:25:17,633 --> 00:25:20,266
Perfecting moves
like the ambush.

351
00:25:20,266 --> 00:25:28,200
♪♪

352
00:25:28,200 --> 00:25:30,433
And, failing that,

353
00:25:30,433 --> 00:25:32,400
the all-out pursuit...

354
00:25:32,400 --> 00:25:41,366
♪♪

355
00:25:41,366 --> 00:25:46,633
...which she'll soon learn
only works in short bursts.

356
00:25:46,633 --> 00:25:54,266
♪♪

357
00:25:54,266 --> 00:25:57,733
Even adults only catch
one in every ten.

358
00:25:58,833 --> 00:26:00,366
[ Screeches ]

359
00:26:05,500 --> 00:26:08,033
But with winter on its way,

360
00:26:08,033 --> 00:26:10,166
there is another option.

361
00:26:14,266 --> 00:26:16,333
To move on.

362
00:26:22,900 --> 00:26:24,800
An Amur falcon.

363
00:26:26,900 --> 00:26:31,300
In the remote valleys of
Nagaland, Northeast India.

364
00:26:31,300 --> 00:26:33,566
[ Screeching ]

365
00:26:33,566 --> 00:26:37,800
♪♪

366
00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:39,566
She's not alone.

367
00:26:39,566 --> 00:26:41,233
[ Screeching ]

368
00:26:41,233 --> 00:26:56,300
♪♪

369
00:26:56,300 --> 00:26:57,766
Escaping the harsh winter

370
00:26:57,766 --> 00:26:59,866
of their Siberian
breeding grounds

371
00:26:59,866 --> 00:27:03,100
2,000 miles away,

372
00:27:03,100 --> 00:27:07,266
most of the population
descends on these valleys.

373
00:27:07,266 --> 00:27:13,400
♪♪

374
00:27:13,400 --> 00:27:17,233
There are still some paradises
left on Earth.

375
00:27:17,233 --> 00:27:28,066
♪♪

376
00:27:28,066 --> 00:27:31,833
[ Screeching ]

377
00:27:31,833 --> 00:27:34,566
Hundreds of thousands
of falcons...

378
00:27:34,566 --> 00:27:39,133
♪♪

379
00:27:39,133 --> 00:27:42,533
...looking to touch down
after a long journey.

380
00:27:42,533 --> 00:27:51,400
♪♪

381
00:27:51,400 --> 00:27:53,666
They time their arrival

382
00:27:53,666 --> 00:27:57,466
to a seasonal bounty
of winged termites.

383
00:27:57,466 --> 00:28:06,833
♪♪

384
00:28:06,833 --> 00:28:08,900
There's no time to rest.

385
00:28:08,900 --> 00:28:15,066
♪♪

386
00:28:15,066 --> 00:28:17,533
[ Screeching ]

387
00:28:17,533 --> 00:28:20,766
The feast lasts for two weeks.

388
00:28:20,766 --> 00:28:26,566
♪♪

389
00:28:26,566 --> 00:28:28,700
In that time, the falcons

390
00:28:28,700 --> 00:28:31,233
need to almost
double their weight.

391
00:28:31,233 --> 00:28:39,600
♪♪

392
00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:40,933
Fail to do that...

393
00:28:40,933 --> 00:28:45,200
♪♪

394
00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:47,933
...and they may not survive
the journey ahead.

395
00:28:47,933 --> 00:28:53,100
♪♪

396
00:28:53,100 --> 00:28:56,900
Their time in Nagaland
is only a pit stop.

397
00:28:56,900 --> 00:29:04,500
♪♪

398
00:29:04,500 --> 00:29:08,200
They're on their way
to Southern Africa.

399
00:29:08,200 --> 00:29:11,633
From here,
some will fly day and night

400
00:29:11,633 --> 00:29:13,633
for almost a week

401
00:29:13,633 --> 00:29:15,333
before touching down again.

