1 00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:14,520 [RADIO] This is Radio Rome. 2 00:00:14,520 --> 00:00:16,760 And now the news. 3 00:00:16,760 --> 00:00:19,350 The High Command of the German Armed Forces 4 00:00:19,411 --> 00:00:21,760 has issued the following communique. 5 00:00:21,960 --> 00:00:26,320 At the Cassino Front, the German Tank Core victoriously counter attacked 6 00:00:26,320 --> 00:00:30,640 futile attempts by the enemy to break the line of defence. 7 00:00:30,640 --> 00:00:35,360 The enemy is now using Negro troops and other armed coloured people 8 00:00:35,360 --> 00:00:37,880 in their vain attempts to advance. 9 00:00:37,880 --> 00:00:39,760 End of communique. 10 00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:43,760 From neutral, Stockholm and Lisbon sources 11 00:00:43,760 --> 00:00:49,400 it has been learned that the Allies are becoming increasingly divided. 12 00:00:49,400 --> 00:00:52,520 The Americans have accused the English of starving Europe. 13 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:56,120 And Churchill has been accused by British leaders as becoming 14 00:00:56,120 --> 00:00:59,800 a slave of Wall Street and Jewish financial interests. 15 00:00:59,800 --> 00:01:03,760 We inform our listeners that the curfew falls at 19 hours. 16 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:08,360 And beginning tomorrow the daily bread rations will be cut 17 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:11,400 from 150 grams to 100 grams per person. 18 00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:14,440 Milk will be available... 19 00:01:20,680 --> 00:01:24,280 [THE MARCHING OF TROOPS] 20 00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:38,520 Ah, va fan... 21 00:03:42,880 --> 00:03:45,840 Here is where you should start feeling fear. 22 00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:49,600 No matter how carefully you cut the dust away, inevitably you 23 00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:54,240 remove some of the painting with it, destroyed by the edge of your knife. 24 00:03:54,240 --> 00:04:00,120 And the loss of even the most infinitesimal part of a true work of art must make you panic. 25 00:04:00,120 --> 00:04:02,440 So, tremble as much as you like, 26 00:04:02,440 --> 00:04:06,960 but when you are ready cut decisively, sure of every stroke. 27 00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:40,560 The Father General is here with the gentlemen. 28 00:04:56,760 --> 00:05:00,600 Good morning. Good morning, Father Antonelli. Morning. 29 00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:16,120 Father Antonelli, there seems to have been a regrettable misunderstanding. 30 00:05:16,120 --> 00:05:19,160 - Our friends... - May I? My dear Professor. 31 00:05:19,160 --> 00:05:22,360 Weren't you responsible for the work on Masaccio's crucifixion 32 00:05:22,360 --> 00:05:25,080 which was restored here at the Institute last year? 33 00:05:25,080 --> 00:05:27,160 - Two years ago. - Two years ago. 34 00:05:27,160 --> 00:05:30,920 It was displayed last month at the Staatliche Museum in Berlin. 35 00:05:30,920 --> 00:05:34,680 Oh, I didn't know. Unfortunately something rather disagreeable has occurred. 36 00:05:34,680 --> 00:05:37,840 One of our experts, one of the very best men we have in Germany seems 37 00:05:37,840 --> 00:05:41,080 to be on the opinion you understand, that it was, er... 38 00:05:41,980 --> 00:05:46,420 - Fake. - Strange. 39 00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:50,560 A very good one to be sure but of slightly more recent vintage. 40 00:05:50,560 --> 00:05:52,440 The panel itself is 15th Century, 41 00:05:52,440 --> 00:05:56,480 early 15th Century according to the experts when Masaccio was in Florence. 42 00:05:56,480 --> 00:06:00,440 But chromatographic analysis of the paint has revealed that this Masaccio 43 00:06:00,440 --> 00:06:03,360 was painted a little less than two years ago. 44 00:06:03,360 --> 00:06:05,920 Father Antonelli, do you paint? 45 00:06:07,440 --> 00:06:09,800 May I know the name of this expert? 46 00:06:09,800 --> 00:06:12,400 Seiglau Stuttgart, you know him of course. 47 00:06:12,400 --> 00:06:16,280 Only by name. One of the greatest art forgers in Europe. 48 00:06:16,280 --> 00:06:20,480 Then we may safely assume that he is an authority on the subject. 49 00:06:20,480 --> 00:06:23,720 My business is restoring works of art. 50 00:06:23,720 --> 00:06:28,080 It wouldn't be the first time I have heard of an original denounced 51 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:31,120 as a forgery, or a forgery taken for an original. 52 00:06:31,120 --> 00:06:36,640 Let us simply say an error was made on the part of whoever sent the painting. 53 00:06:36,640 --> 00:06:40,040 He mistook the copy for the original. I sent the painting. 54 00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:44,680 I packed it myself when I was ordered to ship it to Germany. 55 00:06:46,920 --> 00:06:50,600 Then nothing would be easier than for you to prove it's authenticity or not. 56 00:06:50,600 --> 00:06:52,400 I fervently hope so. 57 00:06:52,400 --> 00:06:55,200 And the people of Germany have taken Masaccio to their heart. 58 00:06:55,200 --> 00:06:59,160 It would be cruel to disillusion them, would it not, Father? 59 00:06:59,160 --> 00:07:02,000 Of course. You will, erm, 60 00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:06,000 you will look into it immediately, will you not, Father? 61 00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:09,680 It was a mistake. Yes. And every man is entitled to a mistake. 62 00:07:09,680 --> 00:07:13,160 - One mistake. - I shall do everything possible. 63 00:07:13,160 --> 00:07:15,200 The impossible too let us hope. 64 00:07:15,200 --> 00:07:18,800 The church has always thrived on doing the impossible. 65 00:07:44,120 --> 00:07:46,920 You know who they are, Father, don't you? 66 00:07:46,920 --> 00:07:48,360 [LOUD EXPLOSION] 67 00:07:55,680 --> 00:07:59,080 [A BABY WAILS] 68 00:08:16,720 --> 00:08:20,960 On the 17th of March you went to a hiding place near the Risorgimento bridge to remove 69 00:08:20,960 --> 00:08:24,240 a wireless transmitter which you use for contacting the Headquarters 70 00:08:24,240 --> 00:08:29,560 of the American 5th Army and the Partisan movement in the state of Lazio. 71 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:32,320 Nothing to say? 72 00:08:33,840 --> 00:08:35,760 What would you do in my place? 73 00:08:40,560 --> 00:08:42,360 What would you do in mine? 74 00:08:43,920 --> 00:08:47,160 - I'd have you shot. - Not before I'd talked. 75 00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:49,200 I didn't think of that. 76 00:08:49,200 --> 00:08:51,520 But then I'm not a policeman. 77 00:08:56,040 --> 00:08:57,920 [SOFT-SPOKEN] You're wanted at Headquarters. 78 00:08:57,920 --> 00:08:59,960 Carry on, Schutz. 79 00:09:02,520 --> 00:09:04,920 [PHONE RINGS] 80 00:09:04,920 --> 00:09:07,720 Hello. Yes. 81 00:09:07,720 --> 00:09:10,520 Yes, Father. Father Pancrazio. 82 00:09:10,520 --> 00:09:12,040 Good evening, Father General. 83 00:09:12,040 --> 00:09:14,760 You can be sure he wants to talk about the Florentine arts. 84 00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:17,960 We simply cannot stand in their way. 85 00:09:17,960 --> 00:09:22,320 You must also realise that Colonel Kappler went to you today prepared to do his best. 86 00:09:22,320 --> 00:09:25,760 If he has to come back tomorrow, you can rely upon him to do his worst. 87 00:09:25,760 --> 00:09:27,880 They will take away everything. 88 00:09:27,880 --> 00:09:32,400 Down to the very last painting and the very last restorer, including yourself. 89 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:34,920 Oh, I understand the situation perfectly. 90 00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:41,320 We sit here like sheep watching Rome being plundered in a way that would put the Vandals shame. 91 00:09:42,840 --> 00:09:45,440 I know, my son, I know. 92 00:09:45,440 --> 00:09:48,480 But you are aware of the mission the Holy Father has given me. 93 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:50,800 It is one of extreme delicacy. 94 00:09:50,800 --> 00:09:56,560 Negotiations with the Germans at the highest level for the safeguarding of all Rome. 95 00:09:56,560 --> 00:10:00,160 I am asking you to choose the lesser of two evils. 96 00:10:00,160 --> 00:10:02,560 Are you asking me, or is this an order? 97 00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:04,960 An order, Father Antonelli. 98 00:10:04,960 --> 00:10:06,480 An order. 99 00:10:08,680 --> 00:10:12,040 I thank you, my son. May Jesus Christ be praised. 100 00:10:12,040 --> 00:10:14,000 May He be praised forever. 101 00:10:16,440 --> 00:10:20,480 What would you do? Should we barricade ourselves 102 00:10:20,480 --> 00:10:24,440 inside the institute and say, "Come, get it if you have the courage." 103 00:10:24,440 --> 00:10:28,200 If everybody were ready to resist that way, I'd say yes. 104 00:10:28,200 --> 00:10:31,160 The trouble is the people are exhausted and disillusioned. 105 00:10:31,160 --> 00:10:33,280 Then we'll put up passive resistance. 106 00:10:33,280 --> 00:10:36,200 No. I think it's about time Italians find themselves 107 00:10:36,200 --> 00:10:39,440 some national conscience after 20 years of dictatorship. 108 00:10:42,840 --> 00:10:44,520 Kappler, good of you to come. 109 00:10:44,520 --> 00:10:46,400 You sent for me, General. 110 00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:51,280 The Duce's new Minister for the Interior, His Excellency, er... 111 00:10:51,280 --> 00:10:53,000 Guido Buffarini-Guidi. 112 00:10:53,000 --> 00:10:56,600 The Duce says that he's the most hated man in Italy. 113 00:10:56,600 --> 00:10:58,440 Hated and feared. 114 00:10:58,440 --> 00:11:02,480 And as we say in Italy, the Duce's always right. 115 00:11:02,480 --> 00:11:06,960 In that event Your Excellency, I'm glad to hear we're not the only ones the Italians hate. 116 00:11:08,480 --> 00:11:11,920 Ah, Police Chief Caruso, good of you to come. 117 00:11:11,920 --> 00:11:16,720 Kappler, His Excellency is most unhappy because of the difficulties 118 00:11:16,720 --> 00:11:20,840 you have raised about the celebrations for tomorrow, the... 119 00:11:20,840 --> 00:11:24,880 The 25th anniversary of the founding of the Fascist party. 120 00:11:24,880 --> 00:11:27,600 On the contrary, I've raised no difficulties whatsoever. 121 00:11:27,600 --> 00:11:33,040 Providing that the festivities were held behind 122 00:11:34,560 --> 00:11:36,800 - closed doors. - Which means YOU have 123 00:11:36,800 --> 00:11:41,840 prevented the members of our new Fascist Republican party from parading through Rome. 124 00:11:41,840 --> 00:11:43,360 I did nothing of the sort. 125 00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:47,280 I simply pointed out to the Head of your party that this seemed hardly the time 126 00:11:47,280 --> 00:11:51,840 to provoke the citizens of Rome with a demonstration which they would find unpopular to say the least. 