1 00:00:02,470 --> 00:00:04,510 is a study in contrasts. 2 00:00:04,590 --> 00:00:06,350 Remote islands, 3 00:00:06,430 --> 00:00:07,590 busy cities... 4 00:00:07,670 --> 00:00:09,910 ..and when it comes to animal combat, 5 00:00:09,990 --> 00:00:12,510 the weapons of war must adapt. 6 00:00:12,590 --> 00:00:14,950 You've got a mouth packed full of teeth. 7 00:00:16,510 --> 00:00:17,470 (SCREECHING) 8 00:00:17,550 --> 00:00:19,230 There's stomping, there's jumping, 9 00:00:19,310 --> 00:00:20,630 there's very strong, 10 00:00:20,710 --> 00:00:21,910 aggressive pulling. 11 00:00:21,990 --> 00:00:22,950 (SCREECHING) 12 00:00:23,950 --> 00:00:25,430 They don't have teeth, but they have 13 00:00:25,510 --> 00:00:27,390 these really, really strong beaks. 14 00:00:29,550 --> 00:00:30,790 If you look at the injuries 15 00:00:30,870 --> 00:00:31,950 that come out of these fights, 16 00:00:32,030 --> 00:00:33,430 they are BRUTAL. 17 00:00:34,790 --> 00:00:36,550 Things get pretty hardcore, 18 00:00:36,630 --> 00:00:38,430 pretty quickly. 19 00:00:38,510 --> 00:00:39,670 It's crazy. 20 00:00:39,750 --> 00:00:41,630 Every day, everywhere, 21 00:00:41,710 --> 00:00:43,430 our planet is a battle ground. 22 00:00:43,510 --> 00:00:45,070 (NEIGHING, GRUNTING) 23 00:00:45,150 --> 00:00:46,670 Turf wars... (BELLOWING) 24 00:00:46,750 --> 00:00:48,150 ..food fights... 25 00:00:48,230 --> 00:00:49,350 ..and mating mayhem 26 00:00:49,430 --> 00:00:50,670 ..rage on... 27 00:00:50,750 --> 00:00:52,510 ..as animals outwit 28 00:00:52,590 --> 00:00:55,030 and outmanoeuvre their own kind... 29 00:00:55,110 --> 00:00:56,670 ..in Battle of the Alphas. 30 00:00:56,750 --> 00:00:57,750 (ROARING) 31 00:00:59,470 --> 00:01:01,070 Southeast Asia. 32 00:01:01,150 --> 00:01:03,190 Made up of 11 different countries, 33 00:01:03,270 --> 00:01:05,390 stretching from the Indochina Peninsula 34 00:01:05,470 --> 00:01:06,870 to the edge of Indonesia. 35 00:01:08,350 --> 00:01:10,950 There, on four rugged islands, 36 00:01:11,030 --> 00:01:12,470 an ancient survivor, 37 00:01:12,550 --> 00:01:14,270 fights a prehistoric war. 38 00:01:15,910 --> 00:01:17,350 Enter the dragon. 39 00:01:17,430 --> 00:01:19,590 (STOMPING) 40 00:01:19,670 --> 00:01:22,670 Komodo dragons are the largest lizard on Earth, 41 00:01:22,750 --> 00:01:24,390 and they are, 42 00:01:24,470 --> 00:01:25,550 in my opinion, 43 00:01:25,630 --> 00:01:27,670 superior and phenomenal 44 00:01:27,750 --> 00:01:29,710 in so many ways. 45 00:01:29,790 --> 00:01:32,030 They're one of the only lizards that stalks their prey. 46 00:01:32,110 --> 00:01:34,670 and actually, maybe a little bit horrifically, 47 00:01:34,750 --> 00:01:36,350 they've been known to stalk... 48 00:01:36,430 --> 00:01:37,390 ..small children. 49 00:01:38,670 --> 00:01:40,190 Komodos have roamed the Earth 50 00:01:40,270 --> 00:01:41,910 for four million years. 51 00:01:41,990 --> 00:01:43,390 (HISSING) 52 00:01:43,470 --> 00:01:46,190 No ordinary creature will oppose them. 53 00:01:46,270 --> 00:01:48,110 Komodo dragons are... 54 00:01:48,190 --> 00:01:49,870 ..one of those few creatures 55 00:01:49,950 --> 00:01:52,910 that TRULY are fearless. 56 00:01:52,990 --> 00:01:54,590 Realistically, the only thing 57 00:01:54,670 --> 00:01:56,550 that could take down a Komodo dragon 58 00:01:56,630 --> 00:01:58,910 is probably another Komodo dragon. 59 00:02:01,870 --> 00:02:02,910 Even their own babies 60 00:02:02,990 --> 00:02:04,910 have to hide from these monsters. 61 00:02:06,590 --> 00:02:08,350 They're not safe on the ground. 62 00:02:08,430 --> 00:02:10,390 They're barely safer in the trees. 63 00:02:10,470 --> 00:02:11,990 However, the trees are... 64 00:02:12,070 --> 00:02:14,270 ..where they take refuge from the adults. 65 00:02:14,350 --> 00:02:16,190 If they don't take refuge from the adults, 66 00:02:16,270 --> 00:02:17,950 including their parents, 67 00:02:18,030 --> 00:02:20,430 they will almost undoubtedly be eaten. 68 00:02:22,310 --> 00:02:23,830 Ferocious as they are, 69 00:02:23,910 --> 00:02:26,310 these three-metre-long apex warriors 70 00:02:26,390 --> 00:02:27,870 don't flash their weapons. 71 00:02:27,950 --> 00:02:29,590 (HISSING) 72 00:02:29,670 --> 00:02:32,430 It looks like it doesn't eat anything tougher than mush. 73 00:02:34,230 --> 00:02:36,030 But it does. 74 00:02:36,110 --> 00:02:38,430 When it comes to the business end of a Komodo dragon, 75 00:02:38,510 --> 00:02:40,750 you've got a mouth packed full of teeth. 76 00:02:40,830 --> 00:02:42,390 Up to 60 teeth 77 00:02:42,470 --> 00:02:44,230 that are hidden by their gums. 78 00:02:44,310 --> 00:02:45,470 But as soon as they come to bite, 79 00:02:45,550 --> 00:02:46,990 those gums are shredded, 80 00:02:47,070 --> 00:02:49,630 and the teeth come to the fore. 81 00:02:49,710 --> 00:02:51,830 A vicious bite is bad enough, 82 00:02:51,910 --> 00:02:54,750 but Komodos add some secret sauce. 83 00:02:55,910 --> 00:02:57,510 For a really, really long time, 84 00:02:57,590 --> 00:03:00,550 people believed that the mouth of a Komodo dragon 85 00:03:00,630 --> 00:03:04,190 harboured all these really, really dangerous bacteria, 86 00:03:04,270 --> 00:03:05,430 and that a bite 87 00:03:05,510 --> 00:03:07,670 essentially infected you with this bacteria. 88 00:03:07,750 --> 00:03:09,230 That's not true. 89 00:03:09,310 --> 00:03:11,110 Komodo dragons are venomous. 