402
00:29:15,333 --> 00:29:22,333
♪♪

403
00:29:22,333 --> 00:29:26,533
Their annual migration
covers 14 countries...

404
00:29:26,533 --> 00:29:31,400
♪♪

405
00:29:31,400 --> 00:29:32,833
...two continents...

406
00:29:32,833 --> 00:29:35,200
♪♪

407
00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:36,800
...and an entire ocean.

408
00:29:43,800 --> 00:29:48,833
Amur falcons can travel
some 20,000 miles each year.

409
00:29:58,333 --> 00:30:01,500
But this spectacle
was almost lost.

410
00:30:06,600 --> 00:30:10,066
Unaware of their impact,
local hunters caught

411
00:30:10,066 --> 00:30:13,633
as much as 10% of the population
each year.

412
00:30:20,966 --> 00:30:25,133
But an extraordinary
awareness campaign

413
00:30:25,133 --> 00:30:27,933
and a ban on hunting

414
00:30:27,933 --> 00:30:31,000
has seen Amur falcons
bounce back.

415
00:30:31,000 --> 00:30:38,000
♪♪

416
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:42,700
So much so, they're now
filling up new valleys.

417
00:30:42,700 --> 00:30:49,800
♪♪

418
00:30:49,800 --> 00:30:51,033
[ Screeching ]

419
00:30:51,033 --> 00:30:53,366
♪♪

420
00:30:53,366 --> 00:30:56,300
This reed bed is a new roost.

421
00:30:56,300 --> 00:31:04,533
♪♪

422
00:31:04,533 --> 00:31:06,300
Intense competition...

423
00:31:08,366 --> 00:31:10,066
...raising young...

424
00:31:11,700 --> 00:31:15,333
...and surviving
seasonal extremes,

425
00:31:15,333 --> 00:31:18,100
raptors rise to any challenge.

426
00:31:18,100 --> 00:31:28,666
♪♪

427
00:31:33,033 --> 00:31:35,466
And behind their success

428
00:31:35,466 --> 00:31:39,266
lie powers
beyond our wildest dreams.

429
00:31:39,266 --> 00:31:41,100
[ Birds calling ]

430
00:31:48,766 --> 00:31:54,366
Thick cover and few flight lines

431
00:31:54,366 --> 00:31:56,000
make hunting in the woods

432
00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:58,200
seem almost impossible...

433
00:31:58,200 --> 00:31:59,866
[ Screeching ]

434
00:31:59,866 --> 00:32:08,466
♪♪

435
00:32:08,466 --> 00:32:10,633
For all but the goshawk.

436
00:32:10,633 --> 00:32:14,533
♪♪

437
00:32:14,533 --> 00:32:16,333
[ Screeching ]

438
00:32:16,333 --> 00:32:20,133
Flying over 30 miles an hour...

439
00:32:20,133 --> 00:32:22,266
she rules the woods...

440
00:32:22,266 --> 00:32:30,833
♪♪

441
00:32:30,833 --> 00:32:33,433
...contorting to tiny gaps...

442
00:32:33,433 --> 00:32:43,066
♪♪

443
00:32:43,066 --> 00:32:45,133
...and pulling turns
tight enough

444
00:32:45,133 --> 00:32:47,966
to give a fighter pilot
motion sickness.

445
00:32:47,966 --> 00:32:52,733
♪♪

446
00:32:52,733 --> 00:32:54,133
[ Screeching ]

447
00:32:54,133 --> 00:33:01,233
♪♪

448
00:33:01,233 --> 00:33:04,366
She's also a master
of anticipation...

449
00:33:11,666 --> 00:33:14,566
...reading her target's
movement...

450
00:33:14,566 --> 00:33:19,033
♪♪

451
00:33:19,033 --> 00:33:20,900
...and planning her attack.

452
00:33:20,900 --> 00:33:35,133
♪♪

453
00:33:38,633 --> 00:33:40,566
It's as if she already knew

454
00:33:40,566 --> 00:33:42,766
where she'd strike

455
00:33:42,766 --> 00:33:44,866
the moment she took off.