127 00:11:51,840 --> 00:11:53,720 Such talk is inadmissible, Colonel. 128 00:11:53,720 --> 00:11:56,400 All Colonel Kappler meant is he doesn't consider 129 00:11:56,400 --> 00:12:00,320 that a public demonstration in Rome could come of without incidents. 130 00:12:00,320 --> 00:12:03,520 Our men will safeguard law and order. 131 00:12:03,520 --> 00:12:05,640 Then who would be left to do the parading. 132 00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:10,440 Would your Excellency be kind enough to listen to a list of raids and sabotage acts committed in 133 00:12:10,440 --> 00:12:14,040 the last 10 days against the German Armed Forces and our fascist allies? 134 00:12:14,040 --> 00:12:16,560 We're aware there are some criminal elements. 135 00:12:16,560 --> 00:12:19,840 Yes, yes. They're ingenious, audacious and well organised, 136 00:12:19,840 --> 00:12:21,600 and they have a strategy, we know. 137 00:12:21,600 --> 00:12:23,160 What strategy? 138 00:12:23,160 --> 00:12:25,120 Block our supply lines. 139 00:12:25,120 --> 00:12:29,000 Turn Rome into hostile territory and make us withdraw. Communists. 140 00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:34,280 Communists, Socialists, Anarchists, Christian Democrats, Liberals and Monarchists. 141 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:36,480 Monarchists? 142 00:12:36,480 --> 00:12:39,520 Monarchy is dead. The King went out with the traitors. 143 00:12:39,520 --> 00:12:43,160 They will not dare attack a military formation. 144 00:12:43,160 --> 00:12:45,480 Besides they are divided gangs. 145 00:12:45,480 --> 00:12:48,600 Colonel Dollmann and I have good reason to believe the contrary. 146 00:12:48,600 --> 00:12:51,640 There exists a military council with representatives 147 00:12:51,640 --> 00:12:54,680 from every political party with the exception of yours, of course. 148 00:12:54,680 --> 00:12:58,960 We're talking about a parade, Your Excellency, there are no military formations in Rome. 149 00:12:58,960 --> 00:13:00,640 Rome is politically neutral. 150 00:13:00,640 --> 00:13:03,800 Rome is swarming with German troops. 151 00:13:03,800 --> 00:13:08,200 Tanks and whole divisions pass under the Pope's window every day on the way to the front. 152 00:13:08,200 --> 00:13:10,560 You call that a neutral city? 153 00:13:10,560 --> 00:13:12,280 I do not call it so. 154 00:13:12,280 --> 00:13:14,560 Our leaders do and so does your Pope. 155 00:13:14,560 --> 00:13:17,800 Therefore, Rome is politically neutral. 156 00:13:19,320 --> 00:13:23,320 Besides there have been no troop movements through Rome for nearly a week. 157 00:13:23,320 --> 00:13:31,360 A column of SS Troops has marched past my hotel every day for the past five days. Who are they Kappler? 158 00:13:33,040 --> 00:13:37,560 11th Company SS Bolzen Police, sent here from the Tyrol recently. 159 00:13:37,560 --> 00:13:41,840 Local security is considered by all, including His Holiness to be inadequate. 160 00:13:41,840 --> 00:13:45,840 I have ordered the 11th Company to march through the centre of Rome every day as... 161 00:13:45,840 --> 00:13:49,280 for psychological reasons. But that will be cancelled for tomorrow. 162 00:13:49,280 --> 00:13:55,080 To march through the city on the day of Fascism's glorious anniversary would be useless provocation. 163 00:13:55,080 --> 00:13:57,560 No-one would dare attack German troops. 164 00:13:57,560 --> 00:14:00,120 General, I'm forced to insist. 165 00:14:00,120 --> 00:14:03,160 Are you in charge or is this Colonel? 166 00:14:03,160 --> 00:14:06,960 I am in charge. Commandant of Rome. 167 00:14:06,960 --> 00:14:10,120 And where will be no parade tomorrow. Cancel, finished. 168 00:14:10,120 --> 00:14:13,640 Celebrate whatever it is you want to celebrate, but indoors! 169 00:14:18,360 --> 00:14:19,440 Kappler. 170 00:14:19,440 --> 00:14:20,960 Sir. 171 00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:25,400 Now sit down. Sir. 172 00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:32,880 You don't like our allies very much, do you? 173 00:14:32,880 --> 00:14:35,960 You asking my opinion, sir? 174 00:14:35,960 --> 00:14:41,320 Politics is not strictly my field but I would say that Fascism is dead. 175 00:14:41,320 --> 00:14:47,320 It must disappear so that we can hold onto the last vestige of our prestige here in Italy. 176 00:14:47,320 --> 00:14:49,800 This means the elimination of Mussolini. 177 00:14:49,800 --> 00:14:54,240 And if I were ordered to do so, I would know exactly how to go about it. 178 00:14:54,240 --> 00:14:55,880 You say this. 179 00:14:55,880 --> 00:14:57,800 You organised his rescue. 180 00:14:57,800 --> 00:15:01,160 Our opinions, General, are rarely heard. 181 00:15:01,160 --> 00:15:03,160 More often, we do as we are told. 182 00:15:03,160 --> 00:15:05,640 Yes. You will do as you are told. 183 00:15:07,560 --> 00:15:12,840 The Fascist parade is cancelled, but our SS column continues to patrol. 184 00:15:12,840 --> 00:15:14,880 They are fully armed, I presume. 185 00:15:14,880 --> 00:15:17,560 My boys can take care of themselves. 186 00:15:17,560 --> 00:15:19,400 Tomorrow, they march. 187 00:15:19,400 --> 00:15:21,880 Tomorrow, sir, 188 00:15:21,880 --> 00:15:23,880 they march. 189 00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:30,240 Elena here, carrying the raincoat. Paolo here. 190 00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:34,320 The rest here, here and here. 191 00:15:34,320 --> 00:15:38,520 When you get the signal, Paolo, you light the fuse. 192 00:15:38,520 --> 00:15:44,120 Elena here, walking. You pass him the raincoat and escape here. 193 00:15:44,120 --> 00:15:46,920 We'll be there at two, like clockwork. 194 00:15:46,920 --> 00:15:51,600 Paolo, remember, you have 45 seconds to round the corner. 195 00:15:51,600 --> 00:15:54,760 The fuse burns in 50. 196 00:15:54,760 --> 00:15:59,040 You'll do it in 40...walking. 197 00:16:01,640 --> 00:16:05,160 It's been tried out a hundred times. 198 00:16:05,160 --> 00:16:07,080 Fuses don't always burn the same. 199 00:16:07,080 --> 00:16:08,640 We know that. 200 00:16:12,640 --> 00:16:14,240 Any questions? 201 00:16:26,720 --> 00:16:28,640 [RADIO] This is Radio London. 202 00:16:28,640 --> 00:16:30,320 Buona sera. 203 00:16:30,320 --> 00:16:32,200 This is Colonel Stevens. 204 00:16:32,200 --> 00:16:37,480 Today Mr Hitler ordered the occupation of Hungary, another of his former allies. 205 00:16:37,480 --> 00:16:42,320 He would of course have preferred... [ RADIO CRACKLES ] 206 00:16:42,320 --> 00:16:46,520 ...what has happened to Hungary today, happened to Italy yesterday, 207 00:16:46,520 --> 00:16:51,280 but we are confident that Italy will soon succeed in overcoming it's present difficulties. 208 00:16:51,280 --> 00:16:57,000 Act now, my Italian friends, to help yourselves and the Allies will help you. 209 00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:58,720 Good night. 210 00:16:58,720 --> 00:17:01,920 You know, Dollmann, you've ruined my appetite by repeating 211 00:17:01,920 --> 00:17:05,720 those nightly ghost stories you hear on the BBC. I'm not the only one. 212 00:17:05,720 --> 00:17:10,400 They tell me there's not a single radio silent, unless Colonel Stevens is on the air. 213 00:17:10,400 --> 00:17:13,000 The Romans love the way the English speak Italian. 214 00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:15,160 Do not delude yourself, my friend. 215 00:17:15,160 --> 00:17:17,840 I speak to Himmler every morning on the telephone. 216 00:17:17,840 --> 00:17:22,600 Berlin is being bombed every night, the Russians move west on a thousand mile front. 217 00:17:22,600 --> 00:17:25,960 Everyone expects the Allies to invade France any day now. 218 00:17:25,960 --> 00:17:28,920 The Third Reich is sinking, my dear man. 219 00:17:28,920 --> 00:17:31,160 We must be sure not to sink with it. 220 00:17:31,160 --> 00:17:33,640 Is that what you're trying to tell me, Dollmann? 221 00:17:33,640 --> 00:17:37,320 I don't need to make long distance telephone calls to know what's going on. 222 00:17:37,320 --> 00:17:39,680 I just keep my eyes open here in Rome. 223 00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:42,400 And you don't like what you see. I love Rome, Dollmann. 224 00:17:42,400 --> 00:17:47,920 I love it's light, it's burnt, decadent colours, 225 00:17:47,920 --> 00:17:50,760 it's crumbling stone. 226 00:17:50,760 --> 00:17:53,800 - In spite of the war. - Perhaps because of the war. 227 00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:55,960 We're Rome's masters, we control it. 228 00:17:58,200 --> 00:18:00,400 For the moment. 229 00:18:00,400 --> 00:18:02,240 It's getting more difficult every day. 230 00:18:02,240 --> 00:18:06,080 Yesterday our Tribunal, our War Tribunal acquitted three Italians, 231 00:18:06,080 --> 00:18:11,120 two men and a woman who, two weeks ago, would've been sentenced to death and executed. 232 00:18:11,120 --> 00:18:15,160 But those gentlemen in the Wehrmacht also listen to the BBC. 233 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:18,360 They've started reading out lists of so called war criminals. 234 00:18:18,360 --> 00:18:22,520 I suppose it must be somewhat frightening to hear one's name in that context. 235 00:18:22,520 --> 00:18:26,320 Are you frightened, Dollmann? My name hasn't been mentioned yet. 236 00:18:26,320 --> 00:18:28,640 And you, Kappler? 237 00:18:28,640 --> 00:18:31,320 I'm afraid of disorder. 238 00:18:31,320 --> 00:18:33,449 [MUSIC]: "Donizetti's" 239 00:18:34,510 --> 00:18:41,160 ♪ Una Furtiva Lacrima ♪ 240 00:19:27,920 --> 00:19:28,960 [WHIPPING NOISES] 241 00:19:28,960 --> 00:19:31,320 [MUSIC CONTINUES] 242 00:21:16,640 --> 00:21:18,960 - Giovanni. - Yes. 243 00:21:22,800 --> 00:21:27,760 I'm looking for Father Pietro Antonelli, the Director of the Institute of Restoration. That's me. 244 00:21:27,760 --> 00:21:29,400 From Colonel Kappler. 245 00:21:30,720 --> 00:21:32,400 Excuse me. 246 00:21:42,840 --> 00:21:47,840 "I understand that your Institute is short for materials that you use for restoration. 247 00:21:47,840 --> 00:21:50,080 "I have managed to find a can of turpentine. 248 00:21:50,080 --> 00:21:52,680 "They tell me it's the right quality for your work. 249 00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:56,400 "You needn't have scruples about accepting it, it isn't plunder. 250 00:21:56,400 --> 00:22:00,520 "If you have managed to find the Masaccio, you may give it to Captain Priebke. 251 00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:03,200 "Unless you would prefer to deliver it to me in person, 252 00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:06,360 which for the sake of formality would be the correct thing to do, 253 00:22:06,360 --> 00:22:08,840 apart from giving me the pleasure of seeing it. 254 00:22:24,920 --> 00:22:26,440 Have a seat, please. 