90 00:03:11,190 --> 00:03:12,150 (RATTLING) 91 00:03:12,230 --> 00:03:14,270 Snakes are venomous too, of course. 92 00:03:14,350 --> 00:03:17,190 They inject venom using hollow fangs. 93 00:03:17,270 --> 00:03:18,670 Not these bulldozers. 94 00:03:19,710 --> 00:03:22,270 The only way they can get the venom into the wound 95 00:03:22,350 --> 00:03:24,510 is by mashing, tearing, 96 00:03:24,590 --> 00:03:26,870 ripping and mulching the flesh. 97 00:03:26,950 --> 00:03:28,870 Basically, masticating the venom 98 00:03:28,950 --> 00:03:30,430 into their bloodstream. 99 00:03:31,790 --> 00:03:33,910 One of the biggest, I guess we could say "benefits" 100 00:03:33,990 --> 00:03:36,910 is that it contains anticoagulants. 101 00:03:36,990 --> 00:03:40,910 So, when a Komodo dragon actually bites a prey item, 102 00:03:40,990 --> 00:03:41,990 whatever it might be, 103 00:03:42,070 --> 00:03:43,910 it bleeds out slowly, 104 00:03:43,990 --> 00:03:45,590 and the Komodo dragon, essentially, 105 00:03:45,670 --> 00:03:47,070 just follows it around 106 00:03:47,150 --> 00:03:48,630 until it dies. 107 00:03:48,710 --> 00:03:49,950 So, it's pretty brutal. 108 00:03:52,670 --> 00:03:56,070 Today, this brute has caught the whiff of opportunity. 109 00:03:56,150 --> 00:03:57,790 The scent not of prey, 110 00:03:57,870 --> 00:03:59,550 but of a female. 111 00:03:59,630 --> 00:04:02,710 Komodo males can zero in on reproductive females 112 00:04:02,790 --> 00:04:06,070 by detecting special hormones in her faeces. 113 00:04:06,150 --> 00:04:08,870 It's an island-wide “come hither." 114 00:04:08,950 --> 00:04:10,910 An invitation to the big fight. 115 00:04:10,990 --> 00:04:12,750 (HISSING) 116 00:04:12,830 --> 00:04:13,830 Komodo dragons, 117 00:04:13,910 --> 00:04:15,430 if a brawl were to break out, 118 00:04:15,510 --> 00:04:17,950 it's almost always over mates. 119 00:04:18,030 --> 00:04:19,470 The female will pretty much 120 00:04:19,550 --> 00:04:21,910 just mate with the one that wins the brawl 121 00:04:21,990 --> 00:04:24,150 because pretty much that's what's going to tell the female 122 00:04:24,230 --> 00:04:25,390 this is the strongest male, 123 00:04:25,470 --> 00:04:26,470 this is the toughest male, 124 00:04:26,550 --> 00:04:28,190 this is the male whose genes 125 00:04:28,270 --> 00:04:30,910 I want to have passed down to my offspring. 126 00:04:30,990 --> 00:04:32,310 The defender kicks off 127 00:04:32,390 --> 00:04:34,230 with a bout of sabre rattling... 128 00:04:34,310 --> 00:04:35,670 ..Komodo style. 129 00:04:35,750 --> 00:04:36,870 Loud hissing, 130 00:04:36,950 --> 00:04:37,910 head shakes, 131 00:04:37,990 --> 00:04:39,350 and a whip of the tail. 132 00:04:40,550 --> 00:04:41,910 (HISSING) 133 00:04:42,790 --> 00:04:45,430 They know that if it really does come to blows, 134 00:04:45,510 --> 00:04:46,990 it could end up with one of them dead. 135 00:04:47,070 --> 00:04:48,390 So they'll hiss at each other. 136 00:04:48,470 --> 00:04:50,070 That's a great way again of saying, 137 00:04:50,150 --> 00:04:51,430 "Look, I'm big, I'm healthy, 138 00:04:51,510 --> 00:04:52,790 "I can make a loud noise. 139 00:04:52,870 --> 00:04:54,310 "Don't try it." 140 00:04:54,390 --> 00:04:56,470 But the challenger won't back down. 141 00:04:58,030 --> 00:04:59,750 At the start, all looks calm. 142 00:05:00,790 --> 00:05:03,430 And then suddenly, that explosion of energy 143 00:05:03,510 --> 00:05:04,630 as they realize, 144 00:05:04,710 --> 00:05:06,030 "Oh, it's on!" 145 00:05:07,670 --> 00:05:09,790 It's no-holds-barred as they push on, 146 00:05:09,870 --> 00:05:11,670 and up for the main event. 147 00:05:12,870 --> 00:05:14,030 (GROWLING) 148 00:05:14,110 --> 00:05:15,910 Things get pretty hardcore, 149 00:05:15,990 --> 00:05:17,350 pretty quickly. 150 00:05:17,430 --> 00:05:19,510 They lock arms, they get into that grip, 151 00:05:19,590 --> 00:05:21,350 and they are pushing super hard. 152 00:05:21,430 --> 00:05:24,030 It's the first to fall is gonna fail. 153 00:05:24,110 --> 00:05:26,390 In some cases, they can actually push each other 154 00:05:26,470 --> 00:05:28,190 to the extent that one Komodo dragon 155 00:05:28,270 --> 00:05:30,790 might be balancing on its tail alone. 156 00:05:30,870 --> 00:05:33,190 So the tail is almost like a fifth limb. 157 00:05:33,270 --> 00:05:35,630 But that tail is able to support the weight 158 00:05:35,710 --> 00:05:37,390 of an entire Komodo dragon. 159 00:05:38,950 --> 00:05:41,390 They've got all that strength, all that power. 160 00:05:41,470 --> 00:05:43,510 They have got tearing claws, 161 00:05:43,590 --> 00:05:45,430 that could easily lacerate 162 00:05:45,510 --> 00:05:46,950 most other creatures. 163 00:05:47,030 --> 00:05:48,670 And they will wrestle, 164 00:05:48,750 --> 00:05:50,390 like, old-school style. 165 00:05:51,510 --> 00:05:52,910 The difference, I would say, 166 00:05:52,990 --> 00:05:54,550 between when pro wrestlers fight 167 00:05:54,630 --> 00:05:57,110 and these two giant male Komodos fight, 168 00:05:57,190 --> 00:05:59,710 is Komodos have 60 razor-sharp teeth 169 00:05:59,790 --> 00:06:02,150 that they will use to bite their opponents. 170 00:06:04,150 --> 00:06:05,910 And, remember that deadly venom? 171 00:06:08,390 --> 00:06:09,990 Straight away, you might think that fighting 172 00:06:10,070 --> 00:06:11,910 mouth-to-mouth with a Komodo dragon 173 00:06:11,990 --> 00:06:14,270 is gonna be suicide for one or the other. 