456
00:33:55,466 --> 00:33:59,533
Unrivalled agility sees
her dominate the tangled woods.

457
00:33:59,533 --> 00:34:04,333
♪♪

458
00:34:04,333 --> 00:34:07,900
But change the setting,
and you change the game.

459
00:34:07,900 --> 00:34:18,266
♪♪

460
00:34:18,266 --> 00:34:20,566
The open terrain
of the high Arctic...

461
00:34:20,566 --> 00:34:22,200
[ Screeching ]

462
00:34:22,200 --> 00:34:25,000
...tests speed and endurance.

463
00:34:25,000 --> 00:34:34,133
♪♪

464
00:34:34,133 --> 00:34:37,900
Gyrfalcons are the fastest
raptor in level flight.

465
00:34:37,900 --> 00:34:43,733
♪♪

466
00:34:43,733 --> 00:34:46,633
Hitting almost 70 miles an hour.

467
00:34:46,633 --> 00:34:50,433
♪♪

468
00:34:50,433 --> 00:34:52,266
Huge flight muscles.

469
00:34:52,266 --> 00:34:54,600
♪♪

470
00:34:54,600 --> 00:34:56,633
Long, stiff feathers.

471
00:34:56,633 --> 00:34:59,600
♪♪

472
00:34:59,600 --> 00:35:02,500
She can keep this up for miles.

473
00:35:02,500 --> 00:35:07,700
♪♪

474
00:35:11,566 --> 00:35:14,233
There's a raptor
for just about everything.

475
00:35:16,400 --> 00:35:19,500
Even for prey you can't see.

476
00:35:19,500 --> 00:35:21,233
[ Bird calling ]

477
00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:28,900
The boreal forest
of the far north...

478
00:35:31,866 --> 00:35:35,533
...where snow covers the ground
for most of the year.

479
00:35:38,100 --> 00:35:40,066
Few can survive here.

480
00:35:44,533 --> 00:35:48,500
But one raptor rules
this silent wilderness.

481
00:35:50,400 --> 00:35:52,333
The great gray owl.

482
00:36:00,466 --> 00:36:02,433
She's rarely seen.

483
00:36:02,433 --> 00:36:19,933
♪♪

484
00:36:19,933 --> 00:36:24,166
She wanders endlessly
in search of prey.

485
00:36:24,166 --> 00:36:32,833
♪♪

486
00:36:32,833 --> 00:36:34,666
[ Screeching ]

487
00:36:34,666 --> 00:36:36,533
♪♪

488
00:36:36,533 --> 00:36:39,500
It's here...

489
00:36:39,500 --> 00:36:42,133
somewhere in this white,
blank world.

490
00:36:42,133 --> 00:36:45,433
♪♪

491
00:36:45,433 --> 00:36:47,200
But how does she find it?

492
00:36:47,200 --> 00:36:54,833
♪♪

493
00:36:54,833 --> 00:36:58,866
The secret is in
her enormous facial disc.

494
00:36:58,866 --> 00:37:02,733
♪♪

495
00:37:02,733 --> 00:37:05,233
The largest of any owl.

496
00:37:06,833 --> 00:37:09,900
It channels sounds
like a radar dish.

497
00:37:09,900 --> 00:37:13,300
♪♪

498
00:37:13,300 --> 00:37:15,833
With one ear higher
than the other...

499
00:37:15,833 --> 00:37:17,466
[ Bird screeching ]

500
00:37:17,466 --> 00:37:20,366
...she can pinpoint noise,

501
00:37:20,366 --> 00:37:22,666
not just left to right...

502
00:37:22,666 --> 00:37:25,166
but also up and down.

503
00:37:25,166 --> 00:37:37,766
♪♪

504
00:37:37,766 --> 00:37:39,400
-[ Thud ]
-[ Squeaking ]

505
00:37:43,666 --> 00:37:46,966
A vole.