255 00:22:31,280 --> 00:22:32,960 General Harster's Headquarters. 256 00:22:34,640 --> 00:22:39,400 Hello. Hello, this is SD. 257 00:22:39,400 --> 00:22:43,520 Hello? One moment please. 258 00:22:43,520 --> 00:22:46,320 [DRAMATIC MUSIC] 259 00:22:48,320 --> 00:22:50,560 [GUN CLICKS] [SOMEONE WHISTLES] 260 00:22:58,280 --> 00:22:59,520 That's your uniform. 261 00:22:59,520 --> 00:23:03,040 We better go. They're waiting for us and the Germans are never late. 262 00:23:03,040 --> 00:23:04,200 Here's the raincoat. 263 00:23:08,840 --> 00:23:11,000 [TEMPO OF MUSIC INCREASES] 264 00:24:04,840 --> 00:24:07,880 These are all the men I can spare, Caruso. 265 00:24:07,880 --> 00:24:10,880 They should help you maintain order on this happy occasion. 266 00:24:10,880 --> 00:24:13,360 Thank you, Colonel. You are a true friend of Italy. 267 00:24:13,360 --> 00:24:15,040 We're all true friends of Italy. 268 00:24:15,040 --> 00:24:21,520 We Germans, the Pope, new Fascists, the Allies and the Partisans, 269 00:24:21,520 --> 00:24:24,080 all true friends of Italy. 270 00:24:25,920 --> 00:24:27,960 Poor Italy. 271 00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:39,760 [BANGING AND FAINT SHOUTING] 272 00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:41,520 Communists. 273 00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:44,400 Italians. 274 00:24:46,240 --> 00:24:48,155 [PERSON YELLING]: Viva la liberta! 275 00:24:48,216 --> 00:24:49,580 Get his name. 276 00:25:00,400 --> 00:25:02,480 [PEOPLE CHATTER IN ITALIAN] 277 00:25:48,760 --> 00:25:50,640 I'm sorry I kept you waiting, Father. 278 00:25:50,640 --> 00:25:53,240 - Only a few minutes. - Thank you for coming. 279 00:25:53,240 --> 00:25:55,040 Thank you for the gift. 280 00:25:55,040 --> 00:25:57,920 Ah, it's Colonel Dollmann you should thank for the gift. 281 00:25:57,920 --> 00:26:01,680 He has great friends, we have great friends in the gallery of Modern Art. 282 00:26:01,680 --> 00:26:03,720 That's impossible. Oh, really. Why? 283 00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:08,480 No, I didn't... I meant that the people of the gallery told me they didn't have any left. 284 00:26:08,480 --> 00:26:12,280 Well, probably you didn't offer them anything in exchange. Mmm. 285 00:26:12,280 --> 00:26:15,640 I see you have this all wrapped up ready to be sent. 286 00:26:15,640 --> 00:26:18,000 If you'd like to check it. No, no, no. There's no need. 287 00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:22,160 I'm extremely sorry to be depriving you of it. 288 00:26:22,160 --> 00:26:25,000 I'd be extremely sorry if it were destroyed. 289 00:26:25,000 --> 00:26:26,640 Half of Europe has been destroyed. 290 00:26:26,640 --> 00:26:32,320 That's why art is the only means for real communication from one people to another. 291 00:26:32,320 --> 00:26:34,280 From one generation to another. 292 00:26:34,280 --> 00:26:36,680 Only what is beautiful can hope to save the world. 293 00:26:36,680 --> 00:26:40,120 Things that are beautiful, true and good. 294 00:26:40,120 --> 00:26:42,920 A trinity older than that of the church. 295 00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:47,440 Would you like to sit down? Thank you. 296 00:26:48,960 --> 00:26:51,360 I saw you looking at that vase when I came in. 297 00:26:51,360 --> 00:26:54,560 I found it in a bomb crater after an allied air raid. 298 00:26:54,560 --> 00:26:58,760 - So war now serves archaeology. - Yes, yes. 299 00:26:58,760 --> 00:27:01,120 Do you think it could be Etruscan? 300 00:27:01,120 --> 00:27:02,760 Perhaps. 301 00:27:02,760 --> 00:27:06,880 More likely it was brought in from Egypt by Venetian sailors. 302 00:27:06,880 --> 00:27:08,600 There are some lines from Homer, 303 00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:14,080 Ur, "Skilled silent chisellers with their craft created it. 304 00:27:14,080 --> 00:27:21,560 "Venetian sailors brought it, erm, over the, over the..." 305 00:27:21,560 --> 00:27:29,400 "Mist veiled seas to, er, display in the stalls of foreign ports." 306 00:27:29,400 --> 00:27:32,760 Right. Excellent. Very surprising that 307 00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:35,880 a priest reads Homer. I read when I have time. 308 00:27:35,880 --> 00:27:38,280 So do I. So do I. 309 00:27:38,280 --> 00:27:40,560 We have a great deal in common, Father. 310 00:27:40,560 --> 00:27:45,400 We both read Homer, we both follow the orders of our Orders. 311 00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:50,160 And, er, we both wear our uniforms honourably. 312 00:27:50,160 --> 00:27:52,160 This is not a uniform, Colonel. 313 00:27:52,160 --> 00:27:55,120 You're a soldier of the church, Father. 314 00:27:55,120 --> 00:27:57,640 Your hypothesis, I say yours, but it's shared by 315 00:27:57,640 --> 00:28:01,520 a great many other people is that the normal condition of society is peace. 316 00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:04,920 I believe that the normal condition of society is war. 317 00:28:04,920 --> 00:28:06,960 You call this slaughter normal. 318 00:28:06,960 --> 00:28:09,600 I call it the madness of wild animals. 319 00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:12,680 What would you do, if your church were attacked by wild animals? 320 00:28:12,680 --> 00:28:16,480 Defend her. You see, Father, we are very much alike. 321 00:28:16,480 --> 00:28:21,480 Great religions rise and fall because of the deeds of men like you. 322 00:28:21,480 --> 00:28:25,640 Nations and civilisations are defended by men like me. 323 00:28:25,640 --> 00:28:28,400 I'd much rather nations didn't need defending. 324 00:28:28,400 --> 00:28:31,280 And I'd much prefer a religion that didn't need priests. 325 00:28:32,800 --> 00:28:36,160 Well, I'm sorry, I have to go. 326 00:28:36,160 --> 00:28:39,720 Very good of you to come along. Can I drop you anywhere? 327 00:28:39,720 --> 00:28:41,640 Thanks, I prefer to walk. 328 00:28:41,640 --> 00:28:43,280 Yes, I understand. 329 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:46,680 It's not a good idea to be seen in the same car as me. 330 00:28:46,680 --> 00:28:50,680 We, er, we must be honest with each other, Father, whatever happens. 331 00:28:55,040 --> 00:28:57,960 Do you know what Picasso said when France surrendered? 332 00:28:57,960 --> 00:29:02,840 "The German Generals have beaten the French Generals. I am a painter. 333 00:29:02,840 --> 00:29:06,200 "If the German painters want to take me on, I'm ready for them." 334 00:29:06,200 --> 00:29:09,120 Picasso's a decadent bore. 335 00:29:09,120 --> 00:29:11,440 Do you think he would've won? He would've won. 336 00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:28,960 The Masaccio. 337 00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:32,885 Mm-hm. "We'll fatten up the priests," Hitler said years ago, 338 00:29:32,946 --> 00:29:34,940 "And they'll lead the flock." 339 00:29:36,400 --> 00:29:38,640 Won't be too easy to fatten up that priest. 340 00:29:38,640 --> 00:29:42,440 [DRAMATIC MUSIC] 341 00:29:42,440 --> 00:29:45,360 [CART RATTLES ON COBBLES] 342 00:31:31,800 --> 00:31:35,600 Hey, no parking here today. 343 00:31:35,600 --> 00:31:37,600 The Germans come by here. 344 00:32:56,960 --> 00:33:01,240 Hey. What are you doing round here? Who are you? 345 00:33:01,240 --> 00:33:03,280 What's it to you? 346 00:33:03,280 --> 00:33:05,800 This is my street. 347 00:33:05,800 --> 00:33:10,000 So you pick it up. I'm just passing through. 348 00:33:10,000 --> 00:33:14,080 - Where is Emilio? - Er, he's sick. I'm filling in. 349 00:33:14,080 --> 00:33:17,080 Sick, eh? I had lunch with him. 350 00:33:17,080 --> 00:33:18,880 What's inside there? Come on, tell me. 351 00:33:18,880 --> 00:33:21,860 Coffee? Tobacco, cigarettes? Tell me. 352 00:33:21,960 --> 00:33:24,560 You come and see me in Piazza Vittorio at four o'clock, 353 00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:26,680 I'll get you some, eh? 354 00:33:26,680 --> 00:33:28,400 I'll be there. 355 00:33:28,400 --> 00:33:31,280 Be careful, eh? 356 00:33:31,280 --> 00:33:33,280 And next time, 357 00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:35,120 wear your badge right. 358 00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:45,400 If they don't come in 15 minutes, we call it off. Pass it on. 359 00:35:13,800 --> 00:35:15,760 Look, I'm waiting for someone. 360 00:36:22,560 --> 00:36:25,840 [THUDDING OF MARCHING BOOTS] 361 00:36:29,120 --> 00:36:31,360 [ORDERS SHOUTED IN GERMAN] 362 00:36:39,720 --> 00:36:44,140 Go and play somewhere else. Look, go down there. Please go home. 363 00:36:44,360 --> 00:36:47,560 Go away, you'll get hurt. 364 00:36:47,560 --> 00:36:50,760 [BOOTS THUD] [SHOUTS ORDERS IN GERMAN] 365 00:36:56,480 --> 00:36:58,680 It's mine! Give it back. 366 00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:04,880 Come back. Come back. 367 00:37:34,760 --> 00:37:36,200 [BOMB EXPLODES] 368 00:37:40,400 --> 00:37:42,240 [LOUD GUNFIRE] 369 00:38:07,320 --> 00:38:10,320 [BANGING AND SHOOTING] 370 00:38:48,360 --> 00:38:50,040 [PHONE RINGS] 371 00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:52,800 Kappler. 372 00:39:00,440 --> 00:39:01,960 Right. 373 00:39:04,080 --> 00:39:07,040 Provocation was challenged. 374 00:39:07,040 --> 00:39:08,760 I think you better come with me. 375 00:39:08,760 --> 00:39:10,560 Where? 376 00:39:10,560 --> 00:39:13,800 Via Rasella near the Via Veneto. 377 00:39:13,800 --> 00:39:16,360 The 11th Company has apparently ceased to exist. 378 00:39:16,360 --> 00:39:19,400 [SIRENS WAIL] 379 00:39:19,400 --> 00:39:22,520 [MACHINE GUN FIRE] 380 00:39:24,520 --> 00:39:27,000 [SHOUTING IN BACKGROUND] 381 00:39:32,040 --> 00:39:34,440 [GUNFIRE RESTARTS] 382 00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:37,880 Stop firing. 383 00:39:37,880 --> 00:39:39,520 Stop firing! 384 00:39:41,880 --> 00:39:43,960 Dobrich? 385 00:39:43,960 --> 00:39:47,360 Well, Dobrich? 386 00:39:47,360 --> 00:39:49,280 Colonel, I don't know what happened. 387 00:39:49,280 --> 00:39:51,920 - It was just... I don't know. - How many civilians killed? 388 00:39:51,920 --> 00:39:54,172 None, there was no-one in the street, just us. 389 00:39:54,233 --> 00:39:56,100 All right, all right. Count our dead. 390 00:39:59,480 --> 00:40:03,320 Your men are marching men, so they marched. 391 00:40:03,320 --> 00:40:05,120 Kappler. 392 00:40:05,120 --> 00:40:07,440 Revenge, Kappler. 393 00:40:07,440 --> 00:40:09,120 Revenge for my poor boys. 394 00:40:11,560 --> 00:40:13,360 You see, Kappler. 395 00:40:13,360 --> 00:40:16,760 You see what they've done to my boys. 396 00:40:16,760 --> 00:40:21,480 Here are the beautiful results of your security, 397 00:40:21,480 --> 00:40:24,080 here in this filthy street! 398 00:40:26,040 --> 00:40:27,640 Who were they? 399 00:40:27,640 --> 00:40:29,440 British? 400 00:40:29,440 --> 00:40:32,200 - American spies? - Italians. 401 00:40:32,200 --> 00:40:33,320 Italians. 