174 00:06:14,350 --> 00:06:16,550 But Science has recently discovered 175 00:06:16,630 --> 00:06:19,510 that they have a very interesting protein 176 00:06:19,590 --> 00:06:20,750 in their bloodstream 177 00:06:20,830 --> 00:06:22,750 that helps to nullify 178 00:06:22,830 --> 00:06:24,990 the effects of the venom. 179 00:06:25,070 --> 00:06:26,550 So, a Komodo dragon 180 00:06:26,630 --> 00:06:28,550 cannot kill its rival 181 00:06:28,630 --> 00:06:29,710 with its venom. 182 00:06:31,510 --> 00:06:33,070 I'm not sure if the claws 183 00:06:33,150 --> 00:06:34,550 or the teeth are more prominent, 184 00:06:34,630 --> 00:06:36,190 when it comes to who's going to win the fight. 185 00:06:36,270 --> 00:06:38,030 They're both definitely... 186 00:06:38,110 --> 00:06:39,310 ..incredibly sharp. 187 00:06:41,070 --> 00:06:42,430 After all the biting, 188 00:06:42,510 --> 00:06:44,150 clawing, and shoving, 189 00:06:44,230 --> 00:06:46,990 one Komodo declares he's had enough. 190 00:06:47,070 --> 00:06:49,070 And the champion claims his reward. 191 00:06:49,150 --> 00:06:50,990 (HISSING) 192 00:06:51,070 --> 00:06:53,190 Courtship for Komodo dragons 193 00:06:53,270 --> 00:06:55,350 is very much like their lives. 194 00:06:55,430 --> 00:06:57,790 It is swift, and it is brutal. 195 00:06:57,870 --> 00:06:58,870 There's no Barry White 196 00:06:58,950 --> 00:07:01,110 playing in the background here, OK? 197 00:07:01,190 --> 00:07:02,830 Once a male Komodo 198 00:07:02,910 --> 00:07:05,870 has the attention of a female, 199 00:07:05,950 --> 00:07:07,670 which is merely designated 200 00:07:07,750 --> 00:07:10,510 by the fact she doesn't just run away, 201 00:07:10,590 --> 00:07:12,390 as far as courtship goes, 202 00:07:12,470 --> 00:07:14,150 is it can be some nuzzling, 203 00:07:14,230 --> 00:07:16,390 a little bit of scratching... 204 00:07:16,470 --> 00:07:17,750 They will quickly mate, 205 00:07:17,830 --> 00:07:20,110 and then pretty much part ways 206 00:07:20,190 --> 00:07:22,550 to never really care about each other ever again. 207 00:07:24,150 --> 00:07:25,630 Komodos are fighters, 208 00:07:25,710 --> 00:07:27,110 not lovers. 209 00:07:27,190 --> 00:07:28,830 That's the way of the dragon. 210 00:07:30,870 --> 00:07:31,990 (SHRIEKING) 211 00:07:32,070 --> 00:07:33,430 (ROARING) 212 00:07:37,350 --> 00:07:39,630 Meanwhile, up a tree in Thailand, 213 00:07:39,710 --> 00:07:41,030 there's a tiny contender 214 00:07:41,110 --> 00:07:43,470 famous for its high-altitude throw-down. 215 00:07:44,310 --> 00:07:46,430 Meet the Japanese rhinoceros beetle, 216 00:07:46,510 --> 00:07:49,070 a brawler that makes its gigantic namesake... 217 00:07:49,150 --> 00:07:50,110 ..look tame. 218 00:07:51,110 --> 00:07:53,070 The Japanese rhinoceros beetle is amazing. 219 00:07:53,150 --> 00:07:54,590 It has a long horn 220 00:07:54,670 --> 00:07:56,430 that extends from its face, 221 00:07:56,510 --> 00:07:58,110 that gives it its name. 222 00:07:59,110 --> 00:08:00,310 Alright, so if you're standing up, 223 00:08:00,390 --> 00:08:01,470 and you put your hand, you know, 224 00:08:01,550 --> 00:08:02,670 on your chest, right about here, 225 00:08:02,750 --> 00:08:04,270 that's about two-thirds of your height. 226 00:08:04,350 --> 00:08:05,990 Imagine a stick that long 227 00:08:06,070 --> 00:08:07,150 coming out of your forehead. 228 00:08:07,230 --> 00:08:08,630 That's what rhinoceros beetles have. 229 00:08:08,710 --> 00:08:09,990 It's huge! 230 00:08:10,070 --> 00:08:11,550 And it's used for one thing, 231 00:08:11,630 --> 00:08:13,430 which is for fighting other males. 232 00:08:17,110 --> 00:08:18,630 Only the male rhino beetle 233 00:08:18,710 --> 00:08:20,430 has this enormous horn. 234 00:08:20,510 --> 00:08:21,870 The longer it is, 235 00:08:21,950 --> 00:08:25,150 the better he can duel for the ultimate prize: 236 00:08:25,230 --> 00:08:26,790 a mate. 237 00:08:26,870 --> 00:08:28,870 This is a kind of beetle that eats sap. 238 00:08:28,950 --> 00:08:30,350 So, they go to a branch 239 00:08:30,430 --> 00:08:32,150 in a place where the sap is available, 240 00:08:32,230 --> 00:08:33,190 and they set up shop, 241 00:08:33,270 --> 00:08:35,070 because that's where the females are gonna go to eat, 242 00:08:35,150 --> 00:08:36,790 and that's where the mating's gonna happen. 243 00:08:38,030 --> 00:08:39,150 Sooner or later, 244 00:08:39,230 --> 00:08:40,670 a female will arrive, 245 00:08:40,750 --> 00:08:42,350 hungry for sap. 246 00:08:42,430 --> 00:08:44,990 But other males will also come running, 247 00:08:45,070 --> 00:08:47,070 his challengers for the cage match. 248 00:08:48,790 --> 00:08:51,590 What's so fun about rhinoceros beetles as a group 249 00:08:51,670 --> 00:08:53,750 is that they have all kinds of different fighting methods. 250 00:08:53,830 --> 00:08:54,830 Some of them pinch, 251 00:08:54,910 --> 00:08:55,950 some of them scoop, 252 00:08:56,030 --> 00:08:58,150 but the Japanese rhinoceros beetle 253 00:08:58,230 --> 00:09:00,590 is a pitchfork method. 254 00:09:00,670 --> 00:09:02,830 Right? They get their horn under the other one 255 00:09:02,910 --> 00:09:03,950 and throw it. 256 00:09:09,990 --> 00:09:11,950 And that horn in that species 257 00:09:12,030 --> 00:09:14,310 is built exactly for that task. 258 00:09:15,910 --> 00:09:17,790 First up, a little guy. 259 00:09:19,950 --> 00:09:21,710 No problem there. 