506
00:37:46,966 --> 00:37:49,100
It's thought
she can hear its heartbeat

507
00:37:49,100 --> 00:37:50,966
beneath a foot of snow.

508
00:37:50,966 --> 00:37:59,766
♪♪

509
00:37:59,766 --> 00:38:01,866
Special structures
on her feathers

510
00:38:01,866 --> 00:38:04,466
cut the air to minimize noise.

511
00:38:04,466 --> 00:38:10,666
♪♪

512
00:38:10,666 --> 00:38:13,200
Her prey can't hear her.

513
00:38:14,633 --> 00:38:18,133
And she can focus
on exactly where to strike.

514
00:38:18,133 --> 00:38:29,100
♪♪

515
00:38:29,100 --> 00:38:32,200
At least her targets
never know what's coming.

516
00:38:32,200 --> 00:38:37,366
♪♪

517
00:38:37,366 --> 00:38:42,933
Incredible hearing
helps her hunt day or night

518
00:38:42,933 --> 00:38:45,666
all through
the long winter months.

519
00:38:51,866 --> 00:38:56,100
♪♪

520
00:38:56,100 --> 00:38:59,433
Most raptors use
a different super sense.

521
00:38:59,433 --> 00:39:06,533
♪♪

522
00:39:06,533 --> 00:39:08,433
[ Screeching ]

523
00:39:08,433 --> 00:39:11,133
♪♪

524
00:39:11,133 --> 00:39:14,166
Soaring over open terrain

525
00:39:14,166 --> 00:39:18,200
across the Northern Hemisphere,

526
00:39:18,200 --> 00:39:19,833
golden eagles rely on

527
00:39:19,833 --> 00:39:22,933
the sharpest vision
of any vertebrate.

528
00:39:22,933 --> 00:39:30,000
♪♪

529
00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:33,166
With eyes the size of our own,

530
00:39:33,166 --> 00:39:38,333
but with some five times
the density of visual cells,

531
00:39:38,333 --> 00:39:41,566
we can only imagine
how she sees the world.

532
00:39:41,566 --> 00:39:49,766
♪♪

533
00:39:49,766 --> 00:39:53,866
Every detail clearer...

534
00:39:53,866 --> 00:39:55,166
sharper.

535
00:39:55,166 --> 00:40:04,100
♪♪

536
00:40:04,100 --> 00:40:08,300
It's likely she can see a rabbit
over two miles away.

537
00:40:08,300 --> 00:40:11,666
[ Screeching ]

538
00:40:11,666 --> 00:40:16,200
♪♪

539
00:40:16,200 --> 00:40:18,066
There's nowhere to hide.

540
00:40:18,066 --> 00:40:32,000
♪♪

541
00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:37,266
In full stoop, she hits
over 150 miles an hour.

542
00:40:40,166 --> 00:40:41,766
[ Grunting ]

543
00:40:48,566 --> 00:40:52,200
If the impact
doesn't finish the job,

544
00:40:52,200 --> 00:40:53,600
the mountain will.

545
00:41:02,200 --> 00:41:05,033
Eagle eyes
give her the upper hand

546
00:41:05,033 --> 00:41:07,100
in the high mountain peaks.

547
00:41:15,400 --> 00:41:18,900
But what if you can't hear
or see your prey?

548
00:41:18,900 --> 00:41:27,966
♪♪

549
00:41:27,966 --> 00:41:30,800
What if it's...already dead?

550
00:41:30,800 --> 00:41:34,233
♪♪

551
00:41:34,233 --> 00:41:36,033
There's a raptor for that, too.

552
00:41:36,033 --> 00:41:42,600
♪♪

553
00:41:42,600 --> 00:41:44,100
The turkey vulture.

554
00:41:44,100 --> 00:41:51,766
♪♪

555
00:41:51,766 --> 00:41:56,600
She can cover 200 miles a day
searching for food.