402 00:40:33,320 --> 00:40:36,080 It's impossible. 403 00:40:36,080 --> 00:40:39,800 I used to love the Italians, Kappler. 404 00:40:39,800 --> 00:40:42,280 Now I hate them! 405 00:40:42,280 --> 00:40:44,280 Dobrich! Where's Dobrich? 406 00:40:44,280 --> 00:40:45,360 Over there. 407 00:40:45,360 --> 00:40:51,360 Dobrich...mine this whole street. 408 00:40:51,360 --> 00:40:53,760 I'm going to blow up all these houses. 409 00:40:53,760 --> 00:40:57,000 - I swear it. - There are people in these houses, sir. 410 00:40:57,000 --> 00:40:58,960 You protect the murderers. 411 00:40:58,960 --> 00:41:01,680 Here, all the houses go up. 412 00:41:01,680 --> 00:41:03,200 The whole neighbourhood. 413 00:41:04,960 --> 00:41:07,800 My poor boys. 414 00:41:07,800 --> 00:41:10,720 - My poor boys. - Try and calm yourself, sir. 415 00:41:10,720 --> 00:41:14,400 It's not a question of your good name but the good name of our country. 416 00:41:14,400 --> 00:41:18,000 We are the ones who have been attacked. We have the moral advantage. 417 00:41:18,000 --> 00:41:20,480 None of that is important to me. 418 00:41:21,720 --> 00:41:24,400 Dobrich, follow my orders. 419 00:41:30,920 --> 00:41:32,520 Up. 420 00:41:32,520 --> 00:41:34,920 Hands up. 421 00:41:34,920 --> 00:41:38,160 Up, up! 422 00:41:38,160 --> 00:41:41,520 Sir. Is that what we're here for? 423 00:41:43,480 --> 00:41:46,880 You are responsible for this, Kappler. 424 00:41:46,880 --> 00:41:49,160 - You will pay for this. - Come away, sir. 425 00:41:49,160 --> 00:41:52,440 This must be reported to the High Command and only you can do that. 426 00:41:52,440 --> 00:41:55,240 Leave Colonel Kappler in control of the situation here. 427 00:41:55,240 --> 00:41:57,040 What are we to do with these people, sir? 428 00:41:58,560 --> 00:42:00,080 They will all be shot. 429 00:42:13,800 --> 00:42:16,760 Take them into custody, hold them for questioning. 430 00:42:16,760 --> 00:42:19,480 - But, the General's order, sir. - He's upset. 431 00:42:19,480 --> 00:42:21,280 I will take full responsibility. 432 00:42:21,280 --> 00:42:22,800 But... Lieutenant! 433 00:42:22,800 --> 00:42:24,600 Yes, sir. 434 00:42:26,600 --> 00:42:28,680 I admire your discretion, Kappler. 435 00:42:28,680 --> 00:42:32,640 The war may end any day now and we don't want our names on the BBC, 436 00:42:32,640 --> 00:42:34,160 do we? 437 00:42:34,160 --> 00:42:38,200 It is essential that I speak to Field Marshal Kesselring. 438 00:42:39,920 --> 00:42:41,560 What? 439 00:42:41,560 --> 00:42:43,160 An inspection at the front. 440 00:42:43,160 --> 00:42:46,280 Well, find him. I must speak to him at all costs. 441 00:42:46,280 --> 00:42:48,280 First get me General Jodl in Berlin. 442 00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:49,800 Immediately. 443 00:42:55,280 --> 00:42:57,640 - Where's Caruso? - German Headquarters. 444 00:42:57,640 --> 00:42:59,920 We must mobilise everybody down to the last man. 445 00:42:59,920 --> 00:43:01,720 We can expect anything now. 446 00:43:01,720 --> 00:43:05,000 In the meantime, we must notify Il Duce. 447 00:43:05,000 --> 00:43:07,800 Take this down... 448 00:43:07,800 --> 00:43:14,640 Today at 2.30pm a German military detachment of the SS, while proceeding up Via Rasella... 449 00:43:14,640 --> 00:43:17,720 Father, did you hear the blast? 450 00:43:17,720 --> 00:43:20,720 - Seems the partisans have attacked. - Yes, I heard it. 451 00:43:20,720 --> 00:43:25,480 The Germans are going mad, swarming around town arresting people. 452 00:43:25,480 --> 00:43:28,000 They say a lot of people were killed. 453 00:43:28,000 --> 00:43:30,160 Go lock the front door. 454 00:43:54,440 --> 00:43:57,160 We didn't want to come here, Father, but.. 455 00:43:57,160 --> 00:43:59,360 Paolo felt sick and we had to. 456 00:44:03,240 --> 00:44:06,400 But don't worry, as soon as it's dark, we'll go. 457 00:44:14,280 --> 00:44:16,040 [PHONE RINGS] 458 00:44:24,960 --> 00:44:26,480 Hello. 459 00:44:30,960 --> 00:44:32,280 Yes, I am alone. 460 00:44:32,280 --> 00:44:34,840 What is it? 461 00:44:36,000 --> 00:44:41,600 It happened nearby in Via Rasella, they say. I don't know. 462 00:44:41,600 --> 00:44:44,120 If I hear anything, I'll call you. 463 00:44:44,120 --> 00:44:47,920 May He be praised forever. 464 00:45:06,440 --> 00:45:08,360 He is roaring. 465 00:45:08,360 --> 00:45:11,200 He is roaring, roaring. 466 00:45:12,720 --> 00:45:15,920 I called Berlin, Jodl spoke to him personally. 467 00:45:15,920 --> 00:45:17,640 They're trying to get me Kesselring. 468 00:45:21,440 --> 00:45:23,880 Then get me Mackensen. 469 00:45:23,880 --> 00:45:27,520 General Mackensen, idiot. 470 00:45:27,520 --> 00:45:30,000 He wants to blow up the whole block. 471 00:45:30,000 --> 00:45:33,240 House by house. It's as I said. 472 00:45:33,240 --> 00:45:35,160 He wants 50 to 1. 473 00:45:35,160 --> 00:45:40,160 50 Italians for every 1 of our dead. He will reconsider. 474 00:45:40,160 --> 00:45:43,520 This is a political matter. 475 00:45:43,520 --> 00:45:46,600 Rome is not the Eastern Front. He will reconsider. 476 00:45:48,120 --> 00:45:53,200 Besides, this time for a change, WE are not the wild animals. 477 00:45:53,200 --> 00:45:56,020 Animals? We? [ PHONE BEEPS ] 478 00:45:56,840 --> 00:45:59,440 General Mackensen. How... 479 00:45:59,440 --> 00:46:02,480 Oh, you've heard? Yes. 480 00:46:02,480 --> 00:46:04,520 Yes, one moment, Kappler is here. 481 00:46:04,520 --> 00:46:08,880 How many dead? As of now, 28. 482 00:46:08,880 --> 00:46:11,240 28. But there will be more. 483 00:46:12,760 --> 00:46:16,800 General, I have recommended and the Fuhrer himself... 484 00:46:16,800 --> 00:46:18,880 Oh, you know. 485 00:46:18,880 --> 00:46:22,120 Excessive? But the Fuhrer... 486 00:46:23,920 --> 00:46:27,440 Reconsider? 487 00:46:27,440 --> 00:46:29,320 He wants to speak with you. 488 00:46:30,840 --> 00:46:33,600 Yes, General. 489 00:46:33,600 --> 00:46:36,760 Yes, I want to discuss the matter with General Harster. 490 00:46:36,760 --> 00:46:39,120 We agree that if reprisals were called for, 491 00:46:39,120 --> 00:46:41,680 all our male prisoners under sentence of death 492 00:46:41,680 --> 00:46:45,040 and those serving life terms would be considered candidates. 493 00:46:45,040 --> 00:46:49,200 Yes, sir, if necessary we would include all those accused of crimes 494 00:46:49,200 --> 00:46:52,760 punishable by death but not yet tried in a court. 495 00:46:52,760 --> 00:46:56,440 Yes, sir, they would be taken from our prisons here in Rome and executed. 496 00:46:57,960 --> 00:46:59,680 Very good, sir. Thank you, sir. 497 00:46:59,680 --> 00:47:02,600 I hadn't finished speaking. 498 00:47:02,600 --> 00:47:05,080 He hung up on me, sir. 499 00:47:05,080 --> 00:47:07,360 Well, what did he say? How many to one? 500 00:47:07,360 --> 00:47:11,840 He said that you would be informed when the measures to be taken had been decided on. 501 00:47:13,560 --> 00:47:15,880 I don't understand you. 502 00:47:15,880 --> 00:47:23,520 Our men are lying in that stinking street, torn apart by Italian pigs 503 00:47:23,520 --> 00:47:26,280 and you seem to want to forget about the whole affair. 504 00:47:26,280 --> 00:47:29,560 We didn't ask to come to this filthy place. 505 00:47:29,560 --> 00:47:32,800 We came to help, invited by our allies. 506 00:47:32,800 --> 00:47:34,840 You would see them go unpunished? 507 00:47:34,840 --> 00:47:39,760 The Romans must be discouraged from illegal acts but 508 00:47:39,760 --> 00:47:42,080 reprisals never stopped anyone, General. 509 00:47:42,080 --> 00:47:46,840 One of the chief causes of the First World War and made martyrs out of the Czechs at Lidice. 510 00:47:46,840 --> 00:47:48,320 Reprisals, General, 511 00:47:48,320 --> 00:47:53,920 punish nobody except the victims and their...executioners. 512 00:47:53,920 --> 00:47:58,000 So, now you're giving me history lessons. 513 00:47:58,000 --> 00:47:59,920 They will stop the Italians. 514 00:47:59,920 --> 00:48:02,000 They scare easily. 515 00:48:04,840 --> 00:48:07,840 You, you have another plan. 516 00:48:09,360 --> 00:48:11,800 Well, let's say, I have an opinion. 517 00:48:11,800 --> 00:48:13,680 To hell with your opinions. 518 00:48:13,680 --> 00:48:16,200 - You will do as I tell you. - No, sir. 519 00:48:16,200 --> 00:48:18,520 What? 520 00:48:18,520 --> 00:48:21,880 I will do what you are ordered to tell me to do. 521 00:48:54,800 --> 00:48:58,200 Field Marshal Kesselring, General Maelzer has telephoned four times. 522 00:48:58,200 --> 00:49:00,080 - He says it's urgent. - Not now. 523 00:49:07,360 --> 00:49:09,880 The congestion at the front is now at an end. 524 00:49:09,880 --> 00:49:12,280 The Americans are in a position to move north. 525 00:49:12,280 --> 00:49:16,240 I don't think we can hold out much more than a couple of months. 526 00:49:16,240 --> 00:49:19,840 We shall therefore continue to prepare our withdrawal from Rome. 527 00:49:19,840 --> 00:49:22,320 Sir, General Maelzer has rung again. 528 00:49:22,320 --> 00:49:26,920 He says that the partisans attacked a detachment of SS in the centre of the city. 529 00:49:26,920 --> 00:49:29,880 And that there have been heavy losses. 530 00:49:29,880 --> 00:49:33,080 I see. Thank you. 531 00:49:33,080 --> 00:49:35,720 Shall I call him back? 532 00:49:35,720 --> 00:49:37,920 No, call Berlin, High Command. 533 00:49:40,840 --> 00:49:45,120 Well, Colonel, what was your impression of what we saw at the front today? 534 00:49:45,120 --> 00:49:48,760 I like the chance of playing the Americans' hand, if only for a day. 535 00:49:48,760 --> 00:49:52,840 I'd walk all over you with the arms and equipment they've got down there. General Jodl, sir. 536 00:49:55,080 --> 00:49:58,280 Kesselring speaking. 537 00:49:58,280 --> 00:49:59,920 I see. 538 00:49:59,920 --> 00:50:02,600 Yes. 539 00:50:02,600 --> 00:50:05,160 What do you expect, 30 dead? 540 00:50:05,160 --> 00:50:07,720 I lost 400 today alone. 541 00:50:09,240 --> 00:50:11,200 But Rome is the front too. 542 00:50:13,000 --> 00:50:17,120 If he's gonna stick to that decision, he must send me everything himself. 543 00:50:17,120 --> 00:50:19,760 I cannot spare one fighting man, one truck. 544 00:50:21,600 --> 00:50:23,360 Ask him to reconsider. 545 00:50:24,880 --> 00:50:27,370 Yes, that is my answer. I await yours. 546 00:50:29,531 --> 00:50:30,395 [RADIO]: In Rome, 547 00:50:30,456 --> 00:50:35,200 the 25th anniversary of the founding of fascism was gloriously 548 00:50:35,200 --> 00:50:40,280 commemorated by imposing ceremonies at the Ministry of Corporations. 549 00:50:40,280 --> 00:50:43,960 The event organised by the Fascist Republican Party, 550 00:50:43,960 --> 00:50:46,120 has as it's guest speaker, 551 00:50:46,120 --> 00:50:50,160 the great blind poet and hero of the Albanian war. 552 00:50:50,160 --> 00:50:53,280 Carlo Borsani, now Under Secretary. 553 00:50:53,280 --> 00:50:57,480 Borsani recalling the historic events of March 23rd, Fascism's 554 00:50:57,480 --> 00:51:02,160 most sacred day, said that the glorious Fascist experience... 