260 00:09:21,790 --> 00:09:23,270 But the night is young. 261 00:09:24,190 --> 00:09:25,750 At one sap site, 262 00:09:25,830 --> 00:09:27,990 multiple fights can happen in a night. 263 00:09:28,070 --> 00:09:30,590 You might have one male starting off 264 00:09:30,670 --> 00:09:33,350 as the owner of that territory, 265 00:09:33,430 --> 00:09:35,470 and he might be usurped, 266 00:09:35,550 --> 00:09:37,030 and then that male might be usurped. 267 00:09:38,150 --> 00:09:39,390 Battle number two. 268 00:09:40,710 --> 00:09:43,510 It's jousting meets tug-of-war for the win. 269 00:09:46,110 --> 00:09:48,590 It's easy to underestimate the intelligence of a beetle. 270 00:09:48,670 --> 00:09:49,710 That's fair, but... 271 00:09:49,790 --> 00:09:51,470 ..a lot of thinking goes into these fights. 272 00:09:51,550 --> 00:09:54,110 I mean, the male has to suss out how big they are, 273 00:09:54,190 --> 00:09:55,190 how big that opponent is, 274 00:09:55,270 --> 00:09:57,190 and come up with a probability of winning. 275 00:09:58,350 --> 00:09:59,390 They start off 276 00:09:59,470 --> 00:10:01,430 by facing each other off, 277 00:10:01,510 --> 00:10:02,670 and sizing each other up. 278 00:10:03,710 --> 00:10:05,390 If they decide to fight, 279 00:10:05,470 --> 00:10:07,950 then they start to engage. 280 00:10:08,030 --> 00:10:10,390 They will kind of tussle and punch each other. 281 00:10:13,910 --> 00:10:16,230 The next opponent is a worthy challenger. 282 00:10:18,510 --> 00:10:20,070 He works to manoeuvre his horn 283 00:10:20,150 --> 00:10:21,830 into just the right position. 284 00:10:23,150 --> 00:10:25,350 They kind of bash them together, 285 00:10:25,430 --> 00:10:28,230 but one of the things that we often see them do 286 00:10:28,310 --> 00:10:31,150 is use their horns to try to get under the other beetle, 287 00:10:31,230 --> 00:10:32,670 and flip them over, 288 00:10:32,750 --> 00:10:35,270 and often they're trying to flip them off the branch. 289 00:10:36,790 --> 00:10:38,910 Hooks on the ends of the defender's feet 290 00:10:38,990 --> 00:10:40,270 help him hang on. 291 00:10:41,310 --> 00:10:42,430 Easy does it! 292 00:10:44,030 --> 00:10:45,750 In the pitch of battle, 293 00:10:45,830 --> 00:10:48,150 the best thing that males can do is just... 294 00:10:48,230 --> 00:10:50,710 ..avoid being thrown themselves. 295 00:10:50,790 --> 00:10:52,270 They use their legs 296 00:10:52,350 --> 00:10:54,790 to grasp onto the branch really tightly, 297 00:10:54,870 --> 00:10:57,230 and if another male catches them on the side, 298 00:10:57,310 --> 00:10:59,350 then they can be punctured, 299 00:10:59,430 --> 00:11:01,150 so they try to 300 00:11:01,230 --> 00:11:03,230 face each other head-on. 301 00:11:03,310 --> 00:11:05,190 When a rhino beetle falls off that branch, 302 00:11:05,270 --> 00:11:06,470 they can get seriously damaged. 303 00:11:06,550 --> 00:11:07,870 I mean, they could break the horn, 304 00:11:07,950 --> 00:11:10,110 and if they break the horn, they're not gonna mate this year. 305 00:11:10,190 --> 00:11:11,150 I mean, they're done. 306 00:11:11,230 --> 00:11:12,670 That raises the question: 307 00:11:12,750 --> 00:11:14,390 if they can get hurt in a fall... 308 00:11:14,470 --> 00:11:16,230 ..why don't they just fly? 309 00:11:16,310 --> 00:11:18,710 Well, it's not the horn that weighs them down. 310 00:11:18,790 --> 00:11:21,070 People used to think that, but no. 311 00:11:21,150 --> 00:11:22,350 It turns out 312 00:11:22,430 --> 00:11:23,470 the horn's pretty light. 313 00:11:23,550 --> 00:11:25,070 It doesn't really interfere with flight. 314 00:11:25,150 --> 00:11:26,470 If you cut it off or leave it on, 315 00:11:26,550 --> 00:11:28,350 it doesn't really affect flight very much at all. 316 00:11:28,430 --> 00:11:30,230 They hold it in a special way when they're flying, 317 00:11:30,310 --> 00:11:31,990 it's not very heavy. 318 00:11:32,070 --> 00:11:34,110 But these mammoth flyers 319 00:11:34,190 --> 00:11:36,990 still find it hard to start their engines mid-fall. 320 00:11:38,350 --> 00:11:40,670 They are big, heavy beetles. 321 00:11:41,950 --> 00:11:44,230 So, when the rhinoceros beetles are flung off the branch, 322 00:11:44,310 --> 00:11:46,830 sometimes they can't open their wings fast enough 323 00:11:46,910 --> 00:11:49,710 to fly away and avoid falling to the ground. 324 00:11:52,190 --> 00:11:54,070 Ultimately, it comes down to that shovel. 325 00:11:54,150 --> 00:11:56,150 If that horn gets under your belly, 326 00:11:56,230 --> 00:11:58,470 if it gets under your legs and starts lifting you up, 327 00:11:58,550 --> 00:11:59,750 you can hold on as tight as you want, 328 00:11:59,830 --> 00:12:01,310 but in all likelihood, you're done. 329 00:12:02,990 --> 00:12:04,310 An attack from behind 330 00:12:04,390 --> 00:12:06,390 catches a fourth Rhino off guard. 331 00:12:12,270 --> 00:12:14,110 These battles are quite vicious. 332 00:12:14,190 --> 00:12:16,150 The horns are actually quite sharp. 333 00:12:17,630 --> 00:12:19,870 It can rip the side of the body, 334 00:12:19,950 --> 00:12:22,070 it can damage the wings. 335 00:12:22,150 --> 00:12:24,790 Like a gladiator arena in ancient Rome. 336 00:12:24,870 --> 00:12:27,390 I mean, it's not just one fight then everybody goes home. 337 00:12:27,470 --> 00:12:28,830 A male might end up having, like, 338 00:12:28,910 --> 00:12:30,630 a dozen fights in a single night. 