556
00:41:56,600 --> 00:42:03,600
♪♪

557
00:42:03,600 --> 00:42:06,400
And using a little-known trick
to find it.

558
00:42:06,400 --> 00:42:13,600
♪♪

559
00:42:13,600 --> 00:42:15,800
She can smell dinner...

560
00:42:15,800 --> 00:42:19,400
♪♪

561
00:42:19,400 --> 00:42:21,366
...from over a mile away.

562
00:42:21,366 --> 00:42:25,933
♪♪

563
00:42:25,933 --> 00:42:28,500
A rare talent among birds.

564
00:42:32,933 --> 00:42:36,266
One we're just beginning
to understand.

565
00:42:41,100 --> 00:42:45,400
And it takes more than her
distinctive, open nostrils.

566
00:42:50,200 --> 00:42:53,666
She has twice as many
scent-detecting cells

567
00:42:53,666 --> 00:42:55,233
than other vultures.

568
00:42:55,233 --> 00:43:00,066
♪♪

569
00:43:00,066 --> 00:43:03,900
And the part of her brain
that processes smell

570
00:43:03,900 --> 00:43:06,233
is four times bigger.

571
00:43:06,233 --> 00:43:17,300
♪♪

572
00:43:17,300 --> 00:43:22,366
So out of sight
is far from out of mind.

573
00:43:22,366 --> 00:43:39,900
♪♪

574
00:43:39,900 --> 00:43:43,866
This unique super sense
makes turkey vultures

575
00:43:43,866 --> 00:43:47,733
the most abundant and widespread
of all vultures.

576
00:43:50,866 --> 00:43:54,566
It also provides
a special service.

577
00:43:54,566 --> 00:43:55,966
Eating carcasses stops

578
00:43:55,966 --> 00:43:58,866
a build-up of pathogens
and bacteria,

579
00:43:58,866 --> 00:44:01,100
keeping ecosystems clean.

580
00:44:13,700 --> 00:44:17,366
Raptors are more important
than we realize.

581
00:44:17,366 --> 00:44:22,066
♪♪

582
00:44:22,066 --> 00:44:24,433
Most are apex predators...

583
00:44:24,433 --> 00:44:28,000
♪♪

584
00:44:28,000 --> 00:44:32,233
...fine-tuned to almost every
habitat and type of prey.

585
00:44:32,233 --> 00:44:42,733
♪♪

586
00:44:42,733 --> 00:44:45,066
It's thought that,
in a single year,

587
00:44:45,066 --> 00:44:47,133
one barn-owl family

588
00:44:47,133 --> 00:44:50,133
can catch over 7,000 rodents.

589
00:44:50,133 --> 00:44:58,866
♪♪

590
00:44:58,866 --> 00:45:03,966
Each strike helping to keep
their populations under control.

591
00:45:03,966 --> 00:45:12,500
♪♪

592
00:45:12,500 --> 00:45:14,366
We need raptors.

593
00:45:14,366 --> 00:45:22,400
♪♪

594
00:45:22,400 --> 00:45:25,033
But to better understand
and protect them...

595
00:45:25,033 --> 00:45:29,900
♪♪

596
00:45:29,900 --> 00:45:32,733
...one key question remains.

597
00:45:32,733 --> 00:45:39,833
♪♪

598
00:45:39,833 --> 00:45:43,400
What exactly counts
as a bird of prey?

599
00:45:43,400 --> 00:45:51,300
♪♪

600
00:45:51,300 --> 00:45:53,733
Only recently
have top scientists

601
00:45:53,733 --> 00:45:56,233
agreed on a single definition...

602
00:45:56,233 --> 00:46:01,366
♪♪

603
00:46:01,366 --> 00:46:04,633
...looking back into their
evolutionary history.

604
00:46:04,633 --> 00:46:11,100
♪♪

605
00:46:11,100 --> 00:46:16,433
And it turns out
they all share common ancestry,

606
00:46:16,433 --> 00:46:20,166
descending from an ancient group
of meat-eating birds.