555 00:51:02,160 --> 00:51:05,080 Just isn't possible. Not one word. 556 00:51:05,080 --> 00:51:09,760 ..that in their misfortunes they don't despair. 557 00:51:09,760 --> 00:51:13,040 I thought a nice bowl of hot soup. 558 00:51:13,040 --> 00:51:15,760 - Thank you, Giovanni. - But no bread. 559 00:51:15,760 --> 00:51:20,200 Doesn't matter. There are plenty of blankets in the cupboard. 560 00:51:21,720 --> 00:51:23,880 If you don't need me for anything... 561 00:51:28,400 --> 00:51:33,480 A Vatican spokesman has disclosed that the Holy Father is enjoying perfect health. 562 00:51:33,480 --> 00:51:37,320 He suffers only from the anguish brought on by the war, 563 00:51:37,320 --> 00:51:41,120 with it's privation, sorrow and the destruction... 564 00:51:41,120 --> 00:51:43,920 Father, try to understand why we did it. 565 00:51:43,920 --> 00:51:45,440 I can't. 566 00:51:45,440 --> 00:51:47,560 I'm sorry but I can't. 567 00:51:47,560 --> 00:51:52,000 ..German assault operation. At Anzio enemy losses were 568 00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:56,760 reported to be much more severe than those of the German Armed Forces. 569 00:51:56,760 --> 00:52:04,400 Reports from Tokyo disclose that Japanese Forces are advancing victoriously in Indian territory... 570 00:52:04,400 --> 00:52:06,160 Nobody's mentioned it yet. 571 00:52:06,160 --> 00:52:07,840 We wait for the BBC. 572 00:52:07,840 --> 00:52:10,440 I wonder what the Allies will make of it. 573 00:52:10,440 --> 00:52:12,200 Also, our king. 574 00:52:12,200 --> 00:52:15,520 This committee is operating under Allied directives. 575 00:52:17,040 --> 00:52:21,360 Our king thinks we ought to sit tight and wait for his return. 576 00:52:21,360 --> 00:52:24,320 But you know the Hague Convention provides for reprisals. 577 00:52:24,320 --> 00:52:25,880 Listen, Andrea, 578 00:52:25,880 --> 00:52:28,600 a state of war exists between Italy and Germany. 579 00:52:28,600 --> 00:52:32,000 We attacked an enemy formation, full battle dress 580 00:52:32,000 --> 00:52:35,720 in broad daylight, on our own territory. 581 00:52:35,720 --> 00:52:38,400 I'd like to know what the Germans are thinking. 582 00:52:38,400 --> 00:52:41,160 If they follow the rules of the Hague Convention, 583 00:52:41,160 --> 00:52:44,640 they'll say that if the people responsible don't come forward, 584 00:52:44,640 --> 00:52:46,160 they'll execute hostages. 585 00:52:46,160 --> 00:52:50,000 Even two or three times the number of German soldiers killed. 586 00:52:50,000 --> 00:52:53,200 They wouldn't risk it. They know Rome would explode. 587 00:52:53,200 --> 00:52:55,760 Let's get one thing straight. 588 00:52:55,760 --> 00:52:59,440 Whatever happens, none of our men comes forward. 589 00:52:59,440 --> 00:53:01,400 - No-one. - But innocent people... 590 00:53:01,400 --> 00:53:06,480 Innocent people were living in worse in Rotterdam, in London, in Leningrad. 591 00:53:06,480 --> 00:53:11,480 And innocent people, millions of Jews are being exterminated in the gas chambers. 592 00:53:11,480 --> 00:53:15,960 Do you seriously believe that Rome alone is immune, because of the Pope? 593 00:53:17,480 --> 00:53:20,080 I won't accept that. 594 00:53:20,080 --> 00:53:22,800 And neither will millions of other Italians. 595 00:53:24,840 --> 00:53:29,960 You say that Germans will take reprisals, shoot hostages. 596 00:53:29,960 --> 00:53:31,960 Let them try. 597 00:53:31,960 --> 00:53:34,632 We'll make the whole of Rome rise against them. 598 00:53:34,693 --> 00:53:35,760 He's right. 599 00:53:37,440 --> 00:53:39,000 I have children, 600 00:53:40,520 --> 00:53:43,560 one day I want them to say, 601 00:53:43,560 --> 00:53:46,520 "My father chose to drown in blood 602 00:53:46,520 --> 00:53:48,920 "rather than live in shit." 603 00:53:48,920 --> 00:53:52,520 I know you've been calling for hours, General Maelzer, 604 00:53:52,520 --> 00:53:55,960 but please try to calm yourself. 605 00:53:55,960 --> 00:53:58,520 I understand how you feel. 606 00:53:58,520 --> 00:54:01,680 Perhaps you've lost the habit of seeing blood. 607 00:54:01,680 --> 00:54:07,360 From now on, we must all get used to the idea that the partisans are an army too. 608 00:54:07,360 --> 00:54:10,080 Now listen carefully, 609 00:54:10,080 --> 00:54:12,960 I've spoken to Berlin several times. 610 00:54:12,960 --> 00:54:16,640 The matter has been thought out more carefully. 611 00:54:16,640 --> 00:54:20,000 Your orders have been dispatched to you by teletype. 612 00:54:20,000 --> 00:54:22,520 They are to be carried out accordingly. 613 00:54:45,800 --> 00:54:49,560 These are not my orders, gentlemen. 614 00:54:49,560 --> 00:54:54,240 Not the Chief of Staff's and not from the High Commander. 615 00:54:54,240 --> 00:54:56,800 What I have here, my friends, 616 00:54:56,800 --> 00:54:59,320 is an order from the Fuhrer himself. 617 00:55:01,080 --> 00:55:04,400 The Fuhrer has reconsidered, Kappler. 618 00:55:05,920 --> 00:55:10,600 Field Marshal Kesselring argued the case that the measures proposed were excessive. 619 00:55:10,600 --> 00:55:14,160 I think we can all be proud that the Field Marshal succeeded 620 00:55:14,160 --> 00:55:19,440 in making an honest and generous effort to exercise humanity. 621 00:55:19,440 --> 00:55:23,520 50 to 1 is hardly the same as 10 to 1. 622 00:55:23,520 --> 00:55:30,360 It is the Fuhrer's expressed wish that the entire operation is completed in 24 hours. 623 00:55:30,360 --> 00:55:32,840 The official order was despatched at 1910. 624 00:55:32,840 --> 00:55:36,240 It is now a few minutes to midnight. That means we have... 625 00:55:36,240 --> 00:55:38,840 19 hours and 10 minutes, sir. May I see that teletype? 626 00:55:41,240 --> 00:55:43,520 32 of our men are dead. 627 00:55:43,520 --> 00:55:46,440 That means 320 Italians. 628 00:55:46,440 --> 00:55:48,520 Kappler, you will make up the list. 629 00:55:48,520 --> 00:55:53,480 This order, sir, calls for those condemned to death and those accused of serious crimes, 630 00:55:53,480 --> 00:55:57,320 we may not hold enough prisoners sufficient to complete the quota. 631 00:55:57,320 --> 00:55:58,960 I'll leave that for you to resolve. 632 00:55:58,960 --> 00:56:01,080 You're the best judge. Caruso will help you. 633 00:56:01,080 --> 00:56:03,600 Caruso, you will furnish Kappler with 80 names. 634 00:56:03,600 --> 00:56:06,040 More, if he needs them. 80? 635 00:56:06,040 --> 00:56:07,800 General, that's impossible. 636 00:56:07,800 --> 00:56:09,560 We have only a few. 637 00:56:09,560 --> 00:56:12,480 10, 12. 638 00:56:12,480 --> 00:56:14,800 We have no way of... All right. 639 00:56:14,800 --> 00:56:17,160 Make it 50, for now. 640 00:56:17,160 --> 00:56:20,120 But, General, we need... 641 00:56:21,840 --> 00:56:25,320 Could we have an official letter for the 50 names? 642 00:56:25,320 --> 00:56:26,960 Coordinate that with Kappler. 643 00:56:31,640 --> 00:56:34,022 Schutz, How many men in the Via Tasso. 644 00:56:34,083 --> 00:56:36,520 Sentenced to death? - Three, sir. - Who? 645 00:56:36,520 --> 00:56:38,840 A communist, a spy and a saboteur. 646 00:56:38,840 --> 00:56:40,880 How many in the Regina Coeli prison? 647 00:56:40,880 --> 00:56:43,080 - None, sir. - Life sentences? 648 00:56:43,080 --> 00:56:44,400 - None, sir. - Any kind of sentence? 649 00:56:44,400 --> 00:56:46,480 We have several with terms ranging from... 650 00:56:46,541 --> 00:56:48,208 Several? Now what do you mean by several? 651 00:56:48,269 --> 00:56:50,460 - 16, sir. - 16. 652 00:56:50,760 --> 00:56:53,480 3 and 16. 653 00:56:53,480 --> 00:56:59,000 We have 3 men sentenced to death and they want 320. It's impossible. 654 00:56:59,000 --> 00:57:00,640 - Priebke? - Sir? 655 00:57:00,640 --> 00:57:04,960 Contact the President of the Military Tribunal. Wake him if you have to. 656 00:57:04,960 --> 00:57:07,920 I want written authorisation for the 3 and the 16. 657 00:57:07,920 --> 00:57:10,494 Yes, sir. I want permission in writing to include 658 00:57:10,555 --> 00:57:13,180 all those awaiting sentence for serious offences. 659 00:57:16,320 --> 00:57:18,560 Get me General Harster in Verona. 660 00:57:20,840 --> 00:57:22,040 Yes. 661 00:57:22,040 --> 00:57:24,320 Domizlaf, get over to Caruso. 662 00:57:24,320 --> 00:57:26,946 I want the names of those arrested in the Via Rasella 663 00:57:27,007 --> 00:57:28,600 and everything known about them. 664 00:57:28,600 --> 00:57:30,840 I'll join you after I talk to General Harster. 665 00:57:30,901 --> 00:57:33,040 - Harster? - Yes, yes, he can help us. 666 00:57:33,040 --> 00:57:36,840 He has jurisdiction over a category I totally overlooked. All right. 667 00:57:36,840 --> 00:57:38,320 Right away, Colonel. 668 00:57:39,920 --> 00:57:43,520 Yes, it would be easier to show their guilt. 669 00:57:47,120 --> 00:57:50,000 [PHONE RINGS] 670 00:57:51,480 --> 00:57:54,280 General Harster? Kappler here, sir. Kappler in Rome. 671 00:57:56,960 --> 00:57:59,560 Yes, I heard. 672 00:57:59,560 --> 00:58:01,560 Look, Kappler, what do you want me to do? 673 00:58:01,560 --> 00:58:03,800 The important thing is to complete the list. 674 00:58:03,800 --> 00:58:06,440 If you can't reach the right figure, take Jews. 675 00:58:06,440 --> 00:58:09,120 Then I have your absolute authorisation, sir. 676 00:58:09,120 --> 00:58:12,960 Thank you. Goodnight, sir. Schutz. 677 00:58:12,960 --> 00:58:15,200 Count the Jews, I make it 57. 678 00:58:15,200 --> 00:58:16,720 Sir. 679 00:58:20,000 --> 00:58:21,320 57, sir. 680 00:58:21,320 --> 00:58:24,264 We have another 8 at Regina Coeli being held for other reasons. 681 00:58:24,325 --> 00:58:25,920 Anti-fascism and political crimes, I think. 682 00:58:25,920 --> 00:58:27,760 - Add them to the list. - Right, sir. 683 00:58:27,760 --> 00:58:29,520 57. 684 00:58:29,520 --> 00:58:33,400 65... 71. 685 00:58:33,400 --> 00:58:35,240 85 plus... 686 00:58:35,240 --> 00:58:42,000 135 leaving us 185 to go. Yes? 687 00:58:42,000 --> 00:58:45,560 I telephoned, sir. We have full authorisation from the President. 688 00:58:45,560 --> 00:58:49,400 Hear that, Schutz. He refuses to accept responsibility for those awaiting trial. 689 00:58:49,400 --> 00:58:52,240 How can I believe that? We need permission from the Chief Justice. 690 00:58:52,240 --> 00:58:55,640 So I telephoned the Chief Justice... And? Permission granted, sir. 691 00:58:55,640 --> 00:58:58,440 - Good. Good. Get it in writing. - Sir. 692 00:58:58,440 --> 00:59:00,840 - Schutz, put these lists together. - Yes, sir. 693 00:59:02,520 --> 00:59:06,440 We shall have to go through the names very carefully. 694 00:59:06,440 --> 00:59:10,640 First I must get over to Domizlaf in Caruso's office. 695 00:59:10,640 --> 00:59:12,600 We shall need every name we can get. 696 00:59:15,320 --> 00:59:18,400 Not going to be easy, gentlemen. 697 00:59:18,400 --> 00:59:22,800 You realise, of course, the necessity for 698 00:59:22,800 --> 00:59:25,720 lightning speed and the utmost secrecy. 