339 00:12:30,710 --> 00:12:31,750 It's crazy. 340 00:12:33,550 --> 00:12:34,790 But the defending champion 341 00:12:34,870 --> 00:12:36,110 shows his grit. 342 00:12:37,150 --> 00:12:38,830 There's no evidence that females prefer 343 00:12:38,910 --> 00:12:40,030 a male with a large horn. 344 00:12:40,110 --> 00:12:41,550 It's just that the fights 345 00:12:41,630 --> 00:12:43,550 all come down to that horn. 346 00:12:43,630 --> 00:12:45,070 And once the fights are done, 347 00:12:45,150 --> 00:12:46,470 whichever male remains is the one 348 00:12:46,550 --> 00:12:47,830 that gets to mate with the females. 349 00:12:48,990 --> 00:12:51,350 It's a victory as sweet as sap. 350 00:12:51,430 --> 00:12:53,150 Not bad for one night's work! 351 00:12:55,310 --> 00:12:57,270 (ROARING, SCREECHING) 352 00:26:04,950 --> 00:26:06,230 While rhino beetles 353 00:26:06,310 --> 00:26:07,790 battle it out in the forests... 354 00:26:08,910 --> 00:26:10,670 Macaques hone their skills 355 00:26:10,750 --> 00:26:12,350 as gritty street fighters. 356 00:26:14,630 --> 00:26:16,030 These animals are aggressive fighters. 357 00:26:16,110 --> 00:26:17,550 They're biting, they're swiping, 358 00:26:17,630 --> 00:26:18,590 they're lunging. 359 00:26:18,670 --> 00:26:20,630 (CHITTERING) 360 00:26:20,710 --> 00:26:21,750 (SQUEALING) 361 00:26:21,830 --> 00:26:23,670 They charge each other, they bite each other, 362 00:26:23,750 --> 00:26:25,790 they use their hands to rip hair. 363 00:26:25,870 --> 00:26:27,750 It can be very, very intense. 364 00:26:28,950 --> 00:26:31,630 Fourteen species of these hot-tempered primates 365 00:26:31,710 --> 00:26:33,110 live in Southeast Asia. 366 00:26:35,510 --> 00:26:37,590 Some, like these urban marauders, 367 00:26:37,670 --> 00:26:39,790 have left the forest behind. (SCREECHING) 368 00:26:39,870 --> 00:26:41,630 The mean streets are their arena. 369 00:26:43,070 --> 00:26:44,630 If you go to a city where there are macaques, 370 00:26:44,710 --> 00:26:46,430 you'll find them, like, on the walls, 371 00:26:46,510 --> 00:26:47,550 you'll find them on the roofs. 372 00:26:47,630 --> 00:26:48,590 They're sneaking around, 373 00:26:48,670 --> 00:26:49,990 they're stealing from stores. 374 00:26:50,950 --> 00:26:52,790 They're like a vicious gang 375 00:26:52,870 --> 00:26:54,510 that is hugely successful. 376 00:26:55,550 --> 00:26:58,030 This gang is no democracy. 377 00:26:58,110 --> 00:27:00,710 Everyone has a place in the pecking order, 378 00:27:00,790 --> 00:27:02,510 whether they like it... 379 00:27:02,590 --> 00:27:03,630 (SCREECHING) 380 00:27:03,710 --> 00:27:05,390 ..or not. 381 00:27:05,470 --> 00:27:06,950 It doesn't take much for a fight to start. 382 00:27:07,030 --> 00:27:08,830 So, they might be fighting over territory, 383 00:27:08,910 --> 00:27:10,070 they might be fighting over food, 384 00:27:10,150 --> 00:27:11,430 they might be fighting over 385 00:27:11,510 --> 00:27:12,630 the way they look at each other. 386 00:27:12,710 --> 00:27:13,790 It's hard to know, 387 00:27:13,870 --> 00:27:16,270 but aggression is a huge part of life 388 00:27:16,350 --> 00:27:17,750 for these animals. 389 00:27:17,830 --> 00:27:19,070 The root of that aggression 390 00:27:19,150 --> 00:27:20,550 is simple. 391 00:27:20,630 --> 00:27:22,390 Fight to keep what you've got 392 00:27:22,470 --> 00:27:24,510 and fight to get more of what you want... 393 00:27:24,590 --> 00:27:26,070 ..whatever it is. 394 00:27:27,270 --> 00:27:28,470 What I love about macaques 395 00:27:28,550 --> 00:27:29,710 is you have to respect them, right? 396 00:27:29,790 --> 00:27:31,630 They are who they are, no matter what. 397 00:27:32,550 --> 00:27:33,910 (CHITTERING) 398 00:27:33,990 --> 00:27:35,550 They're all relaxing, everybody's fine, 399 00:27:35,630 --> 00:27:37,390 and then all of a sudden one of them is like, 400 00:27:37,470 --> 00:27:39,430 "Wait a second, we're macaques, I gotta fight somebody." 401 00:27:39,510 --> 00:27:40,670 (SHRIEKING) 402 00:27:41,910 --> 00:27:43,270 Male and female macaques 403 00:27:43,350 --> 00:27:45,430 climb different social ladders, 404 00:27:45,510 --> 00:27:47,790 with top mammas born to rule. 405 00:27:50,150 --> 00:27:52,790 Macaques tend to be female dominance hierarchies 406 00:27:52,870 --> 00:27:54,350 where you have an alpha female, 407 00:27:54,430 --> 00:27:56,310 and then she kind of runs the family group. 408 00:27:58,390 --> 00:27:59,870 Female macaques do not have to 409 00:27:59,950 --> 00:28:01,550 fight their way into their rank. 410 00:28:01,630 --> 00:28:02,830 They're born at the top, 411 00:28:02,910 --> 00:28:04,550 or born subordinate, 412 00:28:04,630 --> 00:28:06,830 and that means if the queen gives birth, 413 00:28:06,910 --> 00:28:09,030 her offspring are automatically 414 00:28:09,110 --> 00:28:10,870 at the top of the society. 415 00:28:12,230 --> 00:28:14,710 But for the females on the lower rungs, 416 00:28:14,790 --> 00:28:16,830 life is walking on eggshells, 417 00:28:16,910 --> 00:28:18,510 and making frenemies 418 00:28:18,590 --> 00:28:19,870 is a survival skill. 419 00:28:20,950 --> 00:28:23,590 It's definitely good to be at the higher ranks 420 00:28:23,670 --> 00:28:25,110 of a macaque society. 