607
00:46:20,166 --> 00:46:25,866
♪♪

608
00:46:25,866 --> 00:46:28,500
So long as you still eat
other vertebrates...

609
00:46:28,500 --> 00:46:30,833
[ Screeching ]

610
00:46:30,833 --> 00:46:33,333
...that makes you
a bird of prey.

611
00:46:45,833 --> 00:46:48,366
It's a neat definition,

612
00:46:48,366 --> 00:46:50,966
but it comes
with a surprising twist...

613
00:46:57,366 --> 00:46:59,433
[ Bird calling ]

614
00:47:04,566 --> 00:47:08,166
...welcoming a whole new member
to the flock.

615
00:47:08,166 --> 00:47:18,533
♪♪

616
00:47:18,533 --> 00:47:22,233
South America's
tropical grasslands

617
00:47:22,233 --> 00:47:25,933
were once stalked
by 10-foot-tall terror birds.

618
00:47:25,933 --> 00:47:30,133
♪♪

619
00:47:30,133 --> 00:47:33,100
Red-legged seriemas

620
00:47:33,100 --> 00:47:35,466
are their closest descendants.

621
00:47:35,466 --> 00:47:44,233
♪♪

622
00:47:44,233 --> 00:47:47,466
And the height of nesting season

623
00:47:47,466 --> 00:47:49,700
sees them at their most deadly.

624
00:47:49,700 --> 00:47:53,566
♪♪

625
00:47:53,566 --> 00:47:54,900
[ Screeches ]

626
00:47:54,900 --> 00:47:59,366
♪♪

627
00:47:59,366 --> 00:48:01,300
Or at least it should.

628
00:48:01,300 --> 00:48:07,066
♪♪

629
00:48:07,066 --> 00:48:10,166
Perhaps he should focus
on a slower target.

630
00:48:10,166 --> 00:48:11,500
[ Hissing ]

631
00:48:11,500 --> 00:48:20,766
♪♪

632
00:48:20,766 --> 00:48:22,366
[ Hissing ]

633
00:48:22,366 --> 00:48:28,166
♪♪

634
00:48:28,166 --> 00:48:33,066
One wrong move
could be his last.

635
00:48:33,066 --> 00:48:44,133
♪♪

636
00:48:44,133 --> 00:48:46,000
[ Hissing ]

637
00:48:46,000 --> 00:48:48,166
♪♪

638
00:48:48,166 --> 00:48:51,066
Spreading his wings
disorients the snake...

639
00:48:51,066 --> 00:48:53,900
♪♪

640
00:48:53,900 --> 00:48:56,266
...and helps him
jump clear of danger.

641
00:48:56,266 --> 00:48:57,666
[ Hissing ]

642
00:48:57,666 --> 00:48:59,133
[ Screeching ]

643
00:48:59,133 --> 00:49:04,966
♪♪

644
00:49:04,966 --> 00:49:06,800
He lands a first blow.

645
00:49:06,800 --> 00:49:08,333
[ Hissing ]

646
00:49:08,333 --> 00:49:11,000
♪♪

647
00:49:11,000 --> 00:49:13,700
But the snake
is fighting for its life.

648
00:49:13,700 --> 00:49:22,566
♪♪

649
00:49:22,566 --> 00:49:26,133
With chicks to raise,
this is just too risky.

650
00:49:26,133 --> 00:49:27,566
[ Hissing ]

651
00:49:32,900 --> 00:49:36,900
After all,
there are other options.

652
00:49:36,900 --> 00:49:52,066
♪♪

653
00:49:52,066 --> 00:49:54,866
It's a unique way
of neutralizing prey.

654
00:50:01,166 --> 00:50:02,933
♪♪

655
00:50:02,933 --> 00:50:05,466
Quite unlike any other raptor.

656
00:50:05,466 --> 00:50:16,133
♪♪

657
00:50:16,133 --> 00:50:20,166
But it's very effective
on dinner that bites back.