699 00:59:25,720 --> 00:59:27,320 Well, to tell you the truth, sir, 700 00:59:27,320 --> 00:59:30,880 the boys would rather get their hands on the people who did it. 701 00:59:30,880 --> 00:59:34,760 It's nothing to do with us but there are security aspects involved 702 00:59:34,760 --> 00:59:37,840 and we must examine them with the utmost attention. 703 00:59:39,360 --> 00:59:43,880 Anything can happen now, with the Americans at the gates of the city, it could be total chaos. 704 00:59:47,360 --> 00:59:48,880 Could be the end. 705 00:59:51,000 --> 00:59:52,800 Could be the end of Rome. 706 00:59:54,440 --> 00:59:58,080 Don't tell me you came to see me at this hour of night 707 00:59:58,080 --> 01:00:01,520 just because Kappler covets another painting? 708 01:00:01,520 --> 01:00:06,240 No, Father, this time I have not come to take but to give. 709 01:00:06,240 --> 01:00:10,480 I came at this hour in the hope of keeping this particular meeting secret. 710 01:00:10,480 --> 01:00:13,320 I don't see how our meetings can be kept secret, 711 01:00:13,320 --> 01:00:16,560 the diplomatic mission the Holy Father has given me 712 01:00:16,560 --> 01:00:18,360 is virtually public knowledge. 713 01:00:18,360 --> 01:00:22,640 In any case, what I'm about to tell you will remain only between you and me. 714 01:00:22,640 --> 01:00:24,920 You heard what happened in Via Rasella? 715 01:00:24,920 --> 01:00:27,320 Of course. I have few details. 716 01:00:27,320 --> 01:00:32,040 32 German soldiers were killed. 320 Italians are to be shot in reprisal. 717 01:00:32,040 --> 01:00:34,760 The order has come down from very high. 718 01:00:36,280 --> 01:00:39,840 In my opinion we are about to commit an error which has to be avoided. 719 01:00:39,840 --> 01:00:44,440 Don't misunderstand me, the fate of 320 Italians matters little to me 720 01:00:44,440 --> 01:00:47,680 compared to the 10 or 15 million we've already lost in this war. 721 01:00:47,680 --> 01:00:50,040 But we must be prudent. 722 01:00:51,560 --> 01:00:57,120 A German reprisal will provoke public outrage and hatred of a most violent kind. 723 01:00:57,120 --> 01:01:00,160 Need I tell you that Rome is a time bomb. 724 01:01:00,160 --> 01:01:03,800 And the partisan movement is only waiting for a moment to unite the resistance. 725 01:01:03,800 --> 01:01:06,560 You said you came here to give. 726 01:01:06,560 --> 01:01:08,120 Yes, Father. 727 01:01:10,040 --> 01:01:14,320 To give you the name of the only person in the world who perhaps can avoid this reprisal. 728 01:01:17,080 --> 01:01:20,800 The Holy Father. The Holy Father. 729 01:01:25,800 --> 01:01:31,280 The complicity of at least some of the people who live in the Via Rasella goes without saying. 730 01:01:31,280 --> 01:01:35,360 The attackers could not have planned and perpetrated this outrage 731 01:01:35,360 --> 01:01:36,800 without their support. 732 01:01:36,800 --> 01:01:39,400 This is all your men managed to find, Caruso. 733 01:01:39,400 --> 01:01:42,920 We searched all the houses on the street. 734 01:01:42,920 --> 01:01:45,120 We found papers and pamphlets... 735 01:01:45,120 --> 01:01:50,440 er, in English. Yes, what else? 736 01:01:50,440 --> 01:01:52,320 How many have you arrested? 737 01:01:52,320 --> 01:01:55,840 Oh, about 10. 738 01:01:55,840 --> 01:01:59,080 Get their names. I want those on my list. 739 01:01:59,080 --> 01:02:01,640 But I wanted them for mine. They are for mine. 740 01:02:01,640 --> 01:02:04,440 You will give us 50 names by 10 o'clock in the morning. 741 01:02:04,440 --> 01:02:06,840 I need authorisation from Buffarini-Guidi. Then get it! 742 01:02:08,360 --> 01:02:10,680 Signor Colonnello, we don't have 50. 743 01:02:10,680 --> 01:02:12,600 Then give us Jews. 744 01:02:52,080 --> 01:02:54,840 [HE MUTTERS INAUDIBLY] 745 01:03:42,520 --> 01:03:44,800 Giglio 746 01:03:44,800 --> 01:03:50,040 Mass... 747 01:03:55,080 --> 01:03:56,320 Minardi... 748 01:03:56,320 --> 01:03:59,280 [TYPEWRITER CLACKS SLOWLY] 749 01:04:07,440 --> 01:04:09,120 Pilo. 750 01:04:17,440 --> 01:04:19,760 Lombardi. 751 01:04:19,760 --> 01:04:23,120 [HE MUTTERS INAUDIBLY] 752 01:04:58,160 --> 01:05:00,400 I spoke with the Duce last night. 753 01:05:00,400 --> 01:05:02,280 To be fair to you, Your Excellency. 754 01:05:02,280 --> 01:05:05,840 I think it would be best if you act on behalf of the government. 755 01:05:05,840 --> 01:05:08,080 The Duce says he wants more details. 756 01:05:08,080 --> 01:05:11,080 So, when you have finished Kappler, make me out a report. 757 01:05:11,080 --> 01:05:14,160 Kappler wants 50 names. 50. 758 01:05:14,160 --> 01:05:16,760 I don't have the authority. 759 01:05:16,760 --> 01:05:19,880 Your Excellency, what can I do? 760 01:05:19,880 --> 01:05:21,920 What can I do? 761 01:05:21,920 --> 01:05:25,000 You must give them to him otherwise who knows what will happen? 762 01:05:25,000 --> 01:05:27,480 Yes, yes. Give them to him. Give them to him. 763 01:05:27,480 --> 01:05:31,280 In that case, could you give me a written order, Your Excellency. 764 01:05:32,800 --> 01:05:35,840 Why do you think I made you Chief of Police, Caruso. 765 01:05:35,840 --> 01:05:38,200 In Tuscany we have a saying, 766 01:05:38,200 --> 01:05:41,560 if you ask for a bicycle, then you must pedal it. 767 01:05:41,560 --> 01:05:43,680 Just don't get me involved. 768 01:05:43,680 --> 01:05:45,480 I'm in it up to my neck already. 769 01:05:48,960 --> 01:05:51,640 All right. We'll give him a list. 770 01:05:51,640 --> 01:05:54,040 Anyway, we are on a list ourselves, 771 01:05:54,040 --> 01:05:56,520 are we not, Your Excellency? 772 01:05:58,480 --> 01:06:05,360 Colonel, I have double checked with Caruso's office and they say the list is still incomplete. 773 01:06:05,360 --> 01:06:07,800 Never mind Caruso for the moment. 774 01:06:09,320 --> 01:06:11,160 We have another problem. 775 01:06:11,160 --> 01:06:14,160 Burial site. 776 01:06:14,160 --> 01:06:16,640 Dobrich is in charge of the execution, but where? 777 01:06:18,160 --> 01:06:20,480 It's a security problem. 778 01:06:20,480 --> 01:06:22,560 We must find a suitable place. 779 01:06:24,120 --> 01:06:26,080 Take days to, er... 780 01:06:28,120 --> 01:06:30,720 dig a burial site, a communal grave. 781 01:06:32,880 --> 01:06:35,120 Think in terms of a... 782 01:06:35,120 --> 01:06:37,320 grotto, a large 783 01:06:37,320 --> 01:06:39,280 natural death chamber. 784 01:06:44,640 --> 01:06:46,720 Colonel, the priest is here. 785 01:06:46,720 --> 01:06:48,760 Priest? What priest? Father Antonelli. 786 01:06:48,760 --> 01:06:50,840 What's he want? He says he must speak to you. 787 01:06:50,840 --> 01:06:52,360 Where is he? 788 01:06:55,480 --> 01:06:57,840 I can only give you a few minutes, Father. 789 01:06:57,840 --> 01:07:00,560 Colonel, I came here because you have been kind to me. 790 01:07:00,560 --> 01:07:03,320 I would like to know what will happen now, innocent... 791 01:07:03,320 --> 01:07:08,080 It will be a fair reprisal, Father, carried out according to the laws of the Hague Convention. 792 01:07:08,080 --> 01:07:09,720 So war has laws too? 793 01:07:09,720 --> 01:07:12,840 Yes, and we will respect them. 794 01:07:12,840 --> 01:07:18,920 The law provides for retaliation against illegal attacks on our Armed Forces. 795 01:07:18,920 --> 01:07:21,480 They said it was an act of open warfare. 796 01:07:21,480 --> 01:07:23,640 They? Do you know them? 797 01:07:23,640 --> 01:07:26,560 How many are there? 2? 3? 5? 798 01:07:26,560 --> 01:07:29,200 - Who are they, Father? - Everybody. 799 01:07:29,200 --> 01:07:33,640 It's the only thing people are talking about all over Rome. But you haven't said anything. 800 01:07:33,640 --> 01:07:38,200 You've given a warning if the persons responsible do not come forward we shall shoot. 801 01:07:38,200 --> 01:07:39,920 They are still waiting to hear. 802 01:07:39,920 --> 01:07:41,840 They might give themselves up. 803 01:07:41,840 --> 01:07:45,960 And what would we do with a handful of assassins? That's not enough, Father. 804 01:07:45,960 --> 01:07:49,000 And you call this a reprisal. 805 01:07:49,000 --> 01:07:51,440 Did you make any effort to find the attackers? 806 01:07:51,440 --> 01:07:55,200 Did you make a public announcement warning the people of Rome 807 01:07:55,200 --> 01:07:58,960 what measures would be taken against them? You did not. 808 01:07:58,960 --> 01:08:01,080 Italy is our ally. 809 01:08:01,080 --> 01:08:03,840 Italy. But what's Italy? There are two sides now. 810 01:08:03,840 --> 01:08:05,800 And you are on the wrong side. 811 01:08:05,800 --> 01:08:09,160 No, Colonel, this is not a reprisal. 812 01:08:09,160 --> 01:08:10,800 Do not pretend to yourself. 813 01:08:10,800 --> 01:08:14,480 You are not big enough to cover crime with fancy words. 814 01:08:14,480 --> 01:08:16,440 This is human slaughter by any name. 815 01:08:16,440 --> 01:08:21,000 But you haven't even followed the most mandatory rule of war. 816 01:08:21,000 --> 01:08:23,400 It's too late, Father. 817 01:08:23,400 --> 01:08:27,120 Machinery is running by itself. Then stop the machinery. 818 01:08:27,120 --> 01:08:30,720 The machinery is what you call God, I cannot stop it any more than I can... 819 01:08:30,720 --> 01:08:33,160 than a bullet can stop being fired by a gun. 820 01:08:33,160 --> 01:08:37,320 I'm a man, alone, weighing nothing in the scale of things. 821 01:08:37,320 --> 01:08:39,080 And you cannot stop it, Father. 822 01:08:39,080 --> 01:08:40,800 That is all. 823 01:08:43,440 --> 01:08:46,160 I'll let the spin of the wheel decide. 824 01:08:46,160 --> 01:08:50,160 God doesn't spin wheels to decide the fate of man. 825 01:08:50,160 --> 01:08:52,760 Your God died 2000 years ago. 826 01:08:56,160 --> 01:09:01,560 This is the list. You have made up the list of the men who will die. 827 01:09:01,560 --> 01:09:03,280 I can only say that for... 828 01:09:04,800 --> 01:09:07,840 every name that I wrote I thought three times. 829 01:09:07,840 --> 01:09:09,400 Three times. 830 01:09:09,400 --> 01:09:11,440 Do something, Colonel. Delay. 831 01:09:11,440 --> 01:09:14,240 - Destroy it. Burn it. - Are you mad?! 832 01:09:18,480 --> 01:09:21,560 You see that, Colonel? 833 01:09:21,560 --> 01:09:24,680 The eternal symbol of renewal of hope and change. 834 01:09:24,680 --> 01:09:26,360 Many people sleep late. 835 01:09:26,360 --> 01:09:29,520 They miss the dawn, but it dawns for every man. 836 01:09:29,520 --> 01:09:33,040 Many people, Father, dream when they're awake. 837 01:09:33,040 --> 01:09:35,240 I pity you, Colonel. 838 01:09:35,240 --> 01:09:36,760 Don't pity me. 839 01:09:36,760 --> 01:09:41,120 Pity the man who has to... carry out this deed. 840 01:09:41,120 --> 01:09:46,280 I'll stop you. Father Pancrazio will speak to the Pope. We will stop you. 841 01:09:46,280 --> 01:09:49,120 The Pope is... 842 01:09:49,120 --> 01:09:52,840 very heavily burdened. Surely you don't want to add to his burden. 843 01:09:52,840 --> 01:09:58,320 His Holiness would prefer to hear about it...after. 844 01:09:58,320 --> 01:10:00,600 Father Antonelli. 845 01:10:00,600 --> 01:10:02,640 I admire you. 846 01:10:02,640 --> 01:10:05,680 Admire your mind. 847 01:10:05,680 --> 01:10:09,080 I admire your courage. 