421 00:28:25,190 --> 00:28:26,870 They have better access to food, 422 00:28:26,950 --> 00:28:28,270 they're better protected 423 00:28:28,350 --> 00:28:30,030 by the rest of the crew, 424 00:28:30,110 --> 00:28:31,830 and for the lower-ranking females, 425 00:28:31,910 --> 00:28:33,150 it's more strategic for them 426 00:28:33,230 --> 00:28:35,870 to not fight with their higher-ranking members 427 00:28:35,950 --> 00:28:38,030 so that they can stay protected as well. 428 00:28:39,350 --> 00:28:40,430 One way to avoid fights 429 00:28:40,510 --> 00:28:42,470 is to groom the other macaques. 430 00:28:42,550 --> 00:28:44,790 Say, "Hey, I'm your buddy. Let me give you a little massage. 431 00:28:44,870 --> 00:28:46,790 "Let me get those parasites out of your fur." 432 00:28:46,870 --> 00:28:48,230 It's a way to stop them from killing you. 433 00:28:48,310 --> 00:28:50,350 And so, when you look at who's grooming who, 434 00:28:50,430 --> 00:28:52,190 it's always grooming up. 435 00:28:52,270 --> 00:28:54,030 It's always grooming towards the ones 436 00:28:54,110 --> 00:28:55,190 that could beat you up. 437 00:28:56,390 --> 00:28:57,910 Grooming can be... 438 00:28:57,990 --> 00:28:59,070 ..quite strategic. 439 00:28:59,150 --> 00:29:01,190 It's almost like sucking up. 440 00:29:02,390 --> 00:29:04,590 As tricky as it is for females, 441 00:29:04,670 --> 00:29:07,590 males walk an even shakier tightrope. 442 00:29:07,670 --> 00:29:09,550 From the moment they reach puberty, 443 00:29:09,630 --> 00:29:11,590 life is a series of squabbles, 444 00:29:11,670 --> 00:29:12,670 skirmishes, 445 00:29:12,750 --> 00:29:13,790 and wars. 446 00:29:14,750 --> 00:29:17,070 In terms of male macaques in the troop, 447 00:29:17,150 --> 00:29:19,270 it's a temporary position. 448 00:29:20,750 --> 00:29:22,550 Males get to be part of the troop when they're babies 449 00:29:22,630 --> 00:29:24,470 but by the time they're two or three years old, 450 00:29:24,550 --> 00:29:26,630 they're kicked out, they have to figure it out on their own. 451 00:29:27,510 --> 00:29:30,070 They have to break into a new troop... 452 00:29:30,150 --> 00:29:32,190 ..usually by fighting. 453 00:29:32,270 --> 00:29:33,630 So the reigning alpha male 454 00:29:33,710 --> 00:29:35,510 always has a target on his back. 455 00:29:36,550 --> 00:29:37,670 Sooner or later, 456 00:29:37,750 --> 00:29:38,870 some young upstart 457 00:29:38,950 --> 00:29:41,430 will come gunning for a better life. 458 00:29:41,510 --> 00:29:42,710 Fights are just 459 00:29:42,790 --> 00:29:44,630 so hardwired into macaques, 460 00:29:44,710 --> 00:29:46,350 that competition within the species, 461 00:29:46,430 --> 00:29:47,910 that battle to be alpha, 462 00:29:47,990 --> 00:29:49,550 is so big for them 463 00:29:49,630 --> 00:29:50,590 that they can't let it go. 464 00:29:52,390 --> 00:29:54,510 At stake for the defending champ? 465 00:29:54,590 --> 00:29:55,550 Everything. 466 00:29:55,630 --> 00:29:56,910 Including his mate, 467 00:29:56,990 --> 00:29:58,910 and membership in the troup. 468 00:29:58,990 --> 00:29:59,990 (CHITTERING) 469 00:30:00,070 --> 00:30:01,870 One thing that these animals have is speed. 470 00:30:01,950 --> 00:30:03,590 They are very fast on the ground, 471 00:30:03,670 --> 00:30:04,870 they're very fast at climbing, 472 00:30:04,950 --> 00:30:06,430 so there's a lot of chasing 473 00:30:06,510 --> 00:30:08,150 that happens early on in the fight. 474 00:30:08,990 --> 00:30:10,110 Things move quickly 475 00:30:10,190 --> 00:30:12,350 from chase to schoolyard brawl. 476 00:30:12,430 --> 00:30:14,110 Macaques are all fury, 477 00:30:14,190 --> 00:30:15,310 no finesse. 478 00:30:15,390 --> 00:30:16,350 (SCREECHING) 479 00:30:16,430 --> 00:30:18,110 There's stomping, there's jumping, 480 00:30:18,190 --> 00:30:19,550 there's very strong 481 00:30:19,630 --> 00:30:20,950 aggressive pulling. 482 00:30:21,030 --> 00:30:22,710 Those hands and those feet 483 00:30:22,790 --> 00:30:23,990 can grab onto the flesh 484 00:30:24,070 --> 00:30:25,310 and pull on it very hard. 485 00:30:26,430 --> 00:30:28,470 If you look at the injuries that come out of these fights, 486 00:30:28,550 --> 00:30:29,830 they are BRUTAL. 487 00:30:30,670 --> 00:30:32,030 But ultimately, what it comes down to 488 00:30:32,110 --> 00:30:33,070 is those big old teeth. 489 00:30:34,030 --> 00:30:36,630 This challenger has no shot. 490 00:30:36,710 --> 00:30:38,430 He can't land a bite. 491 00:30:38,510 --> 00:30:40,470 So, he goes in for a hug. 492 00:30:41,430 --> 00:30:42,990 Instant damage control. 493 00:30:44,070 --> 00:30:45,950 That's the thing about macaques. 494 00:30:46,030 --> 00:30:47,790 As quick as they come to blows, 495 00:30:47,870 --> 00:30:49,310 they forgive and forget 496 00:30:49,390 --> 00:30:50,950 just as fast. 497 00:30:51,030 --> 00:30:52,350 But don't worry, 498 00:30:52,430 --> 00:30:53,630 they'll be fighting again 499 00:30:53,710 --> 00:30:54,710 in no time. 500 00:30:57,110 --> 00:30:58,510 (ROARING) 501 00:30:59,590 --> 00:31:01,310 From the urban battlefield 502 00:31:01,390 --> 00:31:02,870 to the warm ocean waters 503 00:31:02,950 --> 00:31:04,750 of the South China Sea. 504 00:31:04,830 --> 00:31:06,670 Green Sea Turtles 505 00:31:06,750 --> 00:31:09,270 are swimming in from all directions. 506 00:31:09,350 --> 00:31:10,670 Green sea turtles 507 00:31:10,750 --> 00:31:12,590 spend their time travelling 508 00:31:12,670 --> 00:31:13,710 well, any ocean. 