658
00:50:20,166 --> 00:50:25,566
♪♪

659
00:50:25,566 --> 00:50:29,066
They may do it differently,
but make no mistake...

660
00:50:29,066 --> 00:50:34,066
♪♪

661
00:50:34,066 --> 00:50:37,700
...seriemas are
stone-cold killers...

662
00:50:37,700 --> 00:50:45,766
♪♪

663
00:50:45,766 --> 00:50:49,766
...every bit as deadly
as any other bird of prey.

664
00:50:49,766 --> 00:50:59,533
♪♪

665
00:50:59,533 --> 00:51:01,700
[ Squawking ]

666
00:51:04,666 --> 00:51:08,000
[ Birds screeching ]

667
00:51:08,000 --> 00:51:10,633
Raptors are
the ultimate predators.

668
00:51:10,633 --> 00:51:16,633
♪♪

669
00:51:16,633 --> 00:51:18,633
Feathered top guns...

670
00:51:18,633 --> 00:51:21,033
with fists full of daggers...

671
00:51:21,033 --> 00:51:23,466
♪♪

672
00:51:23,466 --> 00:51:25,566
...and supreme senses.

673
00:51:25,566 --> 00:51:27,633
♪♪

674
00:51:27,633 --> 00:51:29,633
But that's half their story.

675
00:51:29,633 --> 00:51:31,466
[ Honking ]

676
00:51:31,466 --> 00:51:35,200
♪♪

677
00:51:35,200 --> 00:51:38,400
Next time,
we discover extreme lives...

678
00:51:38,400 --> 00:51:41,500
[ Screeching ]

679
00:51:41,500 --> 00:51:43,733
...the most hostile places...

680
00:51:43,733 --> 00:51:47,233
♪♪

681
00:51:47,233 --> 00:51:49,100
...and the toughest prey...

682
00:51:49,100 --> 00:51:52,433
♪♪

683
00:51:52,433 --> 00:51:55,800
...revealing the struggles
of savanna specialists...

684
00:51:55,800 --> 00:52:00,600
♪♪

685
00:52:00,600 --> 00:52:04,266
...intelligence, and social life
of island castaways...

686
00:52:04,266 --> 00:52:08,966
♪♪

687
00:52:08,966 --> 00:52:11,033
...masters of hide-and-seek...

688
00:52:11,033 --> 00:52:14,833
♪♪

689
00:52:14,833 --> 00:52:17,033
...and epic spectacle.

690
00:52:17,033 --> 00:52:25,566
♪♪

691
00:52:25,566 --> 00:52:28,366
And in a changing world,

692
00:52:28,366 --> 00:52:32,300
what does the future hold
for raptors?

693
00:52:35,733 --> 00:52:39,766
NARRATOR: A hunter's life
is full of challenges.

694
00:52:39,766 --> 00:52:42,566
But armed with
a fistful of daggers,

695
00:52:42,566 --> 00:52:44,933
raptors have risen to the top.

696
00:52:44,933 --> 00:52:46,500
♪♪

697
00:52:46,500 --> 00:52:48,900
But there's another side
to their story.

698
00:52:48,900 --> 00:52:50,200
[ Seal bellows ]

699
00:52:50,200 --> 00:52:54,866
They're resourceful parents
and determined survivors.

700
00:52:54,866 --> 00:52:56,733
And in a changing world,

701
00:52:56,733 --> 00:52:59,700
what does the future hold
for raptors?

702
00:52:59,700 --> 00:53:04,433
♪♪

703
00:53:05,900 --> 00:53:42,800
♪♪

704
00:53:42,800 --> 00:53:44,933
-To learn more
about what you've seen

705
00:53:44,933 --> 00:53:46,433
on this "Nature" program,

706
00:53:46,433 --> 00:53:48,633
visit pbs.org.

707
00:53:48,633 --> 00:53:54,866
♪♪