848 01:10:09,080 --> 01:10:12,360 But I detest men with illusions. 849 01:10:12,360 --> 01:10:14,320 Don't press your luck. 850 01:10:25,840 --> 01:10:28,240 [HE SIGHS] 851 01:10:35,600 --> 01:10:37,640 [HE MUTTERS ITALIAN NAMES] 852 01:10:44,440 --> 01:10:47,600 A telephone from Colonel Kappler's office, sir. 853 01:10:47,600 --> 01:10:50,000 How many names has he got? He's finished. 854 01:10:50,000 --> 01:10:52,280 - And he says we are late. - Late? 855 01:10:57,000 --> 01:11:00,360 It's easy to say late. 856 01:11:00,360 --> 01:11:04,280 He's going to say, I had only 50 names. 857 01:11:04,280 --> 01:11:07,480 But these are Italians. 858 01:11:07,480 --> 01:11:09,920 I take more care. 859 01:11:09,920 --> 01:11:12,680 I go over every name three times. 860 01:11:12,680 --> 01:11:15,440 Three. Three times! 861 01:11:15,440 --> 01:11:17,880 Where are they? 862 01:11:17,880 --> 01:11:20,160 They went away just after you left. 863 01:11:20,160 --> 01:11:23,400 They didn't leave a message? No. Do you know where Elena lives? 864 01:11:23,400 --> 01:11:25,120 Paulo? The others? 865 01:11:25,120 --> 01:11:27,480 Few people live at home these days. 866 01:11:27,480 --> 01:11:29,760 God help them. 867 01:11:29,760 --> 01:11:32,520 God help us all. 868 01:11:32,520 --> 01:11:34,800 - Where is the Father General? - He's out. 869 01:11:34,800 --> 01:11:38,520 I can see that but I want to know where. You want? 870 01:11:38,520 --> 01:11:41,640 I meant I MUST know where he is. 871 01:11:41,640 --> 01:11:44,120 It's a question of life and death. Do you understand? 872 01:11:44,120 --> 01:11:48,040 Everything is a question of life and death these days, Father Antonelli. 873 01:11:48,040 --> 01:11:53,440 Father, please listen to me. I must see the Father General at once. 874 01:11:53,440 --> 01:11:58,040 You should know by now, he sees the Holy Father every day. 875 01:11:58,040 --> 01:11:59,680 He's at the Vatican... 876 01:12:03,200 --> 01:12:06,720 Where we cannot possibly disturb him. 877 01:12:06,720 --> 01:12:10,757 [RADIO]: 'Yesterday according to the public records bureau, 878 01:12:10,818 --> 01:12:12,440 80 persons were born. 879 01:12:12,840 --> 01:12:14,920 '77 died.' [KNOCK ON DOOR] 880 01:12:16,440 --> 01:12:20,320 'The Rome stock exchange recorded minor gains yesterday...' 881 01:12:20,320 --> 01:12:22,160 Who is it? 882 01:12:22,160 --> 01:12:24,200 Aldo. 883 01:12:24,200 --> 01:12:26,280 Ciao. 884 01:12:30,200 --> 01:12:35,280 'For the benefit of our listeners, we will now read the schedule of radio programmes for today. 885 01:12:35,280 --> 01:12:38,320 'News broadcast at 5...' 886 01:12:38,320 --> 01:12:40,400 Nothing. 887 01:12:40,400 --> 01:12:43,040 Rome beat Lazio in soccer. 888 01:12:43,040 --> 01:12:46,600 There's a new Swedish film at the Barbarini. 889 01:12:46,600 --> 01:12:49,160 Nothing about Verasella. 890 01:12:49,160 --> 01:12:52,360 The radio, the newspapers, nothing. 891 01:12:52,360 --> 01:12:54,320 Like it didn't happen. 892 01:12:54,320 --> 01:12:56,200 It did happen. 893 01:12:56,200 --> 01:12:58,200 I shall never forget it. 894 01:12:59,720 --> 01:13:02,960 [RADIO]: '4.45, Melodies and Romance, 895 01:13:02,960 --> 01:13:06,920 '5.30, Invitation to the Opera. 896 01:13:06,920 --> 01:13:09,760 '8.20...' 897 01:14:08,040 --> 01:14:10,320 I know, that is why I am here. 898 01:14:10,320 --> 01:14:13,640 Try to prevent a senseless act on the part of the Germans. 899 01:14:13,640 --> 01:14:15,880 Yes, but... Listen to me. 900 01:14:15,880 --> 01:14:21,040 Together with someone of great importance, I have prepared a plan for the Holy Father to consider. 901 01:14:21,040 --> 01:14:25,120 Now be assured, he will give this matter his utmost attention. 902 01:14:25,120 --> 01:14:31,760 First, let he try to postpone the reprisals, at least for the time being. 903 01:14:31,760 --> 01:14:37,960 Secondly, a requiem mass in one of the basilicas of Rome for the dead German soldiers. 904 01:14:37,960 --> 01:14:42,160 The Holy Father might - I say might - be present. 905 01:14:42,160 --> 01:14:46,200 I have no doubt this will arouse sympathy everywhere 906 01:14:46,200 --> 01:14:49,920 and possibly soften the hearts of those Germans 907 01:14:49,920 --> 01:14:53,840 who have made this reckless decision. 908 01:14:53,840 --> 01:14:55,360 Father General. 909 01:14:57,200 --> 01:15:00,680 Meet me at the Salvatorian Mission. 910 01:15:00,680 --> 01:15:03,640 Wait there and pray. 911 01:15:03,640 --> 01:15:05,160 Pray. 912 01:15:16,520 --> 01:15:19,480 You refuse? 913 01:15:19,480 --> 01:15:21,160 You refuse?! 914 01:15:21,160 --> 01:15:24,640 My men are not trained for an operation of this kind. 915 01:15:24,640 --> 01:15:26,840 Most of them are just recruits. 916 01:15:26,840 --> 01:15:30,120 Your men have been murdered 917 01:15:30,120 --> 01:15:34,320 and you behave as though it didn't concern you. 918 01:15:35,840 --> 01:15:37,920 You refuse 919 01:15:37,920 --> 01:15:40,520 to obey an order 920 01:15:40,520 --> 01:15:43,040 of the Fuhrer himself! 921 01:15:44,800 --> 01:15:48,120 That is high treason. 922 01:15:48,120 --> 01:15:52,720 And you will answer for it before a Court Marshal. 923 01:15:52,720 --> 01:15:55,560 Consider yourself under arrest! 924 01:15:58,480 --> 01:16:01,160 Get me General Machensen's Headquarters. 925 01:16:05,800 --> 01:16:09,600 The major refuses to carry out his orders. 926 01:16:09,600 --> 01:16:13,360 My list is ready, sir. With Caruso's 50, that should complete the list. 927 01:16:13,360 --> 01:16:14,920 We also have a... 928 01:16:14,920 --> 01:16:18,640 [PHONE RINGS] Yes. Yes, put him through. 929 01:16:18,640 --> 01:16:20,360 Colonel Hauser. 930 01:16:20,360 --> 01:16:26,760 Colonel, you will proceed with the utmost urgency to place a detachment of your men at my disposal. 931 01:16:26,760 --> 01:16:31,680 They will proceed with the execution of 320 hostages. 932 01:16:31,680 --> 01:16:34,480 What? You will what?! 933 01:16:39,360 --> 01:16:42,000 Here are the names, sir. Quite an ordeal. 934 01:16:42,000 --> 01:16:46,142 This is a report on the execution site and here is... 935 01:16:47,603 --> 01:16:51,680 a copy of the plan of the place of execution which we considered most suitable. 936 01:16:51,680 --> 01:16:57,080 Colonel Hauser has refused to place his men at my disposal. 937 01:16:57,080 --> 01:17:01,040 He says it is a job for the SS and not the army. 938 01:17:01,040 --> 01:17:03,840 Well, I would say he's correct, sir. 939 01:17:03,840 --> 01:17:05,400 Kappler, you don't understand. 940 01:17:05,400 --> 01:17:07,160 Doprich has refused. 941 01:17:07,160 --> 01:17:08,720 Hauser has refused. 942 01:17:08,720 --> 01:17:12,080 In other words, he washes his hands of the whole affair. 943 01:17:12,080 --> 01:17:16,200 We have only eight hours left. What good is your list? Who is going to shoot them? 944 01:17:16,200 --> 01:17:19,720 I shouldn't worry, sir. I'm sure you'll find somebody to do it. 945 01:17:22,560 --> 01:17:24,360 Yes, you. 946 01:17:28,200 --> 01:17:30,240 You will do it. 947 01:17:38,360 --> 01:17:40,440 That is an official order, sir. 948 01:17:41,960 --> 01:17:48,000 I will of course put my men at your disposal for this...operation. 949 01:17:48,000 --> 01:17:49,520 No, Kappler. 950 01:17:51,040 --> 01:17:54,920 As Commander of the security forces in Rome, 951 01:17:54,920 --> 01:17:58,120 it is your duty to set your men an example. 952 01:17:58,120 --> 01:18:03,800 You and all your officers must participate at least once in this operation. 953 01:18:03,800 --> 01:18:06,000 That is my official order. 954 01:18:06,000 --> 01:18:08,320 And of course, you shall have it in writing. 955 01:18:08,320 --> 01:18:10,120 You're quite right, sir. 956 01:18:10,120 --> 01:18:15,080 I shouldn't ask my men to do something I'm not prepared to do myself. 957 01:18:16,720 --> 01:18:19,760 I consider it a symbolic necessity. 958 01:18:19,760 --> 01:18:22,680 You're a fine officer, Kappler. 959 01:18:22,680 --> 01:18:25,600 I will mention you in my report to the Fuhrer. 960 01:18:25,600 --> 01:18:27,720 This could be very important for you. 961 01:18:29,240 --> 01:18:32,600 Five times I volunteered for the Eastern Front. Five times. 962 01:18:34,240 --> 01:18:36,240 Five times I was refused. 963 01:18:37,760 --> 01:18:42,160 They told me I'd have an important part to play... 964 01:18:44,440 --> 01:18:46,760 ..important part to play in Rome. 965 01:19:23,360 --> 01:19:28,880 Gentlemen, you all know why we're here, so I won't waste what little time we have left. 966 01:19:28,880 --> 01:19:34,120 Captain Priebke to whom I've already spoken is briefing the men. 967 01:19:34,120 --> 01:19:37,880 I would like to say two preliminary things, however. 968 01:19:37,880 --> 01:19:41,120 First, there is no question of moral guilt on our part. 969 01:19:41,120 --> 01:19:44,920 We are soldiers obeying precise orders. 970 01:19:44,920 --> 01:19:51,080 Secondly, all 74 of us, officers and men, all of German nationality will take part in this operation. 971 01:19:51,080 --> 01:19:53,840 Anyone refusing to do so will face a military tribunal. 972 01:19:53,840 --> 01:19:56,840 I don't need to tell you what that means. 973 01:19:56,840 --> 01:19:58,720 Like many of you here, 974 01:19:58,720 --> 01:20:00,240 I've never killed a man. 975 01:20:01,920 --> 01:20:04,040 I will fire the first bullet. 976 01:20:04,040 --> 01:20:10,720 I'm certain I speak for all of us here, Colonel, when I say we will all do our duty. 977 01:20:10,720 --> 01:20:13,680 Thank you gentlemen. 978 01:20:13,680 --> 01:20:15,480 This is the operation site. 979 01:20:15,480 --> 01:20:22,440 A series of abandoned man-made caves about three and a half kilometres southwest of where we are now. 980 01:20:22,440 --> 01:20:25,680 And at the Via Ardeatina which is there. 981 01:20:25,680 --> 01:20:28,120 The tunnels are made of limestone. 982 01:20:28,120 --> 01:20:31,080 When sealed, they will make a natural death chamber 983 01:20:31,080 --> 01:20:34,960 and the limestone will accelerate the decomposition of the remains. 984 01:20:37,080 --> 01:20:42,920 The tunnels are already being mined and will be blown shut on completion of the operation. 985 01:20:44,440 --> 01:20:47,320 The prisoners will be led in here. 986 01:20:47,320 --> 01:20:52,040 The executions will take place by pistol fire, the Mauser. 987 01:20:52,040 --> 01:20:56,280 The prisoners will be shot in batches of five by platoons of five. 988 01:20:56,280 --> 01:21:00,160 It therefore follows that each of us here will kill four or five men. 989 01:21:00,160 --> 01:21:03,120 I will now demonstrate the procedure to be followed. 990 01:21:07,600 --> 01:21:11,080 The prisoner will kneel, head pushed slightly forward. 991 01:21:11,080 --> 01:21:13,040 The muzzle of the gun will be placed in the nape of the neck. 992 01:21:13,040 --> 01:21:16,360 Close, but contact is unnecessary. 993 01:21:16,360 --> 01:21:22,520 The bullet will pass from low to high through the centre of the brain causing instant and painless death. 