509 00:31:13,790 --> 00:31:15,870 They go wherever they want to, 510 00:31:15,950 --> 00:31:17,150 travelling the ocean current. 511 00:31:17,230 --> 00:31:18,870 It's a beautiful life. 512 00:31:18,950 --> 00:31:20,910 But today, these male turtles 513 00:31:20,990 --> 00:31:22,430 are less surfer dude, 514 00:31:22,510 --> 00:31:24,310 more combat marine. 515 00:31:24,390 --> 00:31:25,470 And the reason? 516 00:31:25,550 --> 00:31:27,190 Well, there's something in the water. 517 00:31:28,390 --> 00:31:29,830 Females will release hormones 518 00:31:29,910 --> 00:31:31,030 into the water. 519 00:31:31,110 --> 00:31:32,110 And these hormones 520 00:31:32,190 --> 00:31:33,150 attract mates, 521 00:31:33,230 --> 00:31:34,790 attract males. 522 00:31:34,870 --> 00:31:36,350 The female's plan? 523 00:31:36,430 --> 00:31:37,950 Attract a mate near the beach 524 00:31:38,030 --> 00:31:39,390 where she was born, 525 00:31:39,470 --> 00:31:40,550 and where she'll return 526 00:31:40,630 --> 00:31:41,830 to lay her own eggs. 527 00:31:43,830 --> 00:31:46,150 And the reason she does that is because she knows, 528 00:31:46,230 --> 00:31:47,750 "Oh, I was hatched here, 529 00:31:47,830 --> 00:31:49,390 "this is a good nesting site." 530 00:31:50,390 --> 00:31:51,350 There aren't predators 531 00:31:51,430 --> 00:31:53,190 that are gonna eat all of the eggs, 532 00:31:53,270 --> 00:31:54,230 when they're still buried, 533 00:31:54,310 --> 00:31:56,390 or predate on the little hatchlings 534 00:31:56,470 --> 00:31:57,790 when they hatch from the shells. 535 00:31:57,870 --> 00:32:00,230 And so, a good nesting site is really key. 536 00:32:01,670 --> 00:32:02,910 For this female, 537 00:32:02,990 --> 00:32:04,430 that means a peaceful beach 538 00:32:04,510 --> 00:32:05,750 on the coast of Malaysia. 539 00:32:06,670 --> 00:32:08,790 But first, she has to mate. 540 00:32:08,870 --> 00:32:09,950 And that requires 541 00:32:10,030 --> 00:32:11,910 a bizarre battle at sea. 542 00:32:13,190 --> 00:32:15,150 If she remains horizontal, 543 00:32:15,230 --> 00:32:16,430 then it means she's receptive. 544 00:32:17,790 --> 00:32:19,630 But if he tries to mount her, 545 00:32:19,710 --> 00:32:20,910 and she's not keen, 546 00:32:20,990 --> 00:32:22,590 she turns vertical in the water, 547 00:32:22,670 --> 00:32:24,550 and the poor guy just slips straight off. 548 00:32:25,430 --> 00:32:27,190 Seems like she likes him. 549 00:32:27,270 --> 00:32:29,030 But does she like him, 550 00:32:29,110 --> 00:32:30,070 him, 551 00:32:30,150 --> 00:32:31,950 him, AND him?! 552 00:32:33,750 --> 00:32:35,390 Once the female releases her hormones, 553 00:32:35,470 --> 00:32:36,790 the males come swimming, 554 00:32:36,870 --> 00:32:38,550 and so, they will swim 555 00:32:38,630 --> 00:32:40,310 up to 4,000 kilometres 556 00:32:40,390 --> 00:32:41,950 to get to that female. 557 00:32:42,030 --> 00:32:43,150 So, it's pretty dramatic 558 00:32:43,230 --> 00:32:44,430 just from the get-go. 559 00:32:45,470 --> 00:32:46,550 Give the female her credit, 560 00:32:46,630 --> 00:32:47,590 she wants to mate 561 00:32:47,670 --> 00:32:49,510 with as many males as possible. 562 00:32:49,590 --> 00:32:51,470 But she wants the good ones. 563 00:32:51,550 --> 00:32:53,390 She wants those fit lads. 564 00:32:53,470 --> 00:32:55,590 She doesn't want any stragglers 565 00:32:55,670 --> 00:32:57,470 fathering her young. 566 00:32:57,550 --> 00:32:59,390 So, after she's got a pack 567 00:32:59,470 --> 00:33:01,190 of potential suitors around her, 568 00:33:01,270 --> 00:33:03,510 she puts them through their paces. 569 00:33:04,430 --> 00:33:05,390 The first male 570 00:33:05,470 --> 00:33:06,830 is still clinging tightly 571 00:33:06,910 --> 00:33:08,710 to the female's shell. 572 00:33:08,790 --> 00:33:10,470 Any other male who wants a shot 573 00:33:10,550 --> 00:33:11,990 will have to pry him off. 574 00:33:13,510 --> 00:33:15,910 He can hang on for hours, 575 00:33:15,990 --> 00:33:17,550 clinging, white-knuckled, 576 00:33:17,630 --> 00:33:19,630 or white-flippered, to her back 577 00:33:19,710 --> 00:33:22,350 as other potential males come in 578 00:33:22,430 --> 00:33:24,310 and start to test his resolve. 579 00:33:25,790 --> 00:33:27,510 These two, or three, or more males 580 00:33:27,590 --> 00:33:30,070 that are not on the female's back, 581 00:33:30,150 --> 00:33:31,950 are going to start biting the male 582 00:33:32,030 --> 00:33:32,990 who's on her back 583 00:33:33,070 --> 00:33:34,190 and trying to get him off 584 00:33:34,270 --> 00:33:35,270 so that they can mate 585 00:33:35,350 --> 00:33:36,430 with the female. 586 00:33:36,510 --> 00:33:37,990 He's gonna hold on for dear life. 587 00:33:38,070 --> 00:33:39,350 He's gonna hold on 588 00:33:39,430 --> 00:33:40,830 for about 24 hours, 589 00:33:40,910 --> 00:33:42,590 but in some really extreme cases, 590 00:33:42,670 --> 00:33:45,070 up to 119 hours, 591 00:33:45,150 --> 00:33:46,990 which is... absurd! 592 00:33:47,070 --> 00:33:49,710 It is absurd to think that an animal could ever mate 593 00:33:49,790 --> 00:33:51,390 for longer than a day, 594 00:33:51,470 --> 00:33:53,430 let alone 119 hours. 595 00:33:54,390 --> 00:33:55,430 Green sea turtles 596 00:33:55,510 --> 00:33:58,030 have a tough one-and-a-half metre carapace, 597 00:33:58,110 --> 00:33:59,950 that acts like body armour. 598 00:34:00,030 --> 00:34:02,030 But it doesn't cover his flippers. 599 00:34:04,270 --> 00:34:05,830 Now, you might be thinking, 600 00:34:05,910 --> 00:34:07,670 green sea turtles don't look like they have teeth, 601 00:34:07,750 --> 00:34:08,750 and they DON'T have teeth, 602 00:34:08,830 --> 00:34:11,310 but they have these really, really strong beaks. 603 00:34:13,590 --> 00:34:15,710 With those razor-sharp beaks, 604 00:34:15,790 --> 00:34:18,070 beaks that are like underwater scythes 605 00:34:18,150 --> 00:34:20,470 that are capable of chewing through jellyfish 606 00:34:20,550 --> 00:34:22,150 and cropping seagrass, 607 00:34:22,230 --> 00:34:24,310 they start biting at the nearest, 608 00:34:24,390 --> 00:34:25,950 tenderest parts they can reach. 609 00:34:26,030 --> 00:34:27,230 That's his tail, 610 00:34:27,310 --> 00:34:28,950 the back end of his flippers, 611 00:34:29,030 --> 00:34:30,790 even his genital opening. 612 00:34:30,870 --> 00:34:32,390 It cannot be nice. 613 00:34:34,910 --> 00:34:37,030 And so, it really becomes a test of endurance. 614 00:34:37,110 --> 00:34:39,630 Can he hang on to the female long enough 615 00:34:39,710 --> 00:34:41,950 to fertilize all of her eggs? 616 00:34:42,030 --> 00:34:43,830 This is no fair fight. 617 00:34:43,910 --> 00:34:44,870 These guys are 618 00:34:44,950 --> 00:34:46,310 piling on the pressure. 619 00:34:48,550 --> 00:34:49,990 We end up actually having 620 00:34:50,070 --> 00:34:51,030 this pancake effect, 621 00:34:51,110 --> 00:34:52,310 I guess you could call it, 622 00:34:52,390 --> 00:34:54,230 with the female, and then a male, 623 00:34:54,310 --> 00:34:55,470 and then maybe another male, 624 00:34:55,550 --> 00:34:56,790 and in some cases, 625 00:34:56,870 --> 00:34:57,950 a third male here. 626 00:35:01,150 --> 00:35:02,870 You get males attaching to other males, 627 00:35:02,950 --> 00:35:04,910 you get males trying to force underneath. 628 00:35:06,110 --> 00:35:07,950 The whole thing is a real, 629 00:35:08,030 --> 00:35:09,390 real mosh pit of... 630 00:35:09,470 --> 00:35:10,510 ..well, sex. 631 00:35:11,430 --> 00:35:12,870 The sex-obsessed males 632 00:35:12,950 --> 00:35:14,030 aren't concerned that, 633 00:35:14,110 --> 00:35:15,470 at the bottom of this melee, 634 00:35:15,550 --> 00:35:16,910 the female is in trouble. 635 00:35:18,110 --> 00:35:19,590 She needs to get to the surface 636 00:35:19,670 --> 00:35:21,310 to breathe. 637 00:35:21,390 --> 00:35:22,350 Green sea turtles 638 00:35:22,430 --> 00:35:23,390 can remain underwater 639 00:35:23,470 --> 00:35:24,870 for about four hours. 640 00:35:24,950 --> 00:35:26,230 That's if they're just, 641 00:35:26,310 --> 00:35:27,710 you know, relaxed, 642 00:35:27,790 --> 00:35:29,310 swimming gracefully, 643 00:35:29,390 --> 00:35:30,950 nothing is going wrong. 644 00:35:31,030 --> 00:35:32,270 But if you have this, like, 645 00:35:32,350 --> 00:35:33,910 brawl of male sea turtles 646 00:35:33,990 --> 00:35:35,190 all on top of her back, 647 00:35:35,270 --> 00:35:36,790 she needs air a lot more frequently 648 00:35:36,870 --> 00:35:38,110 than four hours at a time. 649 00:35:40,350 --> 00:35:41,870 Sometimes this... 650 00:35:41,950 --> 00:35:43,310 ..pile of love, 651 00:35:43,390 --> 00:35:45,270 and goodness, and amour, 652 00:35:45,350 --> 00:35:47,110 can end badly, 653 00:35:47,190 --> 00:35:49,030 and a female can be so mobbed 654 00:35:49,110 --> 00:35:50,430 by potential suitors 655 00:35:50,510 --> 00:35:52,030 that she'll actually drown. 656 00:35:53,750 --> 00:35:55,110 Desperate for a breath, 657 00:35:55,190 --> 00:35:56,470 she turns and flips 658 00:35:56,550 --> 00:35:58,270 to shake off her extra admirers. 659 00:36:00,190 --> 00:36:01,670 The physicality of it all 660 00:36:01,750 --> 00:36:03,550 becomes such an exhausting effort 661 00:36:03,630 --> 00:36:04,830 for not only the males, 662 00:36:04,910 --> 00:36:06,310 but the female to endure. 663 00:36:07,510 --> 00:36:08,790 And so it's a really, really 664 00:36:08,870 --> 00:36:09,950 physical process, 665 00:36:10,030 --> 00:36:11,790 a very tough process. 666 00:36:11,870 --> 00:36:13,670 And a very brutal fight. 667 00:36:16,870 --> 00:36:18,830 This time, she's strong enough 668 00:36:18,910 --> 00:36:20,070 to get to the surface. 669 00:36:21,150 --> 00:36:22,510 And he's strong enough 670 00:36:22,590 --> 00:36:24,070 to hang on to his spot. 671 00:36:25,310 --> 00:36:27,430 If that one first male holds on, 672 00:36:27,510 --> 00:36:29,390 he endures the beating of a lifetime, 673 00:36:29,470 --> 00:36:32,270 his sperm fertilizes the female's eggs. 674 00:36:32,350 --> 00:36:34,190 And then it all repeats in a few years. 675 00:36:39,910 --> 00:36:42,230 Whether it's a deep-water melee, 676 00:36:42,310 --> 00:36:44,510 a high-altitude cage match, 677 00:36:44,590 --> 00:36:46,630 or a street fight between thugs... 678 00:36:46,710 --> 00:36:47,750 (HISSING) 679 00:36:47,830 --> 00:36:49,710 ..diverse arenas sculpt the weapons 680 00:36:49,790 --> 00:36:51,270 and tactics of combat. 681 00:36:52,470 --> 00:36:54,190 Winners will pass on their genes 682 00:36:54,270 --> 00:36:56,070 to a new generation... 683 00:36:56,150 --> 00:36:57,350 ..in the battlefields 684 00:36:57,430 --> 00:36:58,670 of Southeast Asia. 685 00:36:58,750 --> 00:37:04,070 AccessibleCustomerService@sky.uk