994 01:21:22,520 --> 01:21:25,280 Thank you. I calculate three hours to round up the prisoners. 995 01:21:25,280 --> 01:21:29,640 One hour for transportation to the caves, one minute for each execution. 996 01:21:29,640 --> 01:21:35,040 We should be finished by sundown, a couple of hours ahead of time, if all goes...if all goes as planned. 997 01:21:35,040 --> 01:21:38,800 I have already ordered 40 trucks from the motor pool, but Colonel, they're making difficulties. 998 01:21:38,800 --> 01:21:43,120 What difficulties? 18 of the trucks are normally used to transport meat supplies. 999 01:21:43,120 --> 01:21:46,560 And the officer in charge objects that if men are carried in them, 1000 01:21:46,560 --> 01:21:48,920 they'll need to be sterilised afterwards. 1001 01:21:48,920 --> 01:21:53,120 Get the trucks! I will answer to the objections. 1002 01:21:53,120 --> 01:21:56,440 Gentlemen, we must not attract attention at all costs. 1003 01:21:56,440 --> 01:21:58,640 Our best safety is speed. 1004 01:22:00,360 --> 01:22:04,120 The hospital just telephoned, Colonel. Another man has died. 1005 01:22:06,240 --> 01:22:11,520 Very well. I shall add ten more names to the list making it 330 in all. 1006 01:22:11,520 --> 01:22:13,400 Modify your plans accordingly. 1007 01:22:13,400 --> 01:22:15,480 That'll be all. 1008 01:22:19,160 --> 01:22:25,280 Priebke, the other evening you were telling me about ten Jews living in Arian households. 1009 01:22:25,280 --> 01:22:28,440 I ordered you to arrest them. Are they in custody? 1010 01:22:28,440 --> 01:22:30,400 At Regina Coeli prison, sir. 1011 01:22:30,400 --> 01:22:32,240 Add them to the list. 1012 01:22:36,200 --> 01:22:40,480 Send over a few cases of Cognac to the caves. 1013 01:22:42,400 --> 01:22:44,440 Our men will not find it easy. 1014 01:22:44,440 --> 01:22:46,600 Yes, sir. 1015 01:22:50,160 --> 01:22:51,680 Please sit down. 1016 01:23:02,880 --> 01:23:05,400 I am sorry you've had to wait so long. 1017 01:23:05,400 --> 01:23:08,200 Father, please, tell me what has been done. 1018 01:23:08,200 --> 01:23:11,240 All that was humanly possible, my son. 1019 01:23:11,240 --> 01:23:13,280 Then it wasn't stopped? 1020 01:23:13,280 --> 01:23:16,760 The Holy Father has given serious consideration 1021 01:23:16,760 --> 01:23:21,800 to the possibility of his intervention, but the Germans have threatened 1022 01:23:21,800 --> 01:23:27,160 to re-examine their attitude towards the present negotiations for the salvation of Rome. 1023 01:23:27,160 --> 01:23:31,120 Salvation of Rome? What salvation, Father? Whose salvation? 1024 01:23:31,120 --> 01:23:37,200 Father Antonelli, even at a moment like this, we must never forget 1025 01:23:37,200 --> 01:23:42,440 that the Germans are our last hope against atheist Communism. 1026 01:23:42,440 --> 01:23:45,880 Do you mean to tell me the Pope refused to intervene? 1027 01:23:45,880 --> 01:23:48,960 That he has forgotten he is the Parish Priest of Rome? 1028 01:23:50,600 --> 01:23:53,520 How dare you pass judgement? 1029 01:23:55,840 --> 01:23:59,560 The Holy Father is a prisoner of history. 1030 01:23:59,560 --> 01:24:04,200 He must think and act in terms that are universal. 1031 01:24:04,200 --> 01:24:06,240 So the church renounces her mission? 1032 01:24:06,240 --> 01:24:10,480 The Holy Father's chosen to do nothing. We have all chosen to do nothing! 1033 01:24:10,480 --> 01:24:13,400 Please keep calm, Father Antonelli. 1034 01:24:13,400 --> 01:24:15,360 These hours have not passed in vain. 1035 01:24:15,360 --> 01:24:22,240 We have drawn up a statement that will appear on the front page of the Romano tomorrow. Tomorrow? 1036 01:24:22,240 --> 01:24:27,520 Let me read it to you, my son and then you can judge for yourself. 1037 01:24:29,360 --> 01:24:35,160 "In these anxious hours, we turn our thoughts particularly 1038 01:24:35,160 --> 01:24:41,760 "to the city of Rome, so often tortured by anguish and tribulation. 1039 01:24:41,760 --> 01:24:48,480 "Our appeal is made directly to the conscience of the population who have so admirably demonstrated 1040 01:24:48,480 --> 01:24:52,920 "their spirit of sacrifice and profound sense of dignity. 1041 01:24:52,920 --> 01:25:00,240 "Do not with violent urges, shatter this attitude which is so worthy of the virtues of our people. 1042 01:25:00,240 --> 01:25:03,840 "Every ill-considered act would have no other result 1043 01:25:03,840 --> 01:25:10,000 "than to end by injuring many innocent people, already tried by anguish. 1044 01:25:10,000 --> 01:25:13,000 "Maintain public order..." 1045 01:25:45,400 --> 01:25:47,360 Colonel Kappler. 1046 01:25:47,360 --> 01:25:48,880 Oh, thank you. 1047 01:25:55,640 --> 01:25:57,680 I must see him. 1048 01:25:57,680 --> 01:26:02,640 They didn't want to let me in. You're in. What do you want? I've just come from the Vatican. 1049 01:26:02,640 --> 01:26:05,920 The Holy Father is taking the necessary steps. You must postpone. 1050 01:26:05,920 --> 01:26:10,120 We've already been informed of the necessary steps the Holy Father is prepared to take. 1051 01:26:10,120 --> 01:26:13,800 This will appear in the Vatican newspaper tomorrow. 1052 01:26:13,800 --> 01:26:15,400 "Maintain public order. 1053 01:26:15,400 --> 01:26:21,080 "See that is it not disturbed by any attitude whatsoever that gives rise to painful conflicts. 1054 01:26:21,080 --> 01:26:26,440 "And those who know how to influence the minds of the citizenry, above all, the priests, 1055 01:26:26,440 --> 01:26:31,040 "have the high mission of persuasion, pacification and giving comfort." 1056 01:26:31,040 --> 01:26:33,680 So you see, Father, there was no point in your coming here. 1057 01:26:35,520 --> 01:26:38,120 Colonel, you have a soul. 1058 01:26:38,120 --> 01:26:42,360 Give it whatever name you like, but one day, regardless of what 1059 01:26:42,360 --> 01:26:46,720 happens now, you will be called to account before the tribunal of God. 1060 01:26:46,720 --> 01:26:49,600 Do something. There is still time. 1061 01:26:49,600 --> 01:26:51,600 There is no time, Father. 1062 01:26:51,600 --> 01:26:54,760 It was always too late. I realise that now. 1063 01:26:54,760 --> 01:26:59,760 Man acts the way he does, so does the Pope. 1064 01:26:59,760 --> 01:27:05,600 Any man who believes that he can control his own destiny is dreaming an ancient dream. 1065 01:27:05,600 --> 01:27:07,960 An ancient dream of fools. 1066 01:27:07,960 --> 01:27:09,720 Fools? 1067 01:27:09,720 --> 01:27:12,720 You call us fools. Dreamers. 1068 01:27:12,720 --> 01:27:15,000 You call a massacre a reprisal. 1069 01:27:15,000 --> 01:27:19,600 You call a living, feeling boy a partisan. A sick old man, hostage. 1070 01:27:19,600 --> 01:27:22,200 You call a woman full of love, a Communist. 1071 01:27:22,200 --> 01:27:27,120 Hangmen wear masks, Colonel, and you mask yourself with empty words. 1072 01:27:27,120 --> 01:27:29,560 You blind yourself in order to destroy. 1073 01:27:29,560 --> 01:27:31,920 But we are a man, humanity. 1074 01:27:31,920 --> 01:27:35,160 God's creation on Earth, not the cogs of a machine. 1075 01:27:35,160 --> 01:27:38,080 Men can choose. 1076 01:27:38,080 --> 01:27:40,120 Choose, Colonel! 1077 01:27:42,200 --> 01:27:44,800 It's time to go, sir. 1078 01:27:44,800 --> 01:27:47,680 I'm going to do my duty. 1079 01:27:47,680 --> 01:27:50,560 I've told you what is expected of you. 1080 01:27:50,560 --> 01:27:52,880 Go and do yours. 1081 01:27:52,880 --> 01:27:55,000 There's no time, Father. 1082 01:27:55,000 --> 01:27:58,120 There's nothing more you can do. There is more I can do. 1083 01:27:58,120 --> 01:27:59,640 No, Father. 1084 01:28:01,240 --> 01:28:02,760 Heil Hitler. 1085 01:28:27,560 --> 01:28:29,920 I need this bicycle. 1086 01:29:25,240 --> 01:29:27,160 This is the complete list. 1087 01:29:27,160 --> 01:29:31,240 Take it to Regina Coeli Prison at once and hand it personally... 1088 01:29:31,240 --> 01:29:33,920 Sir, they just telephoned from Regina Coeli. 1089 01:29:33,920 --> 01:29:36,840 They've already taken them away. 1090 01:29:36,840 --> 01:29:38,920 That's impossible. 1091 01:29:38,920 --> 01:29:41,080 I have the list here. 1092 01:29:41,080 --> 01:29:43,920 This is the only copy. 1093 01:29:43,920 --> 01:29:48,200 Kappler's men arrived and said if they didn't get the men, they'd take the guards away instead. 1094 01:29:48,200 --> 01:29:50,320 They took 55 prisoners. 1095 01:29:51,840 --> 01:29:53,480 That's too many. 1096 01:29:53,480 --> 01:29:55,840 It's too many. 1097 01:29:55,840 --> 01:29:58,640 Too many, too many, too many. 1098 01:30:01,200 --> 01:30:03,520 They took five too many. 1099 01:31:15,560 --> 01:31:17,840 [REPEATED GUNSHOTS] 1100 01:31:22,600 --> 01:31:24,920 [GUNSHOTS ECHO] 1101 01:32:07,120 --> 01:32:09,520 [REPEATED GUNSHOTS] 1102 01:32:12,880 --> 01:32:15,280 [GUNSHOTS CONTINUE] 1103 01:32:20,320 --> 01:32:23,040 [REPEATED GUNSHOTS] 1104 01:32:29,160 --> 01:32:31,960 Guiseppe, Andrea, Mario.... 1105 01:32:33,960 --> 01:32:37,000 [GUARD READS OUT ITALIAN NAMES] 1106 01:32:50,240 --> 01:32:53,200 [REPEATED GUNSHOTS, MAN PRAYS] 1107 01:32:56,800 --> 01:32:58,920 [REPEATED GUNSHOTS] 1108 01:33:11,800 --> 01:33:14,760 [GUARD READS OUT ITALIAN NAMES] 1109 01:33:54,760 --> 01:33:57,040 Get away! Let me pass. 1110 01:34:20,200 --> 01:34:22,320 [DISTANT SHOUTING] 1111 01:34:40,280 --> 01:34:42,640 [RAPID GUNSHOTS] 1112 01:34:44,600 --> 01:34:47,760 [GUNSHOTS CONTINUE] 1113 01:34:50,280 --> 01:34:52,360 [GUNSHOTS] 1114 01:34:56,440 --> 01:34:59,080 [GUNSHOTS CONTINUE] 1115 01:35:43,320 --> 01:35:45,560 [INAUDIBLE] 1116 01:36:03,800 --> 01:36:06,280 [TRUCK ENGINE ROARS] I can't do it. 1117 01:36:26,320 --> 01:36:28,840 [GUNSHOTS ECHO] 1118 01:36:33,600 --> 01:36:36,320 [REPEATED GUNSHOTS] 1119 01:36:40,120 --> 01:36:42,480 [GUNSHOTS CONTINUE] 1120 01:36:50,960 --> 01:36:53,760 [REPEATED GUNSHOTS] 1121 01:36:56,720 --> 01:36:59,480 [GUNSHOTS ECHO] 1122 01:37:30,440 --> 01:37:31,437 [NARRATOR]: 1123 01:37:31,498 --> 01:37:34,360 Ten weeks later the Allies liberated Rome. 1124 01:37:34,760 --> 01:37:42,200 Police chief Pietro Caruso was tried by an Italian court, sentenced to death and executed. 1125 01:37:43,880 --> 01:37:49,560 General Kurt Maelzer was tried and sentenced to death in 1946. 1126 01:37:49,560 --> 01:37:51,760 The sentence was not carried out. 1127 01:37:51,760 --> 01:37:53,560 He died in prison. 1128 01:37:53,560 --> 01:37:56,160 Field Marshal Albert Kesselring 1129 01:37:56,160 --> 01:38:00,120 was tried by a British Military Tribunal in 1947. 1130 01:38:00,120 --> 01:38:02,160 He was sentenced to death. 1131 01:38:02,160 --> 01:38:04,400 The sentence was not carried out. 1132 01:38:04,400 --> 01:38:06,720 He was released in 1952. 1133 01:38:08,240 --> 01:38:14,160 Colonel Herbert Kappler was tried in Rome in 1948 and found guilty. 1134 01:38:14,160 --> 01:38:16,920 He was sentenced to life imprisonment. 1135 01:38:16,920 --> 01:38:21,560 He is serving his sentence in the Italian Penitentiary at Gaeta.